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Pelvic Walls and Vasculature
N/A
39
Anatomy
Graduate
01/25/2012

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Cards

Term
What makes up the anterior pelvic wall?
Definition
Pubic bones, pubic rami, symphysis pubis
Term
What makes up the posterior pelvic wall?
Definition
Sacrum/coccyx, piriformis, pelvic fascia
Term
What makes up the lateral pelvic wall?
Definition
hip bone, obturator membrane, obturator internus and fascia, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
Term
What makes up the pelvic floor?
Definition
Muscular pelvic diaphragm and fascia, separates pelvic cavity from the perineum
Term
The piriformis exits the pelvis at what point to insert where?
Definition
Great sciatic foramen, greater trochanter of the femur
Term
What innervates the piriformis and what are the nerve roots?
Definition
Nerve to piriformis, S1-2
Term
What is the action performed by the piriformis muscle?
Definition
Lateral rotation of hip and abduction of the thigh
Term
Where does the obturator internus leave the pelvis and where does it insert?
Definition
Lesser sciatic foramen, greater trochanter of the femur
Term
What innervates the obturator internus and what are its nerve roots?
Definition
Nerve to obturator internus, L5 S1 (S2)
Term
What action is performed by the obturator internus muscle?
Definition
Lateral rotation of the thigh
Term
What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?
Definition
Levator ani and coccygeus muscles and their fascia
Term
What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?
Definition
Support of the pelvic viscera
Term
What can occur due to injury to the pelvic diaphragm such as in difficult childbirths?
Definition
Prolapse of internal pelvic organs including uterus, vagina, urinary bladder and/or rectum
Term
What is the origin of the levator ani muscles?
Definition
Posterior aspect of the body of the pubis, tendinous arch, and ischial spine
Term
What forms the tendinous arch in the pelvic wall?
Definition
Thickening of the pelvic fascia covering the obturator internus muscle
Term
The tendinous arch is incomplete anteriorly to allow passage for what?
Definition
Urethra, vagina in females
Term
What muscles form the levator ani muscles?
Definition
Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis, levator prostate/sphincter vaginae
Term
What innervates the levator ani muscles and what are its nerve roots?
Definition
Perineal branches of S4
Term
Which U-shaped sling muscle that makes up part of the levator ani muscles is responsible for the anorectal flexure and plays a major role in maintaining fecal continence?
Definition
Puborectalis muscle
Term
What is pelvic fascia continuous with superiorly?
Definition
Endoabdominal fascia
Term
What are the divisions of the pelvic fascia?
Definition
Parietal pelvic fascia and visceral pelvic fascia
Term
What lines the muscles of the wall and floor of the pelvis?
Definition
Parietal pelvic fascia
Term
What directly ensheaths pelvic organs?
Definition
Visceral pelvic fascia
Term
What pelvic ligaments are unique to females?
Definition
Pubocervical, uterosacral, transverse cervical ligament (cardinal ligament)
Term
What pelvic ligament is unique to males?
Definition
Puboprostatic ligament supporting the urinary bladder
Term
What relationship does the uterine artery have with nearby structures that is surgically important during a hysterectomy?
Definition
Passes toward the cervix above the ureter within the upper part of the transverse cervical ligament
Term
The uterine artery anastomoses with what other arteries?
Definition
Vaginal and ovarian arteries
Term
What internal iliac artery branch is absent in females?
Definition
Inferior vesical artery
Term
Where do the common iliac veins merge to form the inferior vena cava?
Definition
L5
Term
Lymph drains from the pelvis primarily to what nodes?
Definition
External and internal iliac nodes, common iliac nodes
Term
Sacral and coccygeal nerve plexuses are located where?
Definition
On anterior surface of the piriformis
Term
Where does the sacral and coccygeal nerve plexuses leave the pelvis?
Definition
Greater sciatic foramen
Term
What is the main nerve supply of the perineum and what are its nerve roots?
Definition
Pudendal nerve S2-4
Term
Lumbar splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic fibers to what plexuses?
Definition
Inferior mesenteric and superior hypogastric plexuses
Term
Sympathetic ganglia connect to sacral spinal nerves by what?
Definition
Gray rami communicantes carrying postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Term
What plexuses are included in the intermesenteric plexuses
Definition
Renal, testicular/ovarian, and uteric plexuses
Term
What plexuses are included in the inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexuses)
Definition
Rectal, vesical, uterovaginal, prostatic plexuses
Term
What connects superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
Definition
Right and left hypogastric nerves
Term
The terminal branches of the inferior hypogastric plexus penetrate the pelvic floor to innervate what?
Definition
The erectile tissues of the penis and the clitoris in the perineum (cavernous nerves)
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