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Pelvic Contents and Perineum
Pelvic Contents and Perineum
226
Anatomy
Graduate
10/20/2014

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Term
the bony pelvis consists of what bones
Definition
2 os coxae, sacrum, coccyx
Term
in childhood the os coxae consists of how many bones?
Definition
3
Term
when do the 3 bones of the os coxae fuse by
Definition
age 17
Term
what are the 3 bones of the os coxae
Definition
ilium, ischium, pubis
Term
fan shaped bone that contributes to the upper 2/3's of the acetabulum
Definition
ilium
Term
how is the crest of the ilium palpated
Definition
put your hands on hips
Term
highest portion of the crest of the ilium is at what spinal level
Definition
L4
Term
the highest portion of the crest of the ilium is the superior border for what
Definition
gluteal region
Term
the ASIS is a feature of what
Definition
ilium
Term
the ASIS serves as an origin for what muscles
Definition
sartorius, tensor fasciae latae
Term
the PSIS creates what at level of Bony S2
Definition
skin "dimples"
Term
the PSIS creates skin "dimples" at what spinal level
Definition
S2
Term
the greater sciatic notch provides passes for what nerves
Definition
sciatic nn, superior gluteal nn, inferior gluteal nn, pudendal nn
Term
the greater sciatic notch provides passage for what arteries
Definition
superior gluteal aa, inferior gluteal aa, internal pudendal aa
Term
the greater sciatic notch provides passes for what muscels
Definition
piriformis mm
Term
the greater sciatic notch provides passeage for vessels from where to where
Definition
pelvic cavity to gluteal region and posterior thigh
Term
the greater sciatic foramen is formed by what
Definition
greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous ligaments
Term
what bone do we sit on
Definition
ischium
Term
the tuberosity of the ischium is responsible for what
Definition
supporting body weight during sitting
Term
the tuberosity of the ischium is covered by what when the thigh is extended
Definition
gluteus maximus
Term
when the thigh is extended the tuberosity of the ischium is covered by what
Definition
gluteus maximus
Term
the tuberosity of the ischium attaches what muscles
Definition
hamstring, adductor magnus
Term
the tuberosity of the ischium serves as an attachment for what ligament
Definition
sacrotuberous ligament
Term
the spine of the ischium is a beak-lie prominence separating what
Definition
greater and lesser sciatic notches
Term
the spine of the ischium serves as an attachment for what
Definition
sacrospinous ligament
Term
the greater sciatic foramen is part of what bone
Definition
ilium
Term
the lesser sciatic foramen is part of what bone
Definition
ischium
Term
the lesser sciatic foramen is formed by what
Definition
lesser sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament, sacropsinous ligament
Term
the lesser sciatic foramen conveys what artery, nerve, and muscle?
Definition
pudendal artery, pudendal nerve, obturator internus muscle
Term
the lesser sciatic foramen conveys the internal pudendal aa, pudendal nn, and obturator internus mm from where to where
Definition
gluteal region to perineum
Term
the obturator foramen is bounded by what
Definition
ischium and pubis
Term
the obturator foramen is located where
Definition
superior to ischial tuberosity
Term
the obturator foramen is mostly covered by what
Definition
obturator membrane, obturator internus mm, obturator externus mm
Term
the obturator foramen conveys what
Definition
obturator nn and vessels
Term
the obturator foramen conveys obturator nn and vessels to where
Definition
medial thigh
Term
the posterolateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx provides attachment for what ligaments
Definition
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous
Term
the posterolateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx provides attachment for what muscles
Definition
gluteus maximus
Term
the anterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx provides attachment for what
Definition
piriformis mm
Term
the brim of the pelvis separates what
Definition
greater and lesser pelvis
Term
the brim of the pelvis surround what
Definition
pelvic inlet
Term
the pelvic inlet is also known as
Definition
superior aperture
Term
the brim of the pelvis is formed by what 6 features
Definition
pubis symphysis, pubic crest, pecten pubis, arcuate line of ilium, ala of sacrum, promonotory of sacrum
Term
greater pelvis aka (2)
Definition
pelvis major, false pelvis)
Term
greater pelvis is responsible for what
Definition
supporting contents of abdomen
Term
the greater pelvis lies between what
Definition
iliac fossas
Term
the greater pelvis is actually part of what
Definition
abdominal cavity
Term
lesser pelvis aka (2)
Definition
pelvis minor, true pelvis
Term
the lesser pelvis contains what
Definition
pelvic cavity and perineum
Term
the lesser pelvis is bounded by what 6 bones
Definition
sacrum, coccyx, ishia, lower ilia, pubic bones, symphsyis pubis
Term
posterior border of lesser pelvis
Definition
sacrum and coccyx which are partly covered by piriformis mm
Term
what are the lateral walls of the lesser pelvis
Definition
ischia and lower ilia, covered by obturator internus mm
Term
what is the anterior wall of the lesser pelvis
Definition
pubic bones and symphysis pubis
Term
which pelvis is deeper: male or female
Definition
males
Term
which pelvis has wider separation of iliac crests? males or females?
Definition
females
Term
which pelvis has a wider pubic arch?
Definition
females
Term
which pelvis has a wider separation of ischial spines and tuberosities? males or females
Definition
females
Term
which pelvis has a larger pelvic outlet? Males or females?
Definition
females
Term
which pelvis has less curved sacrum produces enlargement of apertures? males or females?
Definition
females
Term
which pelvis has more prominent markings? males or females?
Definition
males
Term
which pelvis has smaller (heart-shaped) & narrower apertures? males or females
Definition
males
Term
which pelvis has deeper pelvis minor? males or females?
Definition
males
Term
which pelvis has less flared iliac crests? males or females?
Definition
males
Term
which pelvis has a pubic arch usually less than 90 degrees? males or females?
Definition
males
Term
floor of the pelvis aka
Definition
pelvic diaphragm
Term
funnel-shaped closure of pelvic outlet
Definition
pelvic diaphragm
Term
pelvic outlet aka
Definition
inferior aperture
Term
the pelvic outlet is bounded by posteriorly
Definition
sacrum and coccyx
Term
the pelvic outlet is bounded by what anteriorly
Definition
pubic symphysis
Term
the pelvis outlet is bounded by what laterally
Definition
ischial tuberosities
Term
the perineum consists of structures of pelvis minor inferior to what
Definition
pelvic diaphragm
Term
the perineum includes exits for these 3 tracts
Definition
urinary, reproductive, digestive
Term
what are the 2 triangles of the perineum
Definition
urogential, anal
Term
the common base of the urogential triangle and anal triangle is what
Definition
line joining anterior ends of ischial tuberosities
Term
the urogenital triangle includes what in males
Definition
urethra, bulb, crura of penis
Term
the urogenital triangle includes what in females
Definition
urethral and vaginal openings, clitoris, labia majora, labia minora
Term
the anal triangle is the site of what
Definition
external anal sphincter
Term
the anal trinagle includes what
Definition
anal opening and ishioanal fossas
Term
ishioanal aka
Definition
ishiorectal
Term
3 muscles involved with levator ani
Definition
puborectalis, pubococcygeous, iliococcygeus
Term
levator ani origin
Definition
pubis and tendinous arch of obturator internus fascia
Term
levator ani insertion
Definition
coccyx and anococcygeal ligament
Term
levator ani innervation
Definition
branches of pudendal nn
Term
pudendal nn spinal lvl
Definition
S2-S4
Term
levator ani actions
Definition
forms pelvic floor (with coccyx mm), supports viscera, assists in pressurinzing abdominal cavity
Term
pressuring the abdominal cavity aka
Definition
val salva's maneuver
Term
coccygeus mm aka
Definition
ischiococcygeus mm
Term
coccygeous mm origin
Definition
ischial spine, sacrospinous ligament
Term
coccygeus mm insertion
Definition
coccyx & inferior sacrum
Term
coccygeus innervation
Definition
sacral anterior primary rami
Term
sacral anterior primary rami spinal lvl
Definition
s4-s5
Term
coccygeus actions
Definition
forms pelvic floor (with levator ani mm) to support pelvic viscera, anterior movement of coccyx
Term
4 muscles supplied by the pudendal nn
Definition
superficial transverse perineal muscle, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, deep transverse perineal and sphincter urethrae
Term
superficial transverse perineal muscle innervaiton
Definition
pudendal nn
Term
bulbospongiosus mm innervation
Definition
pudendal nn
Term
ischiocavernosus innervation
Definition
pudendal nn
Term
deep transverse perineal and sphincter urethrae innervation
Definition
pudendal nn
Term
superficial transverse perineal muscle origin
Definition
ischial tuberosity
Term
superficial transverse perineal muscle insertion
Definition
central tendon of perineum
Term
bulbospongius origin
Definition
central tendon of perineum
Term
bulbospongiosus insertion
Definition
corpus spongiosum by the pubic symphysis
Term
bulbospongiosus action
Definition
contraction during orgasm
Term
ischiocavernsosus origin
Definition
ischial tuberosities
Term
ischiocavernosus insertion
Definition
corpus cavernosa
Term
ischiocavernosus action
Definition
contracts during orgasm
Term
deep transverse perineal and sphincter urethrae forms what
Definition
urogenital diaphragm
Term
spinal levels of lumbosacral plexus
Definition
L4-L5, S1-S4
Term
what is the main artery of the pelvis
Definition
internal iliac aa
Term
how many branches does the internal iliac artery have?
Definition
5
Term
what are the 5 branches of the internal iliac aa?
Definition
superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, obturator, umbilical
Term
the superior gluteal aa exits the pelvis via what
Definition
greater sciatic foramen
Term
the superior gluteal aa exits via the greater sciatic foramen above what
Definition
piriformis
Term
superior gluteal aa supplies what
Definition
piriformis, gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius
Term
the inferior gluteal aa exits the pelvis via what
Definition
greater sciatic foramen
Term
the inferior gluteal exits the greater sciatic foramen below what
Definition
piriformis
Term
the inferior gluteal aa supplies what
Definition
piriformis, lower mm (including glut max and hamstrings)
Term
the internal pudendal nn accompanies what to the perineum
Definition
pudendal nn
Term
the internal pudendal aa supplies what
Definition
perineal structures and branches to pelvic viscera
Term
the obturator branches how from the internal pudendal aa
Definition
anteriorly
Term
the obturator aa branches anteriorly from internal pudendal to accompnay what to medial thigh
Definition
obturator nn
Term
the umbilical follows the pelvic brim to where
Definition
pubic crest
Term
the umbilical aa follows ____ ____ to pubic crest
Definition
pelvic brim
Term
the umbilical aa branch supply what
Definition
superior part of bladder
Term
what happens to the umbilical aa distally after birth
Definition
obliterated, forms the medial umbilical ligament
Term
the pelvic viscera, external genitalia, are all....
Definition
extraperitoneal
Term
pelvic viscera and external genitalia (5)
Definition
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, female reproductive organs, male reproductive organs
Term
the ureteres traverse what to extend forward to urinary bladder
Definition
posterior abdominal wall and brim of pelvis
Term
the ureters traverse the posterior wall and brim pelvis to.....
Definition
extend forward to urinary bladder
Term
pyramidal sac behind pubis symphysis
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
the urinary bladder may expend into what as it fills
Definition
pelvis major
Term
this area of the urinary bladder is resistant to stretching and is bounded by the ureteric openings and the internal urethral orifice
Definition
trigone
Term
the trigone is bounded by what
Definition
ureteric openings, internal urethral orifice
Term
how long is the male urethra
Definition
6-8 inches
Term
how many parts does the male urethera have?
Definition
3
Term
what are the 3 parts of the male urethra?
Definition
prostatic, membranous, spongy
Term
the prostatic portion extends from where
Definition
urinary bladder forward through prostate gland
Term
what portion of the urethra admits semen?
Definition
prostatic portion
Term
the prostatic portion admits semen from structures within what
Definition
prostate
Term
the membranous portion of the urethra pierces what
Definition
urogenital diaphragm
Term
the spongy portion exits via what
Definition
glans of penis
Term
the spongy portion of the urethra is in what
Definition
corpus spongiosum
Term
how long is the female urethra?
Definition
1.5 inches
Term
the female urethera is lubricated by what
Definition
paraurethral glands
Term
the paraurethral glands are near what
Definition
external orifice
Term
the female urethra opens into what
Definition
vestibule
Term
the uterus is what shape
Definition
pear
Term
the uterus is between what
Definition
urinarry bladder and rectum
Term
the uterus usually ______ _____ over urinary bladder
Definition
arches forward
Term
what is the most superior part of the uterus
Definition
fundus
Term
what is the expanded upper portion of the uterus
Definition
body
Term
what is the constricted inferior portion of the uterus
Definition
cervix
Term
what structure intrudes into the upper vagina
Definition
cervix
Term
the cervix is structured by what in the vagina
Definition
anterior and posterior fornices
Term
broad ligament aka
Definition
drape of peritoneum
Term
the broad ligament extends how from the body of the uterus
Definition
laterally
Term
the broad ligament is attached to what
Definition
ovaries
Term
the broad ligament encloses what
Definition
uterine tubes and round ligaments
Term
the round ligaments extends laterally from what area
Definition
uterine tubes
Term
the round ligaments extend laterally from area of uterine tubes to where
Definition
deep inguinal rings
Term
the round ligaments traverse what
Definition
inguinal canals
Term
the round ligaments are anchored to what
Definition
labia majora
Term
the uterine tubes extend laterally within what
Definition
broad ligament
Term
the uterine tubes extend laterally within portion of broad ligament called...
Definition
mesosalpinx
Term
the uterine tubes extend laterally from what part of the uterus
Definition
superolateral
Term
the uterine tubes open into what cavity
Definition
periotneal
Term
what is the expanded terminal part of the uterine tube which features finger like folds
Definition
infundibulum
Term
what are the finger like folds of the infundinibulum called?
Definition
fimbriae
Term
one of the fimbriae of the infundibulum attaches to what
Definition
ovary
Term
the ovaries are what shaped
Definition
almond
Term
the ovaries lay near what
Definition
lateral walls of pelvis minor
Term
the ovaries are supported by...(3)
Definition
suspensory ligament, ovarian ligament, mesovarium
Term
where does the suspensory ligament for the ovaries come from?
Definition
lateral wall that carries ovarian vessels
Term
where does the ovarian ligament extend to
Definition
uterus
Term
the mesovarium is a portion of what
Definition
broad ligament which ovaries are embedded in
Term
the vagina is the organ of...
Definition
copulation and birth canal
Term
the vagina, postionally, is the _______ portion of the reproductive tract
Definition
inferiormost
Term
superior border of vagina
Definition
cervix
Term
inferior border of vagina
Definition
vestibule
Term
the posterior fornix site provides access to what
Definition
recto-uterine pouch
Term
recto-uterine pouch aka
Definition
pouch of douglas
Term
elongated space in midlline of urogentical triangle, between labia minora
Definition
vestibule
Term
the labia minor is united posteriorly by a frenulum called....
Definition
fourchette
Term
the urethra opens into the vestibule _______
Definition
anteriorly
Term
the vagina opens into the vestibule ________
Definition
posteriorly
Term
what lubricate the vesitbule during sexual arousal
Definition
vestibular glands
Term
role of the labia majora
Definition
provide protection for the urogential complex (vulva)
Term
the clitoris and vesitbular bulbs are homologus to what in males
Definition
penis
Term
the clitoris is at the anterior limit of what
Definition
vestibule
Term
the vestibular bulbs are lateral to the _______ ________ and deep to the ________ ________ of the vagina
Definition
vaginal orifice, external sphincter
Term
the vestibular bulbs lie deep to what
Definition
bulbospongiosus mm
Term
the scrotum is suspended between what
Definition
anterior abdominal wall and perineum
Term
the testes descend into scrotum when
Definition
usually at birtb
Term
epididymis is a ____ shaped appendage
Definition
crescent
Term
the epididymis leads to what
Definition
vas deferens
Term
the epididymis is attached how
Definition
superiorly and posteriorly
Term
the spermatic cords are covered by what
Definition
fascias and cremaster mm
Term
role of the spermatic cords
Definition
suspend testes in scrotum
Term
spermatic cord carries what
Definition
testicular blood supply, nerves to vas deferens and cremaster mm, vas deferens and its blood supply
Term
vas deferens aka
Definition
ductus deferns
Term
muscular tube from inferior end of epididymis to spermatic cord
Definition
vas deferens
Term
the vas deferens traverses the ______ _______ and _______
Definition
inguinal rings, canal
Term
the vas deferens travserse the inguinal ring and canal passing across the ______
Definition
ureter
Term
the vas deferens traverses the inguinal ring and canal passing across the ureter enroute to the ____ _____
Definition
prostate gland
Term
the vas deferens expands into an ______ at edge of prostate gland
Definition
ampulaa
Term
the vas deferens expands into an ampulla at edge of _____ ____
Definition
prostate gland
Term
sex accessory glands lateral to ampullae of vassa deferentia
Definition
seminal vesicles
Term
the ducts of the seminal vesicle are located where
Definition
within prostate
Term
the ducts of the seminal vesicles unite with vasa deferentia to form what
Definition
ejacultory ducts
Term
ejaculatory ducts empty into what
Definition
prostatic urethra
Term
the prostate gland surrounds what
Definition
urethra, directly inferior to urinary bladder
Term
the prostate gland secretes via several ductules into what
Definition
prostatic urethra
Term
the bulbourethral glands are _______ to membranous urethra
Definition
posterolateral
Term
the bulbourethral glands are located within what
Definition
urogenital diaphragm
Term
the ducts of the bulbourethral glands descend into what
Definition
bulb of penis
Term
the ducts of the bulbourethral glands descend into bulb of penis to enter what
Definition
spongy urethra
Term
the penis is constructed of how many spongy tissues
Definition
3
Term
what are the 3 spongy masses of erectile tissue?
Definition
2 corpora cavernosa (superolateral), corpus spongiosum (inferior and median)
Term
proximal divergent ends of corpora cavernosa
Definition
crura of penis
Term
bulb and glans of penis
Definition
enlarged proximal and distal protions of corpus spongiosum
Term
double layer of skin covering glans
Definition
prepuce
Term
the kidneys and gonads develop from what
Definition
intermediate mesoderm
Term
the ureters of teh primitive (mesonephric) kidney are called what
Definition
meshonephric (wolffian) ducts
Term
the mesonephric (wolffian) ducts eventually become the
Definition
vas deferens
Term
the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts develop into what
Definition
uterus
Term
the metanephric kidneys develop from what
Definition
ureteric bud
Term
what are the metanephric kidneys
Definition
the kidneys you are born with
Term
the primitive genital swellings develop into what
Definition
scrotum or labia majora
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