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PCC PNS Final Unit
Peripheral Nervous System at Palmer
135
Anatomy
Graduate
05/11/2011

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Term
Psoas Major
Definition
Innervation: Muscular nerves from 2L, 3L

Action: Flex lumbar Spine
Term
Quadratus Lumborum
Definition
Innervation: Muscular Nerves from 1L-3L

Action: Flex Lumbar Spine
Term
Psoas Minor
Definition
Innervation: Muscular nerves from 1L

Action: Weak flexor of lumbar spine
Term
Muscular Nerves
Definition
FF: Upper spinal nerves of the Lumbar Plexus
Supply the Loin muscles: Psoas Major & Minor and Quadratus Lumborum
Term
Iliohypogastric Nerve
Definition
FF: 12T L1

Supplies: Skin and Fascia over Lateral gluteal region and suprapubic area
Term
Skin and fascia over lateral gluteal region
Definition
Inervation: Iliohypogastric Nerve
Term
Skin and fascia over Suprapubic area
Definition
Innervation: Iliohypogastric Nerve
Term
Illioinguinal Nerve
Definition
FF: 12T 1L

I: Lower Anterior abdominal Muscles:
recus abdominus
transversus abdominus
obliquus abdominus externus and internus
pyramidalis
Cutaneous:
Medial aspect of the femoral triangle
Base of Penis (F Mons Pubis)
Upper Scrotum (F Labia Majora)
Upper medial thigh
Term
Rectus abdominus
Definition
Ilioinguinal nerve
Term
Transversus abdominus
Definition
Ilioinguinal nerve
Term
Obliquus abdominus (externus and internus)
Definition
Ilioinguinal
Term
Pyramidalis
Definition
Ilioinguinal N
Term
Cutaneous supply to Upper medial aspect of femoral triangle
Definition
Ilioinguinal N
Term
Cutaneous supply to the base of the penis (F Mons Pubis)
Definition
Ilioinguinal N.
Term
Cutaneous supply to the upper scrotum (F labia majora)
Definition
Ilioinguinal Nerve
Term
Cutaneous supply to the upper medial thigh
Definition
Ilioinguinal N.
Term
Genitofemoral nerve
Definition
FF: 1L 2L

Innervates:
Cremaster muscle
Scrotum (F labia majora)
Upper medial thigh
Lateral aspect of the femoral triangle)

Test: Cremasteric reflex
Term
Cremaster Muscle
Definition
Genitofemoral N.
Term
Cutaneous supply for Scrotum (F Labia Majora)
Definition
Genitofemoral N.
Term
Cutaneous supply for upper medial thigh
Definition
Genitofemoral N.
Term
Cutaneous supply for lateral aspect of the femoral triangle
Definition
Genitofemoral N.
Term
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Definition
FF: 2L 3L

Supplies skin and fascia along lateral aspect of the thigh to the knee.
Term
Cutaneous supply for the lateral aspect of the thigh, to the knee
Definition
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Term
Obterator Nerve
Definition
FF: 2L-4L

Innervations:
Skin and fascia above the adductors
Adductor Longus
Adducctor Brevis
Gracilis
Pectineus
The hip and knee joints
Gives off Anterior and Posterior branches
Term
Medial femoral cutaneous plexus
Definition
FF: cutaneous branches of Anterior branch of Obterator N.
Medial anterior femoral cutaneous N.
and the Great Saphenous N.
Supplies: skin and fascia over the distal 3/4 of the medial aspect of the thigh.
Term
Anterior Branch of Obterator Nerve
Definition
Gives off cutaneous branches to the medial femoral cutaneous plexus
Term
Posterior Obterator Nerve
Definition
Innervates:
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Obterator externum
articular fibers to supply the knee joint.
Term
Accessory Obterator Nerve
Definition
FF: 3L or 3L-4L
May be absent
Supplies Hip joint and pectineus M.
Term
Femoral Nerve
Definition
FF 2L-4L
Largest branch of lumbar plexus
Supplies:
Hip Joint
Knee joint
Muscles of Anterior thigh
Skin and Fascia of the: anterior and medial thigh, ateromedial leg, and medial border of the foot.
Term
Femoral Nerve
Branches in the abdomen
Definition
Muscular branches to Iliacus

Vascular Branches to Femoral Artery
Term
Femoral Nerve
Branches in femoral triangle
Definition
Articular: hip and knee
Muscular: Sartorius
Pectineus
Quadriceps femoris group: vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedialis, rectus femoris, and articularis genu
Cutaneous: represented by anterior femoral cutaneous nerves(Intermidiate and Medial)and great saphenous nerve.
Term
Intermediate anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Definition
2 branches supplying distal 3/4 of middle anterior thigh
Motor fibers to lower part of Sartorius
Term
Medial Branch Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Definition
Supplies distal 1/2 of the medial anterior thigh to the knee.
Help form the patellar plexus.
Term
Great (long) saphenous nerve
Definition
Continuation of the main trunk of the femoral nerve.
Branches in the thigh communicate with the obturator nerve to form the medial femoral cutaneous plexus.
Branches at the knee communicate with the anterior femoral cutaneous nerves to form the patellar plexus.
Leg branches supply the skin and fascia over the antero-medial aspect of the leg and medial border of the foot.
Term
Femoral nerve impairment
Definition
May result in diminished patellar reflex
and/or
Hypoaesthesia of the anterior thigh and anterior medial leg.
Term
Nerve to the quadratus femoris and Gemellus inferioris
Definition
FF: L4, L5, and S1
Supplies: Quadratus femoris
Gemellus Inferioris
Term
Nerve to Gemellus superioris and Obterator Internum
Definition
FF L5, S1, and S2
Innervates Gemellus Superioris and Obterator internum
Term
Quadratus Femoris
Definition
Innervated by Nerve to Quadratis femoris and Gemellus inferioris (L4,L5, and S1)
Term
Gemellus inferioris
Definition
Innervated by nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferioris (L4,L5,S1)
Term
Gemellus Superioris
Definition
Innervated by nerve to the Gemellus superioris and obturator internum (L5,S1,S2)
Term
Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves
(Nervi Erigentes)
Definition
FF:2S,3S,4S
Parasympatheric, replace vagus at distal colon.
Contribute to gangliated plexuses in pelvic cavity, especially Pelvic Plexus.
Pelvic Plexus innervates urinary bladder, prostate gland/seminal vesicle or uterus/vagina, rectum, and cavernous blood sinuses of the erectile corpora of the penis or clitoris.
Term
The Pudendal Nerve
Definition
FF: 2S-4S
Principle nerve to the perineum.
Splits into Perineal and inferior rectal nerve.
Principle component of the pudendal plexus.
Term
Inferior (hemorrhoidal) rectal Nerve
Definition
Supplies skin and fascia about the anus and the sphincter ani externum muscle.
Term
Perineal Nerve
Definition
Main trunk of the pudendal nerve
Passes through Alcock's (pudendal) canal
Has 2 branches:
Posterior Scrotal/Labial
Dorsal nerve to the penis/clitoris
Term
Posterior scrotal/labial
Definition
Primary cuutaneous for respective areas
Term
Dorsal nerve to penis/clitoris
Definition
sensory for the penis or clitoris and muscular fibers for the urogenital muscles.
Serves as a vehicle for pelvic splanchnic nerves that are concerned with vasodilation (erection) of the penis or clitoris.
Term
Lesser (small) Sciatic (posterior femoral cutaneous) Nerve
Definition
FF: 1S, front and back parts of 2S and 3S
Gives off cutaneous nerves to the back part of the perineum and cunial (gluteal) region
Supplies: Skin and fascia of the upper calf
Communicates with the Sural N.
Term
Branches of the Anterior Collateral Group
Definition
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Gemellus Inferioris
Nerve to Gemellus superioris and obterator internum
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves (Nervi Erigentes)
Pudendal Nerve
Lesser Sciatic Nerve
Term
Branches of the Posterior Collateral Group
Definition
Nerve to Piriformis
Muscular Nerves
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Perforating Cutaneous Nerve
Great Sciatic Nerve
Term
Nerve to Piriformis
Definition
FF: 2S
Branch of the posterior collateral group.
Term
Muscular Nerves
Definition
FF: 3S, 4S
Supply:
Levator Ani
Coccygeus
Sphincter Ani Externum
Term
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Definition
Fibers from 4L-1S
Supplies:
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle
Term
Levator Ani
Definition
I:Muscular Nerves (3S,4S)
Term
Coccygeus
Definition
I:Muscular Nerves(3S,4S)
Term
Shincter ani externum
Definition
I:Muscular Nerves(3S,4S)
Term
Gluteus medius
Definition
I:Superior Gluteal N.(4L-1S)
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
I:Superior Gluteal N.(4L-1S)
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
Definition
I:Superior Gluteal Nerve(4L-1S)
Term
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Definition
FF:5L-2S
I: Gluteus Maximus Muscle
Term
Principle extensor of the thigh
Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
I:Inferior Gluteal N (5L-2S)
Term
Perforating Cutaneous Nerve
Definition
FF:2S,3S
I:Skin and fascia over the lower medial aspects of the buttocks
Term
Cutaneous supply to skin and fascia over the lower medial aspects of the buttocks
Definition
Perforating Cutaneous Nerve
Term
Great Sciatic Nerve
Definition
FF:4L-3S
2 components:Common Fibular and Tibial that seperate in popliteal fossa
Term
Common Fibular
Definition
FF:Posterior Parts of 4L-2S
Comparable to the radial nerve
Supplies: Skin and Fascia, muscles, and blood vessels of the anterior leg and dorsum of the foot.
Branches:
Muscular Branch
Articular N.
Lateral Sural Cutaneous N
Deep Fibular N
Superficial Fibular N
Term
Muscular Branch of Common Fibular
Definition
I: Short head of biceps femoris
Term
Articular nerve from Common Fibular
Definition
I: the knee joint
Term
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
Definition
FF: Common Fibular Nerve(4L-2S)
I: skin and fascia over proximal 2/3 of the lateral aspect of the calf.
Gives off communicating fibular N. which joins the medial sural cutaneous nerve of the tibial to form the sural nerve
Term
Deep Fibular N.
Definition
FF: Common fibular N(4L-2S)
I: Anterior Tibial Vessels, Tibialis anticus, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and fibularis tertius, Extensor digitorum brevis, extensor Hallucis brevis, and blood vessels and joints on the dorsum of the foot
Term
Piriformis
Definition
I: Nerve to pirformins (2S, *1S)
A branch of the posterior collateral group.
Term
Muscular nerves of the Poterior Collateral group
Definition
FF:3S, 4S
I: Levator Ani
Coccygeus
Sphincter ani externum
Term
Levator ani
Definition
I: Muscular nerves from the posterior collateral group of lesser sciatic (3S,4S)
Term
Coccygeus
Definition
I: Muscular nerves from the posterior collateral group of lesser sciatic (3S,4S)
Term
Sphincter Ani Externum
Definition
I: Muscular nerves from the posterior collateral group of lesser sciatic (3S,4S)
Term
Superior gluteal nerve
Definition
FF: 4L-1S
I: Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata
Term
Gluteus medius
Definition
I: Superior Gluteal N (4L-1S)
a branch of the posterior collateral group of the lesser sciatic
Term
Gluteus minimus
Definition
I: Superior Gluteal N (4L-1S)
a branch of the posterior collateral group of the lesser sciatic
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
Definition
I: Superior Gluteal N (4L-1S)
a branch of the posterior collateral group of the lesser sciatic
Term
Inferior Gluteal N.
Definition
FF: 5L-2S
I: Gluteus Maximus (principle extensor of the thigh)
A branch of the posterior collateral group of the lesser sciatic
Term
*Perforating Cutaneous N.
Definition
FF: 2S,3S
I: skin and fascia over the lower medial aspects of the buttocks
Term
skin and fascia over the lower medial aspects of the buttocks
Definition
I: Perforating Cutaneous N. (2S,3S)
a branch or the posterior collateral group of the lesser sciatic N.
Term
Great Sciatic N.
Definition
FF: 4L-3S
2 components: Common Fibular
Tibial
Term
Common Fibular N.
Definition
FF: 4L-2S
Comparable to the radial N of the arm
Term
Branches of the common fibular while part of sciatic trunk
Definition
Muscular branch
articular nerve
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
Deep Fibular
Superficial Fibular
Term
Muscular Branch of Common Fibular
Definition
I: Biceps femoris
Term
Articular nerve from Common Fibular N
Definition
to the knee joint
Term
Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve
Definition
Branch of Common Fibular N
Supplies skin and Fascia over proximal 2/3 of the lateral aspect of the calf.
Term
Deep Fibular Nerve
Definition
Branch of Comon Fibular N.
I: Anterior tibial vessels and muscles:
Tibialis anticus
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
!Extensor digitorum brevis
!Extensor hallucis brevis
!Blood vessels and joints on dorsum of foot

! supplied by terminal branch
Term
Superficial Fibular
Definition
I: Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis
Cutaneous N for anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot and toes
Term
Tibial N.
Definition
(4L-3S)
Branches while part of sciatic trunk:
Muscular branches
Articular nerve
Muscular nerves
Medial sural cutaneous N
Sural N
Term
Muscular branches of Tibial While still part of the sciatic trunk
Definition
Hamstrings (except short head of biceps femoris)
Long head of biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendonosis
*Aductor Magnus
Term
Tibial Nerve branch while part of sciatic trunk
Articular nerve
Definition
Supplies the knee
Term
Muscular Nerves of Tibial While still part of the sciatic trunk
Definition
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posticus
Flexor digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis longus
Term
Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, Solius
Definition
I: Muscular nerves of tibial nerve while part of sciatic trunk
Term
Plantaris, tibialis posticus
Definition
I: Muscular nerves of Tibial While still part of the sciatic trunk
Term
Flexor digitorum longus
Definition
I: Muscular nerves of Tibial While still part of the sciatic trunk
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longis
Definition
I: Muscular nerves of Tibial While still part of the sciatic trunk
Term
Medial sural cutaneous nerve
Definition
Given off between the two heads of gastrocnemius
Join communicating peroneal nerve to form the sural nerve
Term
Sural Nerve
Definition
Travels inferolaterally thru calf with short saphenous vein.
I: Skin and fascia:
calf
lateral ankle and heel
lateral border of foot
Joints: ankle and tarsal
Term
Branches of tibial in the leg and foot
Definition
Muscular nerves
Vascular fibers
Medial calcaneal nerve
Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve
Term
Muscular nerves given off of tibial nerve in calf and foot
Definition
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
plantaris
tibial posticus
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
Term
Vascular fibers of the tibial
Definition
I: posterior tibial artery and vein
Term
Medial calcaneal nerve
Definition
FF: Tibial nerve
I: skin and fascia of the medial, posterior, and inferior heel
Term
Medial Plantar nerve
Definition
Ends as 7 plantar digital cutaneous nerves. Gives off branches
Muscular: flexor Hallucis brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Lumbriclas I and II
Cutaneous: skin and fascia of the medial 3/4 of the plantar aspect of the foot and toes (medial 3 1/2 digits)
Vascular and articular: related blood vessels, medial plantar joint, joints on sole of the foot
Term
Nerve comparable to median nerve of upper extremity
Definition
Medial plantar nerve
Term
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Muscular Branches
Definition
abductor digiti quinti
Flexor digiti quinti
Adductor hallucis
Lumbricals III and IV
Plantar and Dorsal interossei
Quadratus plantae
Term
What nerve of the foot is somewhat comparable to the Ulnar nerve?
Definition
The lateral plantar nerve
Term
Abductor digiti quinti
Flexor Digiti Quinti
Definition
I: Lateral plantar N.
Term
Adductor Hallucis
Definition
Lateral plantar nerve
Term
Quadratus plantae
Definition
I: Lateral plantar nerve
Term
Lumbricals III, IV
Definition
I: Lateral Plantar N.
Term
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Cutaneous Branches
Definition
Supply lateral 1/4 of the plantar aspect of the foot and toes (lateral 1 1/2 digits)
Term
Cutaneous supply of lateral 1/4 of the plantar aspect of the foot
Definition
I: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Term
Common Fibular Involvement (impairment)
Definition
Flacid paralysis, hyporeflexia, and hypotonicity of...
Muscles that pronate, abduct, evert, and flex the foot and extend the toes.
=DROPFOOT results in Stepage gait
Hypoaesthesia and atrophy can also occur
Term
Tibial Nerve Involvement
Definition
Hammer toes
Pronation
CLAW FOOT
Diminished achillest reflex
Dificult painful walking
Pain in gluteal/femoral areas
Term
Pudendal Plexus
Definition
Part of sacral plexus
Formed from ventral primary division of 2S, 3S, 4S
Term
Pudendal Plexus
Branches
Definition
Pudendal Nerve
Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (Nervi Erigentes)
Muscular Nerves
Term
Pudendal Nerve
Definition
FF: 2S-4S
Exit Pelvis: Great Sciatic Forament
Re-enters Pelcis: Lesser sciatic foramen
Splits into inferior rectal (hemorrhoidal: sphincter ani externum M. and skin and fascia around anus
Perineal Nerve: divides into posterior scrotal/labial nerve and dorsal nerve to penis/clitoris
Term
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves (Nervi Erigentes)
Definition
FF: 2S-4S
Parasympathetic pregganglionic visceral efferent fibers
Synapse with: *Cells in inferior hypogastric Plexus (supply urogenital organs)
Mesenteric Plexus (supply descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum)
Term
Urinary Bladder Innervation
Definition
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves synapsing with cells in inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
Prostate gland innervation
Definition
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves synapsing with cells in inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
Seminal vesicle innervation
Definition
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves synapsing with cells in inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
Cavernous blood sinuses of the erectile corpora
Definition
Pelvic Splanchnic nerves synapsing with cells in inferior hypogastric plexus
Term
Pudendal Plexus
Muscular Nerves
Definition
FF 3S, 4S
Supply coccygeus, levator ani, sphincter ani externum muscles
Term
Coccygeus
Definition
I: Muscular nerves from pudendal plexus
Term
Levator ani
Sphincter ani externum
Definition
Muscular nerves from pudendal plexus
Term
Coccygeal Plexus
Definition
FF: Ventral primary divisions of 4S,5S and Co1-5
Supplies: Levator Ani, Coccygeus, Sphincter ani externum
Sacrococcygeal ligaments
Skin and fascia anround coccyx and behind anus
Term
Autonomic
Definition
Refers only to peripheral visceral efferent (motor) elements
Term
Tissues directly controlled by PV system
Definition
smooth muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Glandular tissue
Term
Main anatomical difference between peripheral Somatic and visceral efferent systems.
Definition
Only 1 neuron is required by the somatic system
2 neurons required by the visceral.
Term
Location of Neuron in somatic efferent system
Definition
Nucleus of origin (e.g. ambiguous) or anterior gray column.
Term
Visceral Efferent Neurons
Definition
One in the CNS (in a visceral nucleus of origin, e.g. ala cinerea or lateral gray collumn)
One in the periphery. (most often in paravertebral ganglia)
Term
Post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system are generally considered...
Definition
prevertebral ganglionic cells.
Term
Peripheral Visceral Afferent Division
Cell body location
Definition
Posterior spinal nerve root ganglia or ganglia associated with certain cranial nerves.
Term
Craniosacral Division of Peripheral Visceral Nervous System
Definition
Linked to the brain by oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.
Linked to the midsacral spinal cord levels 2S, 3S, and 4S
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