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PARASITOLOGY PROTOZA
Summary flash cards
16
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 1
06/24/2013

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

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Giardia intestinalis


Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 

PPP

 

HOSTS 

vertebrates 


SYMPTOMS

Diarrhoea


TESTS

 

TREATMENT

Metronidazole, albendazole, fenbendzole

Term

****

Cryptosporidium spp.

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 

PPP

 

HOSTS 

 

SYMPTOMS

Diarrhoea


TESTS

 

TREATMENT  

Term

****

Babesia bigemina

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 

PPP

 

HOSTS 

 

SYMPTOMS

Anemia

Fever 


TESTS

 

TREATMENT

Imidocarb

Term

****

Babesia bovis

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 

PPP

 

HOSTS 

Catlle 


SYMPTOMS

Anemia

Fever 


TESTS

 

TREATMENT

Imidocarb

Term

****

Tritrichomonas foetus

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 

PPP

 

HOSTS 

Cattle

In urinary & reproductive systems 


SYMPTOMS

intial vaginitis 2-3 weeks → invades uterus and attacks foetus ~ 7 weeks 

→ Abortion (usually first trimester) up to 5 months after breeding

Infertility 

Asymptomatic in bulls 

Herd:

repeated oestrus cycling 


TESTS

smear of the vagina 

material from foetus 

Prepuce flush from bull ! 


TREATMENT 

Drugs iefective→bulls remain persistently infected 

Cows clear infection in few months →>4 Mnts Sexual rest 

Cows W pyometra → Persistant infection 

Vaccines help clear but not prevent infection 


PREVENTION 

Prevention is key

closed herd 

seperate breeding groups 

young virgin bull 

culture bulls before breeding season 

AI: & test semen 

>1 bull: Testing culling & vaccination 

Term

****

Toxoplasma gondii

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 heteroxenous, 2 host life cycle


PPP

 

HOSTS 

Cats


SYMPTOMS

Acute infection

• often asymptomatic in cats (may kills kittens?)

• humans have flu-like symptoms, usually full immunity develops

• sheep & goats – abortion!!! (tachyzoites in milk)

Subacute infection

• hosts humoral immunity develops slowly

• tachyzoitesproduce lesions in lung, liver, heart, brain, and eyes

Chronic infections

• Ab immune response depresses tachyzoites but cysts form from bradyzoites

• causes intense inflammation

• encephalitis

• retinal degeneration

• myocarditis

Congenital toxoplasmosis

infection during pregnancy can infect foetus

 still birth, abortion, birth defects

hydrocephaly, microcephaly, blindness


TESTS

IgM serology 

IgG serology 

lymphonode biopsy, CSF, BAL other fluids → Diff Quick

Oocysts in the faeces → flotation / know the limits /

you need sexual phase)

 

PREVENTION

cook all meat thoroughly to at least 70 ºC

wash hands, utensils and surfaces carefully after handling raw meat

wash all vegetables carefully

wear gloves when gardening in soil potentially contaminated by cat faeces

empty cat litter trays daily, dispose of litter carefully and disinfect tray with

boiling water (if this is done every day, even if a cat is excreting oocysts, they will not havesporulated and therefore will not be infectious by the time the litter is changed)

discourage pet cats from hunting and avoid feeding raw/undercooked meat

cover any children's sandpits to prevent cats using them as a litter tray.


TREATMENT

Term

***

Neospora caninum

Definition
Term

***

Cystoisosporaspp

Definition
Term

**

Babesia spp

Definition
Term

****

Eimeria acervulina 






ONE OF MOST COMMON IN BROILERS 

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 

oocysts infectious for months / years 

2-5 to sporulate in omptimal conditions (warm, humaid ↑O2)

PPP


 

HOSTS 

Chickens 

in anterior small intestine


SYMPTOMS/SIGNS

Weight loss

watery diarrhoea 

ladder like bands on intestine 


TESTS

 

TREATMENT

Oocysts are resistant to bleech and other disenfectants 

Term

****

Eimeria maxima

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 

In small intestine 


PPP

 

HOSTS 

Chicken


SYMPTOMS

Dilation and thickening of SI wall

associated with bacterial enteritis 


TESTS

largest of all oocysts 


TREATMENT

Good sanitation & litter management: changing litter after each brood 

Removal / distotry oocyst before it sporulates (day 7-1)


Attenuated Vaccine on day one of life 

Anticoccidial medication in feed: Ionophors, sulpha drugs 

Change medication to avoid resistance 

 

Treatment when infection is present 

Term

****

Eimeria tenella





CAECAL COCCIDIOSIS

Definition

LIFE CYCLE


oocysts infectious for months / years 

2-5 to sporulate in omptimal conditions (warm, humaid ↑O2)

PPP

6-7 days 


HOSTS 

Chickens

4 week old broilers most succetable 

In Caeca!!


PATHOGENISIS

multiplies in inestines→tissue damage
Impared digestion and absorption 
dehydration & blood loss 
secondary bacterial infections  ie salmonella

+ immnospressive disesae severe problem 


SYMPTOMS

Droop, Anorexia, hudlling 

caecal plug in survivours --> poor doing 

Death DPI

Lower intestine and caeca thickened 

small haemorrhages and clotted blood 


TESTS

Oocyst in 

Histopathology of PM bird 

 

PRVENTION / TREATMENT

Good sanitation & litter management: changing litter after each brood 

Removal / distotry oocyst before it sporulates (day 7-1)


Attenuated Vaccine on day one of life 

Anticoccidial medication in feed: Ionophors, sulpha drugs 

Change medication to avoid resistance 

Treatment when infection is present 




Term

****

Eimeria necatrix

Definition
Term

***

Histomonas meleagridis

Definition
Term

****

Entamoeba invadens

Definition
Term

****

Cystoisospora suis

Definition

LIFE CYCLE

 Isospora suis oocysts sporulate rapidly at temperatures between 20° C and 40° C (Lindsay et al., 1982). In current swine production practices, where supplemental heat between 32° and 35° C is provided to newborn pigs, oocysts sporulation may occur between  12 and 16 hours. Once the oocysts are sporulated they are resistant to most disinfectants.

PPP

 

HOSTS

Pigs

5-15 day old piglets

 

SYMPTOMS

Pale, watery diarrhoea

Decreased growth

→ dec weight gain & production 

High morbidity & low mortality


TESTS

 

 

TREATMENT  

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