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Parasitology
Cestoda for CBT 2
236
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
04/20/2009

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Term
'tapeworms'
Definition
segmented platyhelminths
Term
platyhelminth
Definition
flat worm
Term
organ of cestodes
Definition
SI
Term
LC type of cestodes
Definition
always indirect
Term
2 cestode orders of veterinary importance
Definition
cyclophyllidea and pseudophyllidea
Term
do cestodes have pseudocoelom or cellular parenchyma
Definition
cellular parenchyma
Term
surface of the tapeworm is covered in a...
Definition
tegument
Term
microtriches structure and function
Definition
microvilli on the tegument that increase SA for absorption
Term
source of nutrition for tapeworm
Definition
all absorption and some excretion occurs through the tegument - there is no alimentary tract
Term
describe cestode alimentary tract
Definition
there is none
Term
is absorption of nutrients active or passive
Definition
largely active, altho some simple diffusion does occur
Term
describe the gross structure of the cestode
Definition
flattened except at the anterior end - live closely applied to mucosal surface of intest, aids absorption of nutrients (aa, glu etc)
Term
where in the SI do cestodes live
Definition
with one flat side closely applied to the mucosal surface of the intestine
Term
system of cells that deal with excretion and osmoregulation
Definition
flame cell system - cells that are connected to excretory canals that run the entire length of the body
Term
how is the cestode capable of mvt
Definition
there are mm cells in the parenchyma - they are capable of considerable mvt (daily migration up and down intestine)
Term
body of the cestode is divided into 3 main regions
Definition
1.scolex (pl. scolices)
2. neck
3. strobila
Term
describe scolex
Definition
most anterior part. structure that attaches the cestode to the intest wall. has suckers and commonly hooks
Term
describe neck
Definition
highly active region from which the tapeworm segments grow
Term
describe strobila
Definition
chain of proglottids caudal to the neck. Proglottids grow from the neck therefore the most cd are the most mature
Term
what sex is each proglottid
Definition
hermaphrodite - both male and female genital tracts open at the same genital pore
Term
immature segments
Definition
proglottids closest to the neck, they are incompletely dvp'd
Term
what is protandry
Definition
a state of hermaphrodism in which the male organs develop in the proglottids before the female organs
Term
define mature segments
Definition
segments in which either set of genetalia are fully dvpd
Term
define gravid segment
Definition
segments in which the uterus contains large numbers of fertilised eggs
Term
how do Cyclophyllidea release eggs into faeces
Definition
the eggs themselves are not released from the gravid segment, they accumulate until it is full and the gravid segment then breaks off and passes out in the faeces. it is still alive and wriggles around distributing eggs
Term
how do Pseudophyllidea release eggs into faeces
Definition
gravid segments remain attached to the strobila and eggs pass out through the uterine pore and are passed into the faeces. The segment later degenerates and is broken off.
Term
Cyclophyllidean eggs
Definition
delicate outer mb. thick embryophore within, enclosing a sperical embryo - hexacanth (has 3 pairs of hooks). It is infective as soon as the egg is fully dvpd
Term
define hexacanth
Definition
embryo of Cyclophyllidea with 3 pairs of hooks. within the embryophore
Term
what is the embryophore
Definition
the thick layer below the thin outer mb, surrounding the hexacanth embryo
Term
Psuedophyllidea eggs
Definition
have a shell with single operculum. a period of dvt outside the egg b4 the emb
Term
Psuedophyllidea eggs
Definition
have a shell with single operculum. a period of dvt outside the egg b4 the embryo, ciliated with 6 hooks - Coracidium, is fully dvpd
Term
what is a coracidium
Definition
the spherical, ciliated embryo of Pseudophyllidea, also with 6 hooks
Term
what is the order of cestodes that is of greatest vet importance
Definition
Cyclophlyllidea
Term
Cyclophyllidea are adapted to what type of hosts and LC's
Definition
terrestrial
Term
Pseudophyllidea are adapted to what type of host and LC
Definition
aquatic, LC's depend on water
Term
Cyclophyllidea scolex
Definition
4 round suckers, sometimes with small hooks
Term
Cyclophyllidea rostellum
Definition
a fixed or retractible anterior prolongation of the scolex. in most spp. has one or more rows of hooks
Term
Cyclophyllidea: repro organs
Definition
one or two sets of male and female organs per segment
Term
Cyclophyllidea: male
Definition
1+ testes discharge via vasa efferentia into a vas deferens. Vas deferens opens at genital pore through a protrusible cirrus
Term
Cyclophyllidea: position of genital pore
Definition
lateral on segment
Term
Cyclophyllidea: female
Definition
one bilobed ovary discharges into the oviduct. two canals leave the oviduct - one to the ootype, one to the genital pore. Vitelline glands discharge into the ootype. Ootype is surrounded by the Mehlis' gland. Ootype leads to the uterus (blind ending) fertilised eggs accumulate in the uterus
Term
Describe brood capsule
Definition
Protoscolices in small thin walled sacs of germinal ep, within the hydatid cyst
Term
What happens when brood capsules b/c detached
Definition
the fall to the bottom of the cyst fluid
Term
what are daughter cysts
Definition
small, with both germinal and laminated layers that form inside and outside of the original 'mother cyst'. they can give rise to brood capsules
Term
what type of hosts does hydatid sand form in
Definition
vertebrate IH only
Term
what is hydatid sand
Definition
sediment comprising single scolices, brood capsules and occ daughter cysts at the bottom of hydatid cysts.
Term
describe the modified hydatid cyst of Ecchinococcus multilocularis
Definition
thick laminated cuticle is absent and the cyst wall proliferates new cysts to the outside as well as protoscolices inside resulting in a multilocular cyst that can metastasis to various sites in the body
Term
what happens if a hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus b/cs damaged or constricted by host tissue
Definition
secondary cysts may dvp that five the appearance of a multilocular structure. occurs mostly in cattle, they are always bounded by a laminated layer - id histologically
Term
Larvae of Taenia solium
Definition
Cysticercus cellulosae
Term
Cysticercus cellulosae is the larva of what cestode
Definition
Taenia solium
Term
Cysticercus bovis is the larva of what cestode
Definition
Taenia saginata
Term
what is the larvae of Taenia saginata
Definition
Cysticercus bovis
Term
Cysticercus ovis is the larva of what cestode
Definition
Taenia ovis
Term
Coenurus cerebrallis is the larva of what cestode
Definition
Taenia multiceps
Term
what is the larva of Taenia multiceps
Definition
Coenurus cerebralis
Term
what gut factor causes evagination of the protoscolices
Definition
bile salts
Term
how many protoscolices dvp in a cysticercus
Definition
one
Term
what ways do coenurus and hydatid cysts differ from each other
Definition
hydatid cyst has laminated layer and brood capsules, coenurus does not.
Term
in which larval cysts does multiplication take place
Definition
coenurus and hydatid cysts
Term
what stage is passed in the faeces (Cylcophyllidae)
Definition
gravid segment containing infective eggs
Term
what stage of Cyclophyllidae is infective for IH
Definition
eggs containing hexacanth embryo (there has to be dvt after release in faeces for eggs to b/c infective)
Term
what Cyclophyllidae stage is infective for DH
Definition
Protoscolex contained in cyst of one or other type
Term
Where are adult Taeniid cestodes found
Definition
SI of carnivores and humans
Term
Taeniid LC depends on what relationship b/t IH and DH
Definition
predator/prey, or scavengers
Term
Where are larval stages of Taeniids found
Definition
metacestodes are found in the mammals also
Term
significance of Taeniids
Definition
economic importance - public health and meat quality
Term
Taeniid morph: what does the scolex have
Definition
4 suckers with no hooks, fixed rostellum w 2 rows of hooks (characteristic shape)
Term
Taeniid morph: segments - repro
Definition
one set of male and female genitalia per segment
Term
Taeniid morph: where do the genital pores open
Definition
they alternated irregularly b/t each side of the segments
Term
Taeniid morph: shape of gravid segments
Definition
longer than they are wide
Term
Taeniid morph: uterus shape
Definition
sac with many lateral pockets. contains eggs
Term
Taeniid morph: larvae type
Definition
depending on spp, either cysticercus, coenurus or hydatid cyst. never a cysticercoid
Term
DH of Taenia hydatigena
Definition
dogs
Term
IH of Taenia hydatigena
Definition
sheep, goat, cattle, pig, deer
Term
Taenia hydatigena larva name meaning
Definition
Cysticercus tenuicollis - tenui = long, narrow, collis = neck
Term
Diameter of Cysticercus tenuicollis
Definition
up to 10cm
Term
Where are Cysticercus tenuicollis found
Definition
in abdominal cavity of IH enclosed and attached by a layer of visceral or parietal peritoneum
Term
LC of Taenia hydatigena in IH
Definition
ingestion of egg - hatches in intest - embryo migrates to liver in portal blood - wanders in liver parenchyma for 3-4 weeks (haemorrhagic tracts) - breaks through liver capsule - falls into abdominal cavity - attaches to visceral/abdominal wall - b/c's enclosed in peritoneum - cyst (w fluid) and protoscolex dvp (5-6 weeks) until mature and may remain alive as long as ani does
Term
when is Cysticercus tenuicollis infective to DH
Definition
5-6 weeks after the egg has been ingested by IH, but continues to grow long after this time
Term
Significance of Taenia hydatigena
Definition
damaged livers are rejected at meat inspection, cysts in abd cavities are unacceptable and are removed at meat inspection
Term
cestode that causes "sheep measles"
Definition
Taenia ovis
Term
DH of Taenia ovis
Definition
dog
Term
IH of Taenia ovis
Definition
sheep and goats
Term
Larva of Taenia ovis
Definition
Cysticercus ovis
Term
Where is Cysticercus ovis found
Definition
intramuscular CT of IH, most frequently in heart or diaphragm
Term
size of Cysticercus ovis
Definition
5 x 8mm
Term
how long are Cysticercus ovis infective for
Definition
approx 2 months - after this they begin to degenerate, many b/c filled with caseous pus and degenerate
Term
is there any involvment of the liver for Cysticercus ovis
Definition
no
Term
LC of Taenia ovis
Definition
ingestion of egg by IH - hatches in SI due to digestive enzymes and bile - embryo passes into systemic circulation - reaches mm tissue
Term
PPP of Taenia ovis
Definition
5 weeks
Term
Significance of Taenia ovis
Definition
very import cause of meat quality prob's, meat may be unfit for human consumption if there are too many cysts, even tho it is not infective to humans. rejected meat can be used for fertiliser or ani feed
Term
Taenia taeniaeformis DH
Definition
cat
Term
IH of Taenia Taeniaeformis
Definition
mice and rats
Term
Larva of Taenia taeniaeformis
Definition
modified cysticercus - strobilocercus = Cysticercus fasciolaris
Term
where is Cysticercus fasciolaris found
Definition
in liver of IH (rats/mice)
Term
Cysticercus fasciolaris is what type of larva
Definition
strobilocercus - modified cysticercus
Term
Cysticercus fasciolaris is the larva of what cestode
Definition
Taenia taeniaeformis
Term
LC of Taenia taeniaeformis
Definition
typical for cestode - ingestion - hatches in SI - enters portal blood - wanders in liver - busts through capsule - into abd cavity
Term
Signigicance of Taenia taeniaeformis
Definition
it is common in cats, no public health significance
Term
DH of Taenia saginata
Definition
humans
Term
IH of Taenia saginata
Definition
cattle
Term
Larva of Taenia saginata
Definition
Cysticercus bovis
Term
where would you find Cysticercus bovis
Definition
intramuscular CT, most often in tongue, heart and masseter mm
Term
size of Cysticercus bovis cysts
Definition
6 x 10mm
Term
Size of adult Taenia hydatigena
Definition
up to 5m, but usually <1m long
Term
Length of adult Taenia ovis
Definition
up to 1m long, usually less
Term
Length of adult Taenia taeniaeformis
Definition
up to 60cm
Term
Length of adult Taenia saginata
Definition
up to 25m long
Term
LC of Taenia saginata
Definition
typical Cylcophyllidae LC
Term
Route of infection for Taenia saginata IH
Definition
cattle b/c infected by humans defaecating in or near paddocks or feedlots, or when human sewage is used to irrigate paddocks.
Term
Route of infection of Taenia saginata DH
Definition
humans infected by eating raw or inadequately cooked infected beef
Term
Morphology of Taenia saginata is distinctive how
Definition
no rostellum or hooks
Term
Significance of Taenia saginata
Definition
no common in NZ, but does occur. cattle c/c's must be inspected
Term
Taenia solium DH
Definition
humans
Term
Length of adult Taenia solium
Definition
up to 7m long
Term
IH of Taenia solium
Definition
pigs
Term
Larca of Taenia solium
Definition
Cysticercus cellulosae
Term
Where is Cysticercus cellulosae found in IH
Definition
intramuscular CT
Term
LC of Taenia solium
Definition
typical LC - hatches in IH SI - portal blood - intramuscular CT - ingestion by DH - protoscolex evaginates in SI
Term
Significance of Taenia solium
Definition
not in NZ. may dvp in the CNS of humans, countries where it's common, it's a public health prob
Term
The Taeniid scolex has how many suckers
Definition
4
Term
Is the Taeniid rostellum fixed or protrusible
Definition
fixed
Term
how many rows of hooks does the Taeniid rostellum bear
Definition
2 rows
Term
what cestode may be aquired by a dog feeding on a dead sheep c/c
Definition
Taenia ovis
Term
what is the 'hydatid tapeworm'
Definition
Echinococcus granulosus
Term
Morphology of adul Echinococcus granulosus
Definition
small cestode, only 3-4 segments, w v large gravid segment
Term
There are several subspecies of Echinococcus granulosus adapted for diff IH's, name some
Definition
Echinococcus granulosus granulosus (sheep IH), Echinococcus granulosus equinus
Term
If Echinococcus granulosus granulosus cysts dvp in ani's (IH) other than the norm IH (sheep) what happens
Definition
they are sterile with no protoscolices
Term
What is the common sub-sp of Echinococcus granulosus in NZ
Definition
Echinococcus granulosus granulosus
Term
DH of Echinococcus granulosus
Definition
no matter what the subspecies, the DH is dog and close relatives, wolf, fox, coyote
Term
LC of Echinococcus granulosus
Definition
gravide segment is shed, eggs are immediately infective (and highly resistant unless dessicated), IH ingest the egg, hatches in SI, hydatid cysts dvp in liver and lungs, dog ingests untreated, infected offal.
Term
how often does Echinococcus granulosus shed a gravid segment
Definition
every 2nd or 3rd day
Term
IH's of Echinococcus granulosus are usually what type of animals
Definition
ungulates
Term
are Echinococcus granulosus eggs resistant or fragile
Definition
resistant for long periods of time, unless dessicated
Term
size of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in sheep
Definition
5-10cm
Term
size of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in humans
Definition
50cm
Term
what are the three layers of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst
Definition
1.germinal layer
2.laminated layer
3.adventitious layer
Term
from what layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst do protoscolices and brood capsules dvp
Definition
germinal layer -
Term
what dvps from the germinal layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst
Definition
protoscolices and brood capsules
Term
what is the laminated layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst also known as
Definition
laminated cuticle
Term
what is the laminated layer of the Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst made up of
Definition
concentric layers of amorphous material secreted by the parasite. unique to hydatid cysts
Term
what layer of the hydatid cyst is unique to them and distinguishes them from other cysts
Definition
laminated layer/cuticle
Term
what is the outer layer of the hydatid cyst
Definition
adventitious layer- fibrous tissue derived from the host
Term
how long may it take for a hydatid cyst to b/c infective in a sheep
Definition
~20 months
Term
what is the purpose of hydatid cyst fluid and what secretes it?
Definition
it is secreted by the germinal ep and it protects the protoscolices enclosing them in a nutrient medium
Term
what is hydatid sand
Definition
accumulations of protoscolices and brood capsules
Term
how does the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus
Definition
by ingesting untreated, infected offal
Term
how does the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus b/c infected
Definition
by ingesting untreated, infected offal
Term
CLinical signs of Echinococcus granulosus infection
Definition
usually there are no clinical signs, but large burdens may produce enteritis
Term
minimum PPP of Echinococcus granulosus
Definition
34 days
Term
How do humans b/c infected with Echinococcus granulosus
Definition
by ingestion of infective eggs from infected dogs, the cysts are not infective to humans
Term
what is the length of the adult Echinococcus granulosus
Definition
4-6mm long
Term
in what organs on the iH are cysts of Echinococcus granulosus found
Definition
lungs and liver
Term
where in the dog is Echinococcus granulosus found
Definition
SI
Term
by what does Echinococcus granulosus attache to the wall of the SI of the dog
Definition
rostellum and hooks
Term
what is the function of the inner most layer of the hydatid cyst
Definition
secretion of cyst fluid, proliferation of protoscolices and brood capsules
Term
name the DH and IH of Echinococcus multilocularis
Definition
DH: dog, fox, cat; IH: rodents
Term
Diplylidium caninum is a common parasite of what animals
Definition
dog and cat
Term
what is the lenght of the adult Dipylidium caninum
Definition
up to 20cm or more
Term
describe the Dipylidium caninum scolex
Definition
retractible rostellum with 4-6 rows of thorn-like hooks
Term
Segments of Dipylidium caninum have how many sets of genetalia per segment
Definition
duplicate sets of male and female organs
Term
where is the genital pore of Dipylidium caninum located
Definition
lateral border of the segments
Term
How are eggs packaged in Dipylidium caninum
Definition
in egg capsules - each capsule holds up to 20 eggs
Term
LC of Dipylidium caninum
Definition
eggs are ingested by larvae of fleas/nymphs of biting lice (usually fleas) - as the arthropod dvps, the cestode larva dvps into a cysticercoid (persists into adult stage of arthropod) - DH ingests arthropod while grooming
Term
PPP of Dipylidium caninum
Definition
3-4 weeks
Term
IH of Dipylidium caninum are usually
Definition
Dog flea - Ctenocephalides canis OR cat flea - Ctenocephalides felis, occasionally the human flea - Pules irritans
Term
Lice that may be IH for Dipylidium caninum are
Definition
dog lice - Trichodectes canis OR cat lice - Felicola subrostratus
Term
Significance of Dipylidium caninum
Definition
has little effect on hosts except where large burdens are present in young ani's,
Term
name the only adult cestode found in horses in NZ
Definition
Anoplocephala perfoliata
Term
prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata
Definition
v common in NZ
Term
WHere are Anoplocephala perfoliata found
Definition
in terminal SI and caecum (around ileo-caeco-colic junction) of horse. may cause severe inflam here
Term
what is the length of the adult Anoplocephala perfoliata
Definition
8-10cm long
Term
Anoplocephala perfoliata segment morphology
Definition
segments are much wider than they are long
Term
describe the Anoplocephala perfoliata scolex
Definition
has no rostellum or hooks. lappet = flap-like extension of the integument beneath each sucker
Term
Where are Moniezia sp cestodes found
Definition
SI of ruminants
Term
Describe the scolex of Moniezia spp
Definition
has no rostellumor hooks
Term
Moniezia spp segments - how many sets of repro organs per segment
Definition
2
Term
Moniezia expansa occurs in which spp
Definition
sheep, goats and to a lesser extent other rts
Term
Moniezia benedeni infects which sp
Definition
cattle, but uncommon in nz
Term
how are M.benedeni and M.expansa differentiated
Definition
on their maximum width (B>E)
Term
significance of Moneizia
Definition
common in young rt's but of no pathological significance. ani's dvp resistance and reject most.
Term
IH of both Moniezia spp
Definition
free-living pasturemites of family Orbatidae
Term
what type of larval stage is Moniezia spp
Definition
cysticercoid - infects free-living pasture mite
Term
Route of infection of IH by Moniezia
Definition
eggs are eaten by Oribatidae mite, mite tears it's way into the body cavity of the mite and dvps into a cysticercoid
Term
Route of infection of DH by moniezia
Definition
infected mites are ingested accidentally while grazing
Term
Cestode of importance in poultry - most pathogenic poultry cestode
Definition
Davainea proglottina.
Term
IH and DH of Davainea proglottina
Definition
IH - slugs and snails, DH - poultry
Term
Raillietina spp IH and DH
Definition
IH - beetles, ants, cockraoches and flies, DH - poultry
Term
how are the gravid segments of Dipylidium caninum distinguishable from Taeniids
Definition
D.caninum - in capsules with 2 genital pores, Taeniids - no capsules, 1 genital pore
Term
Pseudophyllidea have what instead of suckers
Definition
2 bothria (longitudinal suctorial grooves) with no hooks
Term
where is the genital pore of Pseudophyllidea placed on the proglotiids
Definition
placed centrally
Term
How are Pseudophyllidea eggs shed
Definition
they are shed while the gravid segment is still attached to the strobila
Term
what is the embryo of Pseudophyllidea called
Definition
coracidium
Term
how many hooks does the coracidium have
Definition
6
Term
What are the three larval stages that the Pseudophyllidea LC involves
Definition
1.coracidium
2.procercoid
3.plerocercoid
Term
how many IH does the Pseudophyllidea LC involve
Definition
2 - one vertebrate and one invertebrate
Term
Pseudophyllidea LC
Definition
eggs passed in faeces - if eggs are in water coracidium dvps - hatches in water (in response to light) - free swiming - ingested by first IH: aquatic crustacean - in the crustacean the procercoid dvps - first IH ingested by second IH (fish, amphibian, reptile) - dvps to plerocercoid in 2nd IH in mm - DH infected by ingestion of 2nd IH
Term
how long is the coracidium infective for
Definition
only a few hours
Term
describe the procercoid
Definition
solid- bodied larva with 6 hooks at one end
Term
where does the plerocercoid dvp in the 2nd IH
Definition
in the muscles
Term
describe the plerocercoid
Definition
elongate with a scolex invaginated at one end (Pseudophyllidea)
Term
what is a 'sparganum'
Definition
when the 2nd IH is ingested by an abnorm vertebrate host, the larva enters the ani's tissues and dvps there but does not differentiate into a tapeworm. the larva is called a sparganum.
Term
what is sparginosis
Definition
when an ani that is not the norm DH is infected by a Pseudophyllidea cestode and the larva infects the muscles and dvps there
Term
Name the 2 Pseudophyllidea cestodes to know
Definition
Diphyllobothrium latum and Spirometra erinacei
Term
what is the first and second IH of Diphyllobothrium latum
Definition
1 - freshwater crustacean, 2 - fish
Term
what is the DH of Diphyllobothrium latum
Definition
humans, dogs, cats (sometimes other carnivores)
Term
how does the DH of Diphyllobothrium latum b/c infected
Definition
ingestion of raw fish
Term
prevalence of Diphyllobothrium latum
Definition
not present in NZ
Term
Significance of Diphyllobothrium latum
Definition
selectively absorbs and accumulates vit B12 competing w the host inducing clinical vitamin deficiency - pernicious anaemia
Term
DH of Spirometra erinacei
Definition
feral cats, dogs, dingo's, foxes
Term
first IH of Spirometra erinacei
Definition
freshwater crustacean (in which the procercoid dvps)
Term
second IH of Spirometra erinacei
Definition
frogs, lizards, snakes, rodents, marsupials, pigs
Term
how is the DH of Spirometra erinacei infected
Definition
ingesting plerocercoids within the second IH
Term
potential for humans in NZ to get sparginosis from Spirometra erinacei
Definition
ingestion of raw feral pig meat
Term
what is the name of the family of cestodes otherwise known as 'thorny headed worms'
Definition
Acanthocephala (hook-head)
Term
where do adults of Acanthocephala live
Definition
in intestines of vertebrates - mostly fish and birds
Term
body shape of Acanthocephala
Definition
body is cylindrical and 'worm-like'
Term
what is the Acanthocephala tegument like
Definition
thick
Term
what is the Acanthocephala alimaentary tract like
Definition
doesn't have one - all absorption takes place through the tegument
Term
where does Acanthocephala get it's nutrients
Definition
absorption through the tegument, don't have an alimentary tract
Term
describe the Acanthocephala probiscis
Definition
anterior end - a retractible attachment organ armed with hooks
Term
are Acanthocephala hermaphrodite or not
Definition
the sexes are separate
Term
describe the Acanthocephala female - egg fert and laying
Definition
eggs are fertilised free within the body - sorted by the 'uterine bell' - organ that sorts eggs into mature and immature eggs. Mature eggs pass into the vagina and are expelled.
Term
Describe Acanthocephala eggs
Definition
elongate with a thick shell composed of several layers
Term
If Acanthocephala DH lives in/on water (fish or birds) what type of IH does it have
Definition
crustaceans
Term
What type of IH will an Acanthocephala have if it's DH lives on (rodents, pigs) and
Definition
arthropods eg. cockroaches and beetles
Term
Macrocathorhynchus hirudinaceus is what type of cestode
Definition
Pseudophyllid - Acanthocephalan
Term
What is the DH for Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Definition
Pig mainly, also domesticated animals in warmer climates - very rare in NZ
Term
Where in the DH does Macrancathorhynchus hirudinaceus live
Definition
SI
Term
What are the IH's of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Definition
dung beetles, water beetles, may bugs, cockroaches
Term
How is the Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus worm attached to the DH intest
Definition
by the probiscis
Term
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus LC
Definition
eggs pass out - ingested by Beetle - pig eats beetle
Term
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus PPP
Definition
2-3 months
Term
clinical signs of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infection
Definition
most infections are subclinical, heavy burdens may cause ill-thrift, may perforate intest and cause peritonitis
Term
where in NZ is Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Definition
Term
where in NZ is Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Definition
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