Term
| Normal for newborns to lose 10% of birth weiht in days after birth, should be back at birth weight by 2 weeks. |
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Definition
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Term
| 0-6 month olds gain __ __ a day. |
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Definition
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Term
| 6-12 month olds gain __ ounce a day. |
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Definition
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Term
| Term infants should double their weight by __ __ and triple their weight by __ __. |
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Definition
- double weight by 4 months
- triple weight by 1 year |
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Term
| __ and __ __ require specific growth charts. |
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Definition
- Achondroplasia
- Turner Syndrome |
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Term
| Criteria for growth deficiency: |
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Definition
- Deceleration of growth velocity crossing TWO major percentiles downward on a standarized growth grid
- Height or weight less than 3rd-5th percentile on multiple occasions
Exceptions:
- Preterm
- SGA
- children of genetically short stature
- Overwt infant with decreased rate of weight gain |
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Term
| Complications of Failure to Thrive: |
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Definition
LLLLPH
- Lower height and weight
- Lower verbal skills
- Less developed reading skills
- Lower social maturity
- Poorer language development
- Higher incidence of behavioral disturbances |
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Term
| 3 main causes of failure to thrive: |
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Definition
- Failure of parent to offer calories
- Failure of child to take calories
- Failure of child to retain calories |
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Term
| Growth velocity can be about height/weight or both. Height is more disturbing b/c its harder to impact. And head circumference is even harder than that to impact. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Growth deficiency
- Alopecia
- Decreased subcu fat and muscle mass
- Dehydration |
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Term
| normal infants caloric need: |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal infants formula for how many ounces formula needed? |
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Definition
| kg x 5= ounces of formula needed/day |
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Term
| Catch up infants need how many kcal/day? |
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Definition
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Term
| Formula for catch up growth to calculate amount of formula needed/day? |
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Definition
| kg x 7.5= ounces formula needed/day for catch up |
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Term
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Definition
- preserved head circumference
- weight depressed more than height
- MOST COMMON TYPE
- inadequate intake
- excessive loss
- excessive use
- inability to use |
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Term
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Definition
- normal head circumference
- height and weight proportionately decreased
- examples: familial short stature, constitutional growth delay, endocrinopathies, heart disease, renal disease, skeletal dysplasias |
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Term
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Definition
- all 3 parameters decreased (height, weight, head circumference)
- CNS abnormalities
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- In-utero or perinatal insults |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate intake of calories |
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Term
| Causes of inadequate calorice intake: |
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Definition
- Lack of appetite (PCG): psychosocial, chronic infxn or anemia, gastrointestinal disorder
- Unavailability of food: inappropriate feeding techniques or food, inadequate food, withholding
- Difficulty with ingestion: CCDMG, cerebral palsy, CNS d/o, craniofacial anomaly (clef lip), dyspnea (heart or pulmonary disease), muscular, genetic/congenital syndromes (FAS) |
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Term
| Causes of excessive loss of calories: |
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Definition
- Vomiting: increased intracranial pressure, intestinal tract obstruction, GERD, drugs
- Diarrhea: mainly bacterial gastroenteritis, parasitic infection |
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Term
| Causes for excessive use of calories: |
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Definition
| Increased metabolism/caloric need: chronic/recurrent infection (UTI,TB), Chronic respiratory insufficiency (bronchopulmonary dysplasia), congenital or aquired heart disease, Malignancy, Toxins (lead), drugs (levothyroxine), endoncrine d/o (hyperthyroidism and hyperaldosteronism) |
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Term
| causes of inadequate calorie absorption: |
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Definition
- Malabsorption: biliary atresia/cirrhosis, Celiac disease, food sensitivities/intolerance, enzymatic deficiencies, Cystif Fibrosis, IBD, Aminoacidopathies- inborn errors of CHO metabolsm
- Liver disease: cirrhosis |
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Term
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Definition
- normal birth weight and length
- as early as age 2 y/o, may see slowing of growth velocity until child reaches target percentile
- normal development
- bone age matches chronological age
- short parents |
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Term
| Constitutional growth delay: |
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Definition
- normal growth for first several months then growth velocity slows and height sustained at lower percentile
- pt drifts further from norm at pubertal age
- Begin puberty and have growth spurt later than peers, but obtain normal adult height and sexual development eventually
- Bone age matches growth and sexual development not chronological age |
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Term
| Evaluation of constitutional growth delay: |
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Definition
left hand/wrist x-ray
GH or IGF-1 compared to skeletal age, not chronological age |
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