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Part 3 digestive
digestive
17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/18/2012

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Term
During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, there is an increased flow of
Definition
action potentials along the VAGUS nerve to the stomach.
Term
The production of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by:
Definition
a.The central nervous system (CNS): long reflex: NEURAL REGULATION
b.The stomach wall (local or short reflex): LOCAL REGULATION
c.Digestive tract hormones: HORMONAL REGULATION
Term
Gastric phase of the gastric digestion is triggered by the entry of
Definition
food into the stomach.
Term
Intestinal phase of gastric secretion:
Definition
a.Involves both neural and endocrinal reflexes to function in controlling the RATE of gastric emptying.
b.Begins when CHYME enters the small intestine
Term
Digested materials move across the intestinal wall by:
Definition
active transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and co-transport /counter-transport)
Term
The absorption of some electrolytes in the small intestine involves CO-TRANSPORT/counter transport or ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Definition
a.Sodium ions are actively transported out of absorptive cells by sodium-potassium pump
b.Chloride: counter transport
Term
ENTERO-GASTRIC REFLEX:
Definition
a.Involves both neural and endocrinal reflexes
b.Is triggered when pH of chyme is too low (pH acidic))
c.Decreases gastric motility
d.Decreases gastric secretion
Term
GASTRO-ILEAL REFLEX:
Definition
a.Increases gastric secretion
b.Increases peristaltic activities
c.Makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the COLON
d.Involves both neural and endocrinal reflexes
Term
Function of the large intestine include;
Definition
a.Reabsorption of water and compact the feces
b.Temporary fecal storage
c.Absorption of vitamin K produced by bacterial metabolism
Term
At the hepatic flexure the colon becomes the___. At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes ____
Definition
transverse colon
the descending colon
Term
Approximately the LAST 15 cm of the digestive tract is
Definition
the RECTUM
Term
The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is
Definition
the CECUM
Term
____ are external pouch of the colon
Definition
HAUSTRA
Term
_____are three longitudinal bands of muscles located beneath the serosa of the colon
Definition
TAENIA COLI
Term
The pH of the oral cavity is ___ .The pH of the stomach is ____. The pH of pancreatic fluid ___
Definition
7.0.
acidic 1.8-2.0
is Alkaline >7.0
Term
Digestion of lactose results in large amounts of the
Definition
monosaccharides GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE
Term
Mechanism of defecation
Definition
a.Stretch receptors in the rectal wall initiate a series of peristaltic contractions in the colon and rectum
b.Stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate parasympathetic center in the SACRAL (S2) area of the spinal cord (PELVIC NERVES)
c.Internal anal sphincter relaxes: OPEN (involuntary)
d.External sphincter relaxes: OPEN ( voluntary relaxation of the external sphincter by the PUDENDAL NERVES to eliminate feces)
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