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Definition
| Eye moved rostral in orbit; eye sticking out. |
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| Eye moved back into orbit; eye sunken in. |
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Definition
| Enlarged eye (think glaucoma). |
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| Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. |
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Definition
| Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye. |
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Term
| Eye Exam (what to look for) |
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Definition
-Symmetry
-Lesions
-Conformation
-Tests: Schrimer Tear Test, Flourescein Staining, Tonometry, Opthalmoscopy |
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Definition
-Inflammation/swelling of eyelids
-cause: allergens, viral, bacterial
-Treatment: antibiotics-topical or systemic or antifungals, corticosteroids, warm compress |
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Term
| Hypertrophy of Nictitans Gland (Cherry Eye) |
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Definition
-Idiopathic
-Predispostion: cockers, bostons, english bulldog.
-T: Surgical replacement, AVOID removal of gland. |
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Term
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Definition
-inflammation of conjunctiva
-Canine: noninfectious, identify underlying cause (immune mediated, allergic, anatomic)
-Feline: infectious, *FHV*, calicivirus, Chlamydia, mycoplasma
-FLOURESCENT STAIN=evaluate for ulcers; conjunctival cytology
-T: lysine, antibiotics |
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Term
| Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) |
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Definition
-most common ocular Dx in cattle worldwide**
-pinkeye
-Moraxella bovis
-S: rapidly spread, conjunctivitis, photophobia, blepharospasm, epiphora (extra tear production).
-T: good management, vaccine, antibiotics (bulbar conjunctival injections w/ penicillin). |
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Term
| Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) |
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Definition
-decreased tear production
-70% tears orbital gland, 30% nictitans gland
-Causes: immune mediated destruction of lacrimal gland**, drug toxicity, distemper virus, breed disposition.
-D: STT less than 15mm, flourescent dye to show ulcers
-T: cyclosporine (optimune) lifelong, topical tear ointments, parotid duct transposition
-Dry eye causatives= sulfadrugs & atropine |
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Term
| Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus) |
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Definition
-slowly progressive non-painful inflammatory Dx of cornea
-bilateral
-GERMAN SHEPS
-idiopathic
-raised, pinkish-white granulation tissue, thickening/depigmentation of 3rd eyelid
-T: not cureable-lifelong therapy, topicals (corticosteroids or cyclosporine, doggles) |
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Term
| Ulcerative Keratitis (Ulcers) |
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Definition
-trauma, foreign objects, diseases, abonormalities
-S: blepharospasm, epiphora, conjunctival hyperemia, neovascularization
-D: FLOURESCENT STAIN
-if ulcers take up Stain=Superficial
-if ulcer Doesn't take up stain=Deep
-T: Topicals (Atropine, antibiotics, serum, *Oral pain meds, contacts), Surgery (grid keratotomy, conjunctival flap)
-***NSAIDS/Steroids will NOT allow unlcer to heal!! |
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Term
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Definition
-opacity of lens
-rare in cats |
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Term
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Definition
| -normal increase in density (hardning) of lens |
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Term
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Definition
-inflammation of iris, ciliary body, & choroid (anterior chamber)
-causes: trauma, foreign body, neoplasia, infectious (Canine=tick, fungal,lepto,viral,toxo, Feline=FIV, FIP, FeLV, Toxo, Equine=Lepto, onchocerca)
-S: miosis, *aqueous flare (increase in protein cells), blepharospasm, episleral congestion (redness in eye), +/- hypopyon
-***MOONBLINDNESS= Equine Recurrent Uveitis
-D: Low IOP LT 15mm Hg
-T: Mydriatic, decrease inflammation (topical steroids if no ulcer)
-Complications: secondary glaucoma, cataract, lens luxation |
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Term
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Definition
-Increase in IOP
-Primary Causes: abnormally formed filtration angle, hereditary in cockers, bassets & samoyeds.
-Secondary Causes: Trauma, lens luxation, Anterior uveitis.
-S: Pain (blepharospasm), episcleral congestion, mydriatic pupil, corneal edema, bupthalmos
-D: IOP, **GONIOSCOPY (checks outflow&filtration angle)
-T:**DECREASE IOP (Mannitol, gylcerol), increase drainage (latanoprost), decrease production of aqueous humor (dorzolamide, timolol), surgery (visual eye=cyclocryosurgery to decrease A.H. production by destoying ciliary body, Blind eye-enucleation. |
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Term
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Definition
-congenital inherited ocular deficit
-area of choroidal or chorioretinal hypoplasia (focal pale area lateral to optic disc)
-retinal detatchment 2-5%
-intraocular hemorrhage may occur
-vision not affected unless retinal detachment |
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Term
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Definition
-Orbit: small animal=fibroma or meningioma, food animal=lymphoma, older animals=unilateral.
-Eyelids: Dogs=Meibomian gland adenoma, Cats/Horses/Cows= SCC |
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Term
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Definition
***Emergency
-replace ASAP for vision, 50% regain vision
-trauma |
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Term
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Definition
-parasites
-foreign body
-hypersensitivities
-endocrine
-autoimmune
-polyps
-neoplasia |
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Term
| Otitis (perpetuating & predisposing factors) |
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Definition
-Perpetuating Factors: bacterial infection, yeast, chronic changes in yeast, otitis media.
-Predisposing factors: conformation, frequent bathing/swim, latrogenic, treatment errors. |
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Term
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Definition
-pruritis/pain, head rubbing/scratching/shaking/tilt, aural hematoma, otic discharge, decreased hearing.
-D: otoscopic exam, microscopic exam (mites), cytology (bacteria/yeast), culture.
-**Malassezia
-T: various topical products |
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Term
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Definition
-skin scrape
-cytology (direct smear/fine needle aspirate)
-tape preps
-fungal culture
-biopsy
-intradermal skin testing |
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