Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 cestode orders of veterinary importance |
|
Definition
| cyclophyllidea and pseudophyllidea |
|
|
Term
| do cestodes have pseudocoelom or cellular parenchyma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surface of the tapeworm is covered in a... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| microtriches structure and function |
|
Definition
| microvilli on the tegument that increase SA for absorption |
|
|
Term
| source of nutrition for tapeworm |
|
Definition
| all absorption and some excretion occurs through the tegument - there is no alimentary tract |
|
|
Term
| describe cestode alimentary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is absorption of nutrients active or passive |
|
Definition
| largely active, altho some simple diffusion does occur |
|
|
Term
| describe the gross structure of the cestode |
|
Definition
| flattened except at the anterior end - live closely applied to mucosal surface of intest, aids absorption of nutrients (aa, glu etc) |
|
|
Term
| where in the SI do cestodes live |
|
Definition
| with one flat side closely applied to the mucosal surface of the intestine |
|
|
Term
| system of cells that deal with excretion and osmoregulation |
|
Definition
| flame cell system - cells that are connected to excretory canals that run the entire length of the body |
|
|
Term
| how is the cestode capable of mvt |
|
Definition
| there are mm cells in the parenchyma - they are capable of considerable mvt (daily migration up and down intestine) |
|
|
Term
| body of the cestode is divided into 3 main regions |
|
Definition
1.scolex (pl. scolices)
2. neck
3. strobila |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most anterior part. structure that attaches the cestode to the intest wall. has suckers and commonly hooks |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| highly active region from which the tapeworm segments grow |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| chain of proglottids caudal to the neck. Proglottids grow from the neck therefore the most cd are the most mature |
|
|
Term
| what sex is each proglottid |
|
Definition
| hermaphrodite - both male and female genital tracts open at the same genital pore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proglottids closest to the neck, they are incompletely dvp'd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a state of hermaphrodism in which the male organs develop in the proglottids before the female organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| segments in which either set of genetalia are fully dvpd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| segments in which the uterus contains large numbers of fertilised eggs |
|
|
Term
| how do Cyclophyllidea release eggs into faeces |
|
Definition
| the eggs themselves are not released from the gravid segment, they accumulate until it is full and the gravid segment then breaks off and passes out in the faeces. it is still alive and wriggles around distributing eggs |
|
|
Term
| how do Pseudophyllidea release eggs into faeces |
|
Definition
| gravid segments remain attached to the strobila and eggs pass out through the uterine pore and are passed into the faeces. The segment later degenerates and is broken off. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delicate outer mb. thick embryophore within, enclosing a sperical embryo - hexacanth (has 3 pairs of hooks). It is infective as soon as the egg is fully dvpd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embryo of Cyclophyllidea with 3 pairs of hooks. within the embryophore |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the thick layer below the thin outer mb, surrounding the hexacanth embryo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have a shell with single operculum. a period of dvt outside the egg b4 the emb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have a shell with single operculum. a period of dvt outside the egg b4 the embryo, ciliated with 6 hooks - Coracidium, is fully dvpd |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the spherical, ciliated embryo of Pseudophyllidea, also with 6 hooks |
|
|
Term
| what is the order of cestodes that is of greatest vet importance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyclophyllidea are adapted to what type of hosts and LC's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pseudophyllidea are adapted to what type of host and LC |
|
Definition
| aquatic, LC's depend on water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4 round suckers, sometimes with small hooks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fixed or retractible anterior prolongation of the scolex. in most spp. has one or more rows of hooks |
|
|
Term
| Cyclophyllidea: repro organs |
|
Definition
| one or two sets of male and female organs per segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1+ testes discharge via vasa efferentia into a vas deferens. Vas deferens opens at genital pore through a protrusible cirrus |
|
|
Term
| Cyclophyllidea: position of genital pore |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one bilobed ovary discharges into the oviduct. two canals leave the oviduct - one to the ootype, one to the genital pore. Vitelline glands discharge into the ootype. Ootype is surrounded by the Mehlis' gland. Ootype leads to the uterus (blind ending) fertilised eggs accumulate in the uterus |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Protoscolices in small thin walled sacs of germinal ep, within the hydatid cyst |
|
|
Term
| What happens when brood capsules b/c detached |
|
Definition
| the fall to the bottom of the cyst fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, with both germinal and laminated layers that form inside and outside of the original 'mother cyst'. they can give rise to brood capsules |
|
|
Term
| what type of hosts does hydatid sand form in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sediment comprising single scolices, brood capsules and occ daughter cysts at the bottom of hydatid cysts. |
|
|
Term
| describe the modified hydatid cyst of Ecchinococcus multilocularis |
|
Definition
| thick laminated cuticle is absent and the cyst wall proliferates new cysts to the outside as well as protoscolices inside resulting in a multilocular cyst that can metastasis to various sites in the body |
|
|
Term
| what happens if a hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus b/cs damaged or constricted by host tissue |
|
Definition
| secondary cysts may dvp that five the appearance of a multilocular structure. occurs mostly in cattle, they are always bounded by a laminated layer - id histologically |
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cysticercus cellulosae is the larva of what cestode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cysticercus bovis is the larva of what cestode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the larvae of Taenia saginata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cysticercus ovis is the larva of what cestode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coenurus cerebrallis is the larva of what cestode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the larva of Taenia multiceps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gut factor causes evagination of the protoscolices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many protoscolices dvp in a cysticercus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what ways do coenurus and hydatid cysts differ from each other |
|
Definition
| hydatid cyst has laminated layer and brood capsules, coenurus does not. |
|
|
Term
| in which larval cysts does multiplication take place |
|
Definition
| coenurus and hydatid cysts |
|
|
Term
| what stage is passed in the faeces (Cylcophyllidae) |
|
Definition
| gravid segment containing infective eggs |
|
|
Term
| what stage of Cyclophyllidae is infective for IH |
|
Definition
| eggs containing hexacanth embryo (there has to be dvt after release in faeces for eggs to b/c infective) |
|
|
Term
| what Cyclophyllidae stage is infective for DH |
|
Definition
| Protoscolex contained in cyst of one or other type |
|
|
Term
| Where are adult Taeniid cestodes found |
|
Definition
| SI of carnivores and humans |
|
|
Term
| Taeniid LC depends on what relationship b/t IH and DH |
|
Definition
| predator/prey, or scavengers |
|
|
Term
| Where are larval stages of Taeniids found |
|
Definition
| metacestodes are found in the mammals also |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic importance - public health and meat quality |
|
|
Term
| Taeniid morph: what does the scolex have |
|
Definition
| 4 suckers with no hooks, fixed rostellum w 2 rows of hooks (characteristic shape) |
|
|
Term
| Taeniid morph: segments - repro |
|
Definition
| one set of male and female genitalia per segment |
|
|
Term
| Taeniid morph: where do the genital pores open |
|
Definition
| they alternated irregularly b/t each side of the segments |
|
|
Term
| Taeniid morph: shape of gravid segments |
|
Definition
| longer than they are wide |
|
|
Term
| Taeniid morph: uterus shape |
|
Definition
| sac with many lateral pockets. contains eggs |
|
|
Term
| Taeniid morph: larvae type |
|
Definition
| depending on spp, either cysticercus, coenurus or hydatid cyst. never a cysticercoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sheep, goat, cattle, pig, deer |
|
|
Term
| Taenia hydatigena larva name meaning |
|
Definition
| Cysticercus tenuicollis - tenui = long, narrow, collis = neck |
|
|
Term
| Diameter of Cysticercus tenuicollis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Cysticercus tenuicollis found |
|
Definition
| in abdominal cavity of IH enclosed and attached by a layer of visceral or parietal peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| LC of Taenia hydatigena in IH |
|
Definition
| ingestion of egg - hatches in intest - embryo migrates to liver in portal blood - wanders in liver parenchyma for 3-4 weeks (haemorrhagic tracts) - breaks through liver capsule - falls into abdominal cavity - attaches to visceral/abdominal wall - b/c's enclosed in peritoneum - cyst (w fluid) and protoscolex dvp (5-6 weeks) until mature and may remain alive as long as ani does |
|
|
Term
| when is Cysticercus tenuicollis infective to DH |
|
Definition
| 5-6 weeks after the egg has been ingested by IH, but continues to grow long after this time |
|
|
Term
| Significance of Taenia hydatigena |
|
Definition
| damaged livers are rejected at meat inspection, cysts in abd cavities are unacceptable and are removed at meat inspection |
|
|
Term
| cestode that causes "sheep measles" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Cysticercus ovis found |
|
Definition
| intramuscular CT of IH, most frequently in heart or diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long are Cysticercus ovis infective for |
|
Definition
| approx 2 months - after this they begin to degenerate, many b/c filled with caseous pus and degenerate |
|
|
Term
| is there any involvment of the liver for Cysticercus ovis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ingestion of egg by IH - hatches in SI due to digestive enzymes and bile - embryo passes into systemic circulation - reaches mm tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Significance of Taenia ovis |
|
Definition
| very import cause of meat quality prob's, meat may be unfit for human consumption if there are too many cysts, even tho it is not infective to humans. rejected meat can be used for fertiliser or ani feed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IH of Taenia Taeniaeformis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Larva of Taenia taeniaeformis |
|
Definition
| modified cysticercus - strobilocercus = Cysticercus fasciolaris |
|
|
Term
| where is Cysticercus fasciolaris found |
|
Definition
| in liver of IH (rats/mice) |
|
|
Term
| Cysticercus fasciolaris is what type of larva |
|
Definition
| strobilocercus - modified cysticercus |
|
|
Term
| Cysticercus fasciolaris is the larva of what cestode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LC of Taenia taeniaeformis |
|
Definition
| typical for cestode - ingestion - hatches in SI - enters portal blood - wanders in liver - busts through capsule - into abd cavity |
|
|
Term
| Signigicance of Taenia taeniaeformis |
|
Definition
| it is common in cats, no public health significance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where would you find Cysticercus bovis |
|
Definition
| intramuscular CT, most often in tongue, heart and masseter mm |
|
|
Term
| size of Cysticercus bovis cysts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Size of adult Taenia hydatigena |
|
Definition
| up to 5m, but usually <1m long |
|
|
Term
| Length of adult Taenia ovis |
|
Definition
| up to 1m long, usually less |
|
|
Term
| Length of adult Taenia taeniaeformis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Length of adult Taenia saginata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typical Cylcophyllidae LC |
|
|
Term
| Route of infection for Taenia saginata IH |
|
Definition
| cattle b/c infected by humans defaecating in or near paddocks or feedlots, or when human sewage is used to irrigate paddocks. |
|
|
Term
| Route of infection of Taenia saginata DH |
|
Definition
| humans infected by eating raw or inadequately cooked infected beef |
|
|
Term
| Morphology of Taenia saginata is distinctive how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Significance of Taenia saginata |
|
Definition
| no common in NZ, but does occur. cattle c/c's must be inspected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Length of adult Taenia solium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Cysticercus cellulosae found in IH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typical LC - hatches in IH SI - portal blood - intramuscular CT - ingestion by DH - protoscolex evaginates in SI |
|
|
Term
| Significance of Taenia solium |
|
Definition
| not in NZ. may dvp in the CNS of humans, countries where it's common, it's a public health prob |
|
|
Term
| The Taeniid scolex has how many suckers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the Taeniid rostellum fixed or protrusible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many rows of hooks does the Taeniid rostellum bear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cestode may be aquired by a dog feeding on a dead sheep c/c |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the 'hydatid tapeworm' |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morphology of adul Echinococcus granulosus |
|
Definition
| small cestode, only 3-4 segments, w v large gravid segment |
|
|
Term
| There are several subspecies of Echinococcus granulosus adapted for diff IH's, name some |
|
Definition
| Echinococcus granulosus granulosus (sheep IH), Echinococcus granulosus equinus |
|
|
Term
| If Echinococcus granulosus granulosus cysts dvp in ani's (IH) other than the norm IH (sheep) what happens |
|
Definition
| they are sterile with no protoscolices |
|
|
Term
| What is the common sub-sp of Echinococcus granulosus in NZ |
|
Definition
| Echinococcus granulosus granulosus |
|
|
Term
| DH of Echinococcus granulosus |
|
Definition
| no matter what the subspecies, the DH is dog and close relatives, wolf, fox, coyote |
|
|
Term
| LC of Echinococcus granulosus |
|
Definition
| gravide segment is shed, eggs are immediately infective (and highly resistant unless dessicated), IH ingest the egg, hatches in SI, hydatid cysts dvp in liver and lungs, dog ingests untreated, infected offal. |
|
|
Term
| how often does Echinococcus granulosus shed a gravid segment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IH's of Echinococcus granulosus are usually what type of animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are Echinococcus granulosus eggs resistant or fragile |
|
Definition
| resistant for long periods of time, unless dessicated |
|
|
Term
| size of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| size of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in humans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three layers of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst |
|
Definition
1.germinal layer
2.laminated layer
3.adventitious layer |
|
|
Term
| from what layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst do protoscolices and brood capsules dvp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what dvps from the germinal layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst |
|
Definition
| protoscolices and brood capsules |
|
|
Term
| what is the laminated layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the laminated layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst made up of |
|
Definition
| concentric layers of amorphous material secreted by the parasite. unique to hydatid cysts |
|
|
Term
| what layer of the hydatid cyst is unique to them and distinguishes them from other cysts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the outer layer of the hydatid cyst |
|
Definition
| adventitious layer- fibrous tissue derived from the host |
|
|
Term
| how long may it take for a hydatid cyst to b/c infective in a sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of hydatid cyst fluid and what secretes it? |
|
Definition
| it is secreted by the germinal ep and it protects the protoscolices enclosing them in a nutrient medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulations of protoscolices and brood capsules |
|
|
Term
| how does the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus |
|
Definition
| by ingesting untreated, infected offal |
|
|
Term
| how does the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus b/c infected |
|
Definition
| by ingesting untreated, infected offal |
|
|
Term
| CLinical signs of Echinococcus granulosus infection |
|
Definition
| usually there are no clinical signs, but large burdens may produce enteritis |
|
|
Term
| minimum PPP of Echinococcus granulosus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do humans b/c infected with Echinococcus granulosus |
|
Definition
| by ingestion of infective eggs from infected dogs, the cysts are not infective to humans |
|
|
Term
| what is the length of the adult Echinococcus granulosus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what organs on the iH are cysts of Echinococcus granulosus found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where in the dog is Echinococcus granulosus found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| by what does Echinococcus granulosus attache to the wall of the SI of the dog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the inner most layer of the hydatid cyst |
|
Definition
| secretion of cyst fluid, proliferation of protoscolices and brood capsules |
|
|
Term
| name the DH and IH of Echinococcus multilocularis |
|
Definition
| DH: dog, fox, cat; IH: rodents |
|
|
Term
| Diplylidium caninum is a common parasite of what animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the lenght of the adult Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the Dipylidium caninum scolex |
|
Definition
| retractible rostellum with 4-6 rows of thorn-like hooks |
|
|
Term
| Segments of Dipylidium caninum have how many sets of genetalia per segment |
|
Definition
| duplicate sets of male and female organs |
|
|
Term
| where is the genital pore of Dipylidium caninum located |
|
Definition
| lateral border of the segments |
|
|
Term
| How are eggs packaged in Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
| in egg capsules - each capsule holds up to 20 eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eggs are ingested by larvae of fleas/nymphs of biting lice (usually fleas) - as the arthropod dvps, the cestode larva dvps into a cysticercoid (persists into adult stage of arthropod) - DH ingests arthropod while grooming |
|
|
Term
| PPP of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IH of Dipylidium caninum are usually |
|
Definition
| Dog flea - Ctenocephalides canis OR cat flea - Ctenocephalides felis, occasionally the human flea - Pules irritans |
|
|
Term
| Lice that may be IH for Dipylidium caninum are |
|
Definition
| dog lice - Trichodectes canis OR cat lice - Felicola subrostratus |
|
|
Term
| Significance of Dipylidium caninum |
|
Definition
| has little effect on hosts except where large burdens are present in young ani's, |
|
|
Term
| name the only adult cestode found in horses in NZ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHere are Anoplocephala perfoliata found |
|
Definition
| in terminal SI and caecum (around ileo-caeco-colic junction) of horse. may cause severe inflam here |
|
|
Term
| what is the length of the adult Anoplocephala perfoliata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anoplocephala perfoliata segment morphology |
|
Definition
| segments are much wider than they are long |
|
|
Term
| describe the Anoplocephala perfoliata scolex |
|
Definition
| has no rostellum or hooks. lappet = flap-like extension of the integument beneath each sucker |
|
|
Term
| Where are Moniezia sp cestodes found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the scolex of Moniezia spp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moniezia spp segments - how many sets of repro organs per segment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moniezia expansa occurs in which spp |
|
Definition
| sheep, goats and to a lesser extent other rts |
|
|
Term
| Moniezia benedeni infects which sp |
|
Definition
| cattle, but uncommon in nz |
|
|
Term
| how are M.benedeni and M.expansa differentiated |
|
Definition
| on their maximum width (B>E) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common in young rt's but of no pathological significance. ani's dvp resistance and reject most. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| free-living pasturemites of family Orbatidae |
|
|
Term
| what type of larval stage is Moniezia spp |
|
Definition
| cysticercoid - infects free-living pasture mite |
|
|
Term
| Route of infection of IH by Moniezia |
|
Definition
| eggs are eaten by Oribatidae mite, mite tears it's way into the body cavity of the mite and dvps into a cysticercoid |
|
|
Term
| Route of infection of DH by moniezia |
|
Definition
| infected mites are ingested accidentally while grazing |
|
|
Term
| Cestode of importance in poultry - most pathogenic poultry cestode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IH and DH of Davainea proglottina |
|
Definition
| IH - slugs and snails, DH - poultry |
|
|
Term
| Raillietina spp IH and DH |
|
Definition
| IH - beetles, ants, cockraoches and flies, DH - poultry |
|
|
Term
| how are the gravid segments of Dipylidium caninum distinguishable from Taeniids |
|
Definition
| D.caninum - in capsules with 2 genital pores, Taeniids - no capsules, 1 genital pore |
|
|
Term
| Pseudophyllidea have what instead of suckers |
|
Definition
| 2 bothria (longitudinal suctorial grooves) with no hooks |
|
|
Term
| where is the genital pore of Pseudophyllidea placed on the proglotiids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Pseudophyllidea eggs shed |
|
Definition
| they are shed while the gravid segment is still attached to the strobila |
|
|
Term
| what is the embryo of Pseudophyllidea called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many hooks does the coracidium have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three larval stages that the Pseudophyllidea LC involves |
|
Definition
1.coracidium
2.procercoid
3.plerocercoid |
|
|
Term
| how many IH does the Pseudophyllidea LC involve |
|
Definition
| 2 - one vertebrate and one invertebrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eggs passed in faeces - if eggs are in water coracidium dvps - hatches in water (in response to light) - free swiming - ingested by first IH: aquatic crustacean - in the crustacean the procercoid dvps - first IH ingested by second IH (fish, amphibian, reptile) - dvps to plerocercoid in 2nd IH in mm - DH infected by ingestion of 2nd IH |
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Term
| how long is the coracidium infective for |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solid- bodied larva with 6 hooks at one end |
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Term
| where does the plerocercoid dvp in the 2nd IH |
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Definition
|
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Term
| describe the plerocercoid |
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Definition
| elongate with a scolex invaginated at one end (Pseudophyllidea) |
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Term
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Definition
| when the 2nd IH is ingested by an abnorm vertebrate host, the larva enters the ani's tissues and dvps there but does not differentiate into a tapeworm. the larva is called a sparganum. |
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Term
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Definition
| when an ani that is not the norm DH is infected by a Pseudophyllidea cestode and the larva infects the muscles and dvps there |
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Term
| Name the 2 Pseudophyllidea cestodes to know |
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Definition
| Diphyllobothrium latum and Spirometra erinacei |
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Term
| what is the first and second IH of Diphyllobothrium latum |
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Definition
| 1 - freshwater crustacean, 2 - fish |
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Term
| what is the DH of Diphyllobothrium latum |
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Definition
| humans, dogs, cats (sometimes other carnivores) |
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Term
| how does the DH of Diphyllobothrium latum b/c infected |
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Definition
|
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Term
| prevalence of Diphyllobothrium latum |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Significance of Diphyllobothrium latum |
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Definition
| selectively absorbs and accumulates vit B12 competing w the host inducing clinical vitamin deficiency - pernicious anaemia |
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Term
| DH of Spirometra erinacei |
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Definition
| feral cats, dogs, dingo's, foxes |
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Term
| first IH of Spirometra erinacei |
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Definition
| freshwater crustacean (in which the procercoid dvps) |
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Term
| second IH of Spirometra erinacei |
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Definition
| frogs, lizards, snakes, rodents, marsupials, pigs |
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Term
| how is the DH of Spirometra erinacei infected |
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Definition
| ingesting plerocercoids within the second IH |
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Term
| potential for humans in NZ to get sparginosis from Spirometra erinacei |
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Definition
| ingestion of raw feral pig meat |
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Term
| what is the name of the family of cestodes otherwise known as 'thorny headed worms' |
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Definition
| Acanthocephala (hook-head) |
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|
Term
| where do adults of Acanthocephala live |
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Definition
| in intestines of vertebrates - mostly fish and birds |
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|
Term
| body shape of Acanthocephala |
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Definition
| body is cylindrical and 'worm-like' |
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|
Term
| what is the Acanthocephala tegument like |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the Acanthocephala alimaentary tract like |
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Definition
| doesn't have one - all absorption takes place through the tegument |
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|
Term
| where does Acanthocephala get it's nutrients |
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Definition
| absorption through the tegument, don't have an alimentary tract |
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|
Term
| describe the Acanthocephala probiscis |
|
Definition
| anterior end - a retractible attachment organ armed with hooks |
|
|
Term
| are Acanthocephala hermaphrodite or not |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the Acanthocephala female - egg fert and laying |
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Definition
| eggs are fertilised free within the body - sorted by the 'uterine bell' - organ that sorts eggs into mature and immature eggs. Mature eggs pass into the vagina and are expelled. |
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|
Term
| Describe Acanthocephala eggs |
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Definition
| elongate with a thick shell composed of several layers |
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|
Term
| If Acanthocephala DH lives in/on water (fish or birds) what type of IH does it have |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of IH will an Acanthocephala have if it's DH lives on (rodents, pigs) and |
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Definition
| arthropods eg. cockroaches and beetles |
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Term
| Macrocathorhynchus hirudinaceus is what type of cestode |
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Definition
| Pseudophyllid - Acanthocephalan |
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|
Term
| What is the DH for Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus |
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Definition
| Pig mainly, also domesticated animals in warmer climates - very rare in NZ |
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|
Term
| Where in the DH does Macrancathorhynchus hirudinaceus live |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the IH's of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus |
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Definition
| dung beetles, water beetles, may bugs, cockroaches |
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|
Term
| How is the Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus worm attached to the DH intest |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus LC |
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Definition
| eggs pass out - ingested by Beetle - pig eats beetle |
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|
Term
| Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus PPP |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical signs of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection |
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Definition
| most infections are subclinical, heavy burdens may cause ill-thrift, may perforate intest and cause peritonitis |
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Term
| where in NZ is Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where in NZ is Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus |
|
Definition
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