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Pelvic Cavity
Pelvic Cavity, muscles, arteries, nerves etc
52
Anatomy
Professional
10/10/2010

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Cards

Term
Abdominal Aorta
Definition
Celiac artery, Cranial Mesenteric a., Phrenicoabdominal a., Renal a., Lumbar a., Testicular/Ovarian a., Caudal Mesenteric a., Deep circumflex a., External iliac aa., Internal iliac a., Median Sacral
Term
Paired Abdominal Areries
Definition
Phrenicoabdominal
Renal
Lumbar
Testicular/Ovarian
Deep circumflex iliac
External iliac
Internal iliac
Term
Unpaired Arteries in the Abdomen
Definition
Celiac
Cranial Mesenteric
Caudal Mesenteric
Median Sacral
Term
Venous Drainage of Abdomen
Definition
Caudal Vena Cava--carries blood from areas with paired arteries
Carries blood back to heart from areas with unpaired arteries (GI, pancrease, spleen, liver)
Term
Portal Vein
Definition
The Portal Vein carries blood from the GI, pancreas, spleen to the liver to be detoxified then it goes tothe caudal vena cava
Term
Portosystemic Shunts (PSS)
Definition
Abnormal blood flow in the liver. Blood should go to liver then to caudal vena cava.
PSS- blood goes directly to vena cava without being detoxified in the liver.
Neurologic clinical signs.
PSS can be acquired or congenital
Term
Celiacomesenteric ganglion
Definition
Supplies organs of foregut and midgut
Ganglia is at the root of equivalent arteris
Aggregation of both cranial mesenteric and celiac components.
Term
Caudal Mesenteric ganglion
Definition
Viscera of hindgut.
Located at the root of the equivalent artery
Term
Splanchnic nn
Definition
* Sympathetic neurons between symp. trunk and ganglia
Major splanchnic
Minor splanchnic
Lumbar splanchnic
Term
Parasympathetic nn
Definition
Dorsal vagal trunk
Ventral vagal trunk
(Parasympathetic fibers synapse in the wall of the organ innervated)
Term
Abdominal Lymphatic drainage
Definition
Lymph goes from Viscera--> lymph centers --> cisterna chyli -->lumbar trunk --> thoracic duct.
Term
Lymph Centers
Definition
Parenchymatous organs--lymph centers named after organ they drain
Celiacomesenteric lymph center- foregut and midgut (root of mesentery)
Caudal mesenteric lymph center--hindgut. (Root of caudal mesenteric a.)
Lumbar aortic nodes--urinary tract and dorsal abdomen. At aortic bifurcation. (Ex: Medial iliacs)
Term
Boundaries of Pelvic cavity
Definition
Pelvic inlet:
Dorsal- promontory (cranial ventral part) sacrum
Ventrally- pelvic symphysis
Laterally-arcuate line of ilium
Pelvic outlet:
Dorsal- Cd 1
Ventrally- Ischiatic arch
Laterally- sacrotuberous ligament
Perineum : tissue covering pelvic outlet and form body wall
Pelvic diaphragm: levator ani and coccygeus mm.
Term
Linings of Pelvic cavity
Definition
Pelvic fascia (continues from transversalis fascia)
Peritoneum- (extension of abdominal peritoneum)
Term
Pelvic Pouches
Definition
Pubovesical - btwn pubis and bladder (around median ligament)
Vesicogenital pouch- btwn bladder and uterus (female) or genital fold (male)
Rectogenital pouch- btwn rectum and uterus or genital fold
Pararectal fossa- rectogenital pouch on either side of rectum
*Genital fold is the small fold that is dorsal to the bladder that has the ductus deferens and ureters.
Term
Parts of the Bladder
Definition
Body
Neck
Trigone (where ureteral openings are)
Term
Muscles of the Bladder
Definition
Detrusor m - smooth muscle around apex and body. Pelvic n.
Internal urethral sphincter- smooth. Hypogastric n.
External urethral sphincter-- "Urethralis m" straited. Pudendal nerve
Term
Micturition (Urinating)
Definition
Stretch receptors- sensory info to spinal cord
Relay to CNS for conscious perception
Emptying Phase- Parasympathetic.
Filling Phase - "Don't pee" Sympathetic ANS
Term
Rectum
Definition
Pelvic inlet to CD 2 (beginning of anal canal)
Mesorectum is the mesentary
Term
Anal canal
Definition
Rectum to Anus
Surrounded by internal sphincter m (smooth) and external sphincter m (striated)
3 zones: Columnar, Intermediate (anal sinuses), Cutaneous (anal sacs)
Term
Glands of the Anus
Definition
Anal Glands - open in intermediate zone. Fatty secretion. (NOT IN CAT)

Glands of Anal Sac- empty in cutaneous zone. Produce odorous secretions. Cause problems. (Cats DO have these)

Circumanal glands-- around anus. Produce Adenomas!
Term
Perineal hernias
Definition
Defects in pelvic diaphragm
Organs protrude into area around rectum
Outpocketing (sacculation) of the rectum occurs when animal strains to defecate
Leads to straining, constipation, and accidents in house
Term
Descent of the Testes
Definition
Gubernaculum- a ligament going from the abdominal testicles through the inguinal canal to the scrotum.
1. Gubernaculum enlarges inguinal canal and allows testes to descend as the gubernaculum regresses
Descent takes 7-30 days after birth for dogs.
Testes go through inguinal canal, go NEXT to vaginal process
Term
Vaginal Tunics on Testes
Definition
Parietal vaginal tunic-- outer, fibrous layer. Is cut in an open castration.

Visceral vaginal tunic--covers testis, epididymis and spermatic cord. Is on the testes whether abdominal (cryptorchid) or in scrotum.
Term
Open vs Closed Castration
Definition
the difference is whether or not the parietal vaginal tunic has been opened or not.

Open- open parietal vaginal tunic. Large and older dogs. BETTER ligature.

Closed- do not open the parietal vaginal tunic. Small dogs and cats.
Term
Epididymis
Definition
*Stores sperm before ejaculation*
Parts:
Head
Body
Tail (att to ductus deferens)

Proper ligament- tail of epididymis to testis

Ligament of the tail of the epididymis- tail to parietal vaginal tunic
Term
Ductus deferens
Definition
Transports sperm from epididymis to the urethra by contractions of smooth m.
Loops around the ureters at the bladder

Colliculus seminalis-- where ductus deferens open into the urethra.
Term
Spermatic Cord
Definition

 

Consists of:

Ductus deferens and blood supply

Testicular arteries

Testicular veins (the pampiniform plexus)

Testicular plexus of ANS nn.

Lymphatic drainage

Connective tissue

Vaginal tunic

Mesorchium- mesentery of spermatic cord

Mesoductus - mesentery lining the canal to ductus deferens?

Term
Accessory Sex Glands
Definition
Prostate gland (Dogs and cats) Palpable. Adds fluid to the ejaculate.
Dogs- surrounds urethra
Cats- dorsal and lateral to urethra

Bulbourethral gland (Cats only) - under bulbospongiosus. Not palpable
Term
Glans of the Penis
Definition
Bulbus glandis- involved in copulatory lock. Made of corpus spongiosum. Supplied by artery of the bulb of the penis.

Pars longa glandis-- supplied by dorsal artery of the penis. Distal end of penis.

In the cat it is covered in cornified spines involved in vaginal stimulation (because cats are induced ovulators)
Term
Erectile Muscles of the Penis
Definition
Corpus Cavernosum penis - deep a.

Corpus spongiosum penis - artery of the bulb

Pars longa glandis- Distal os penis Dorsal artery of the penis.
Term
Os penis
Definition
Glans penis
Urethral groove on ventral surface--where urethra sits
Term
Muscles of the Penis (non erectile)
Definition
Retractor penis m - smooth. Retracts penis.

Ischiocavernosus m. - striated. Covers crura of root of penis

Ischiourethralis m- fibrous ring around dorsal vein.Occludes venous return during erection.

Bulbospongiosus m - striated. Coversbulbs of penis.
Term
Blood Supply to Penis
Definition
Artery of the bulb- corpus spongiosum and urethra

Deep artery- Corpus cavernosum

Dorsal artery- glans and prepuce
Term
Innervation of the Penis
Definition
Hypogastric - Sympathetic

Pelvic n - Parasympathetic

Pudendal n --> Perineal n. sensory skin of anus, perineum, scrotum, motor penis muscles

--> Dorsal nerve of penis - with dorsal artery and nerve. MAIN sensory n. of penis
Term
Erection, Intromission, Copulatory lock
Definition
Initiated by compression of dorsal vein by the ischiourethralis m.

Dog penetrates with partial erection.

Constriction of dorsal vein by the constrictor vestibuli m. of agina completes the swelling of bulbous glandis

Unable to withdraw--Copulatory Lock! 5-25 minutes
Term
Female Urogenital Organs
Definition
Cervix
Vagina
Vestibule
Vulva
Term
Cervix
Definition
Between Uterine body and Vagina

Cervical Canal
Internal uterine ostium- opens into uterus

External uterine ostium - into vagina
Term
Vestibule
Definition
Urethral tubercle - opening of tubercle

Vestibular bulb- Erectile tissue

Clitoris- homologous to penis

Fossa clitoridis- Depression on floor
Term
Rima pudendi
Definition
external urogenital orifice.
Surrounded by labia
Term
Muscles of the Vagina
Definition
Constrictor vestibuli m - around urethra, vestibule, and caudal vagina. Constricts around the penis.

Constrictor vulvae m. - encircles vestibule and vulva
Term
Blood supply of Female Urogenital
Definition
Vaginal a. - caudal vagina, vestibule

Artery of clitoris - clitoris and vestibular bulbs

External pudendal a. - labia
Term
Innervation of Female urogenital
Definition
Hypogastric - Symp.
Pelvic n. - Parasymp.

Pudendal splits into Perineal and Dorsal n.

Perineal- sensory skin of anus, perineum, labia. Motor to constrictor vestibuli.

Dorsal n of clitoris- sensory to clitoris
Term
Caudal gluteal artery
Definition
To superficial gluteal muscles.

From Internal iliac a.
Gives of Iliolumbar a. and Cranial gluteal a.
Term
Internal iliac
Definition
Comes off external iliac
Gives off Umbilical a, Caudal gluteal a, Internal Pudendal
Term
Internal Pudendal a.
Definition
Comes off of Internal Iliac a.

Gives off Vaginal a or Prostatic a, Uterine a., Ventral perineal, Artery of clitoris or Artery of penis.
Term
Uterine artery
Definition
Comes off Internal pudendal a

Gives off Caudal vesical (caudal bladder) and Middle rectal (rectum/vagina)
Term
Prostatic a
Definition
Comes off Internal pudendal a.

Gives off arter of ductus deferens, Caudal vesical a., and Middle rectal a (rectum, prostate, urethra)
Term
Ventral perineal artery
Definition
Comes off of Internal pudendal a.

Gives off Caudal rectal a.
Term
Artery of the Penis
Definition
Comes off of Internal pudendal a.

Gives off Artery of the bulb, Deep artery, and Dorsal arteries of the penis
Term
Pudendal nerve
Definition
Gives off :
Caudal rectal n - external anal sphincter
Perineal n. - skin of anus, perineum, scrotum/labia
Dorsal nerve of penis/ clitoris
Term
Pelvic plexus
Definition
Lateral aspects of rectum
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic- hypogastric nn
Parasympathetic- Pelvic nn.
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