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Peds: Failure to Thrive
Peds: Failure to Thrive
25
Anatomy
Graduate
03/02/2012

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Term
Normal for newborns to lose 10% of birth weiht in days after birth, should be back at birth weight by 2 weeks.
Definition
Term
0-6 month olds gain __ __ a day.
Definition
- one ounce/day
Term
6-12 month olds gain __ ounce a day.
Definition
0.5 ounce/day
Term
Term infants should double their weight by __ __ and triple their weight by __ __.
Definition
- double weight by 4 months
- triple weight by 1 year
Term
__ and __ __ require specific growth charts.
Definition
- Achondroplasia
- Turner Syndrome
Term
Criteria for growth deficiency:
Definition
- Deceleration of growth velocity crossing TWO major percentiles downward on a standarized growth grid
- Height or weight less than 3rd-5th percentile on multiple occasions

Exceptions:
- Preterm
- SGA
- children of genetically short stature
- Overwt infant with decreased rate of weight gain
Term
Complications of Failure to Thrive:
Definition
LLLLPH
- Lower height and weight
- Lower verbal skills
- Less developed reading skills
- Lower social maturity
- Poorer language development
- Higher incidence of behavioral disturbances
Term
3 main causes of failure to thrive:
Definition
- Failure of parent to offer calories
- Failure of child to take calories
- Failure of child to retain calories
Term
Growth velocity can be about height/weight or both. Height is more disturbing b/c its harder to impact. And head circumference is even harder than that to impact.
Definition
Term
FTT presentation:
Definition
- Growth deficiency
- Alopecia
- Decreased subcu fat and muscle mass
- Dehydration
Term
normal infants caloric need:
Definition
100 kcal/kg/day
Term
Normal infants formula for how many ounces formula needed?
Definition
kg x 5= ounces of formula needed/day
Term
Catch up infants need how many kcal/day?
Definition
150 kcal/kg/day
Term
Formula for catch up growth to calculate amount of formula needed/day?
Definition
kg x 7.5= ounces formula needed/day for catch up
Term
Type I GD:
Definition
- preserved head circumference
- weight depressed more than height
- MOST COMMON TYPE
- inadequate intake
- excessive loss
- excessive use
- inability to use
Term
Type II GD:
Definition
- normal head circumference
- height and weight proportionately decreased
- examples: familial short stature, constitutional growth delay, endocrinopathies, heart disease, renal disease, skeletal dysplasias
Term
Type III GD:
Definition
- all 3 parameters decreased (height, weight, head circumference)
- CNS abnormalities
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- In-utero or perinatal insults
Term
MCC of Type I GD:
Definition
inadequate intake of calories
Term
Causes of inadequate calorice intake:
Definition
- Lack of appetite (PCG): psychosocial, chronic infxn or anemia, gastrointestinal disorder
- Unavailability of food: inappropriate feeding techniques or food, inadequate food, withholding
- Difficulty with ingestion: CCDMG, cerebral palsy, CNS d/o, craniofacial anomaly (clef lip), dyspnea (heart or pulmonary disease), muscular, genetic/congenital syndromes (FAS)
Term
Causes of excessive loss of calories:
Definition
- Vomiting: increased intracranial pressure, intestinal tract obstruction, GERD, drugs
- Diarrhea: mainly bacterial gastroenteritis, parasitic infection
Term
Causes for excessive use of calories:
Definition
Increased metabolism/caloric need: chronic/recurrent infection (UTI,TB), Chronic respiratory insufficiency (bronchopulmonary dysplasia), congenital or aquired heart disease, Malignancy, Toxins (lead), drugs (levothyroxine), endoncrine d/o (hyperthyroidism and hyperaldosteronism)
Term
causes of inadequate calorie absorption:
Definition
- Malabsorption: biliary atresia/cirrhosis, Celiac disease, food sensitivities/intolerance, enzymatic deficiencies, Cystif Fibrosis, IBD, Aminoacidopathies- inborn errors of CHO metabolsm
- Liver disease: cirrhosis
Term
Familial Short Stature:
Definition
- normal birth weight and length
- as early as age 2 y/o, may see slowing of growth velocity until child reaches target percentile
- normal development
- bone age matches chronological age
- short parents
Term
Constitutional growth delay:
Definition
- normal growth for first several months then growth velocity slows and height sustained at lower percentile
- pt drifts further from norm at pubertal age
- Begin puberty and have growth spurt later than peers, but obtain normal adult height and sexual development eventually
- Bone age matches growth and sexual development not chronological age
Term
Evaluation of constitutional growth delay:
Definition
left hand/wrist x-ray

GH or IGF-1 compared to skeletal age, not chronological age
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