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Parasitology 1
first exam
117
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
08/28/2011

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Term
What is the ventral sucker known as?
Definition
Acetabulum
Term
What are the characteristics of a Digenetic Fluke?
Definition
Dorsoventrally flattened
Smooth or spiny tegument
Oral sucker for feeding/NO ANUS
Acetabulum
Digestive System
COMPLEX REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Term
What is complex about the the reproductive system of flukes?
Definition
They are Hermaphroditic
Term
What is the order of the "typical life cycle" of the digenetic fluke?
Definition
Operculated egg
Miracidium
Sporocyst
Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria
Adult fluke
Term
What is the "door" called on an egg of a fluke?
Definition
Operculum
Term
What is usually the first intermediate host for any digenetic fluke?
Definition
A snail
Term
What develops inside the Sporocyst?
Definition
Rediae
Term
What are the characteristics of Cercaria?
Definition
Has a tail and can swim.
Can do one of three things:
1. Penetrate or be ingested by 2nd intermediate host
2. Attach to vegetation and become encysted
3. Penetrate the definitive host directly
Term
What are the options Metacercaria will do in the life cycle?
Definition
Cercaria drops its tail, secretes a thick cyst wall around itself, and become ENCYSTED.
Cercarial stage is eaten by definitive host.
Migrates to predilection site.
Term
Miracidium go where and Circadium go where?
Definition
Go In
Go Out
Term
What is known as the "lancet fluke"?
Definition
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Term
What is the "Lizard poisoning fluke"?
Definition
Platynosomum fastosum
Term
Where is Dicrocoelium dendriticum found?
Definition
Bile duct of sheep and goats
Term
What is the life cycle of Dicrocoelium dentricum?
Definition
Cionella lubrica (land snail)
Formica fusca (ant)
sheep/goats
Term
Where are Platynosomum fastosum found?
Definition
Bile duct of cats
Term
What is the life cycle of Platynosomum fastosum?
Definition
Land snail
Anole lizard
Cats
Term
What are the flukes that are found in the "digestive tract of ruminants?
Definition
Fasciola hepatica
Fascioloides magna
Cotylophoron species
Paramphistomum species
Term
What is known as the "liver fluke" of cattle?
Definition
Fasciola hepatica
Term
What does Fasciola heptatica do to the body?
Definition
Condemnation of liver- Fascioliasis- liver rot, liver fluke disease.
Term
What are the host of Fasciola hepatica?
Definition
Cattle, sheep, goats, other ruminants.
Term
Where are Fasciola hepatica found?
Definition
bile ducts
Term
How do you identify Fasciola hepatica?
Definition
Spiny tegument
Leaf-shaped
"cone-shaped" projection
"Shoulders"
Term
What is the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?
Definition
Adults in bile ducts of ruminant's liver
Operculated eggs pass out in host feces
Miracidium hatches, penetrates aquatic snail
Asexual development within snail (sporocyst/redia/cercaria) cercariae released into water.
Term
What is the first intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica?
Definition
Snail
Term
What type of parasite is Fasciola hepatica?
Definition
Abberrant/Erratic
Term
What is the life cycle of Metacercariae?
Definition
Cercaria swims, attaches to vegetation, secretes thick cyst wall and becomes metacercaria.
Swallowed by ruminant. NO SECOND INTERMEDIATE HOST!!
Term
What does fasciola hepatica do to the liver and what dos it resemble?
Definition
Pipestem liver- calcification of the bile ducts
Resembles clay pipe.
Term
What does Acute fascioliasis cause? What does chronic fascioliasis cause?
Definition
Death
Bottle Jaw
Term
How are Fasiciola hepatica diagnosed?
Definition
Operculated egg found in fecal sedimentation
Term
What is the "liver fluke" of deer?
Definition
Fascioloides magna
Term
What are the primary definitive hosts of Fascioloides magna?
Definition
White tailed deer, moose, mule deer and elk.
Term
What are the dead end hosts of Fascioloides magna?
Definition
Cattle
Term
What is the deer family life cycle?
Definition
Juvenile flukes migrate in teh liver and form OPEN capsules in the liver. Eggs have the portal to the outside. OPEN CYSTS- life cycle continues normally.
Term
What is the Ruminants other that sheep life cycle?
Definition
Juvenile flukes migrate in liver and form CLOSED capsules in the liver. Eggs DO NOT have portal to the outside. CLOSED CYSTS- eggs cannot reach ouside (Dead end hosts)
Term
what is the sheep life cycle?
Definition
Uninterrupted migration throughout the sheep's abdominal cavity- DEATH
Term
What is infection with Fascioloides magna called?
Definition
Fascioloidiasis
Term
What are the three variations of clinical signs of Fasciola magna?
Definition
1. Thin walled cysts connect to bile duct.
2. formation of thick walled cysts filled with fluke puke do not connect to bile duct.
3. Extensive liver damage, hemorrhage and necrosis- DEATH.
Term
What are known as the "rumen flukes"/amphistomes?
Definition
Paramphistomum and Cotylophoron
Term
What does amphistomes mean?
Definition
mouth on both ends.
Term
What are the hosts of Paramphistomum and Cotylophoron?
Definition
Cattle, sheep and goats.
Term
How do you identify Paraamphistomes/Cotylophoron?
Definition
Cone-shaped or pear-shaped, red in color.
Mouth at both ends.
In tissue predilection sites.
Operculated eggs.
Term
What parasite looks like rice krispies?
Definition
Cotylophoron
Term
What is the life cycle of Paramphistonum/Cotylophoron?
Definition
Adults in rumen, reticulum.
Operculated eggs pass out in host feces.
Miracidium hatches, penetrates aquatic snail.
Asexual development within snail. Cercariae released into water.
Cercaria swims, attached to vegetation and becomes metacercaria and are swallowed by ruminant definitve host.
NO SECOND INTERMEDIATE HOST
Term
Are adult flukes of Paramphistomum/Cotylophoron pathogenic?
Definition
No they are nonpathogenic.
Term
What is the "lung fluke" of dogs and cats?
Definition
Paragonimus kellicotti
Term
Where is Paragonimus kellicotti found?
Definition
LUNGS
Term
Where are the Schistosomes found?
Definition
Blood Vasculature
Term
How do Paragonimus kellicotti affect cats and dogs?
Definition
Infection within th elung parenchyma- flukes found within cystic spaces in the lungs- PARAGONIMIASIS
Term
What the term used when Paragonimus kellicotti flukes are found within cystic spaces of the lungs?
Definition
Paragonimiasis
Term
What is the host of Paragonimus kellicotti?
Definition
Dogs and cats
Term
Out of all the flukes what fluke has eggs that will float on fecal floatation?
Definition
Paragonimus kellicotti
Term
Are Paragonimous kellicotti zoonotic?
Definition
Yes by eating raw crayfish.
Term
What is the life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti?
Definition
Miracidium hatches in water, penetrates aquatic snail
Asexual development within snail; cercariae ultimately releasedinto water.
Cercaria swims and penetrates the second intermediate host (crayfish); encystment takes place- metacercariae form within crayfish's muscles.
Dog becomes infected by eating crayfish containing metacercariae.
Juvenile flukes encyst from metacercariae in small intestine.
Penetrate the lung parenchyma where they form cystic spaces.
Can Be ABERRANT!
Term
What are the signs of Paragonimous kellicotti in dogs?
Definition
Dogs produce a rusty colored sputum (SPIT)
Term
What signs/ type of parasite is Paragonimous kellicotti in cats?
Definition
Dyspnea in cats. Can be ABERRANT in BRAIN OF CATS
Term
How are Schisotsomes different from other digenetic flukes?
Definition
Inhabit the blood vessels of their definitive hosts.
There are MALE and FEMALE schistosomes. NOT HERMAPHRODITIC.- DIOECIOUS
Term
What is the groove in the male schistosome that carries the female?
Definition
gynecophoric canal
Term
What do the eggs of Schistosomes look like?
Definition
They are thin-shelled and have NO operculum. Have a lateral or terminal SPINE.
Term
What are the schistosomes of human beings?
Definition
Schistosoma hematobium (urinary)
Schistosoma mansoni (mesenteric)
Schistosoma japonicum (portan and mesenteric vein)
Term
What stage of the schistosomes are infective?
Definition
Cercariae stage.
Term
What stage is "fork-tailed" in the Schistosomes and what is it called?
Definition
Cercarae stage.
FURCOCERCOUS
Term
How do the Cercariae transform to "young flukes" with schistosomes?
Definition
PENETRATE DEFINITIVE HOST DIRECTLY
Form young flukes or SCHISTOSOMULAE
Term
Is Bovine Schistosomiasis zoonotic?
Definition
NO it is not.
Term
What is the number one helminthic disease of the human beings throughout the world?
Definition
Human Schistosomiasis
Term
What does the schistosomes in wild aquatic birds produce that is a zoonotic skin condition in human beings?
Definition
"Schistosome Cercarial Dermatitis"
or "Swimmers Itch"
Term
What is the "Canine blood fluke" and what are the hosts?
Definition
Heterobilharzia americana
Host- Dog, bobcat and raccoon.
Term
What is the habitat of Heterobilharzia americana?
Definition
Mesenteric veins of the small and large intestine and the portal veins.
Term
How do you control the spread of Heterobilharzia americana?
Definition
Restrict dog's access to marshlands and swamps.
Term
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Subclass: ?
Subclass: ?
Definition
Monogenea
Digenea
Term
Class: Eucestoda- ?
Class: Cotyloda- ?
Definition
- the true tapeworms
- the pseudotapeworms.
Term
What kind of reproductive system does tapeworms have?
Definition
Hermaphroditic
Term
What do tapeworms lack in their body?
Definition
Lack a body cavity
Lack an alimentary tract (NO MOUTH NO GUT NO ANUS)
Term
What does the body of tapeworms consist of?
Definition
A Scolex (Head)
Short Neck
Strobila made of segments called PROGLOTTIDS
Term
How many suckers are on each scolex of the tapeworm?
Definition
four
Term
What are each of the four suckers on the scolex called?
Definition
An acetabulum.
Term
How is a scolex said to be armed on a tapeworm?
Definition
Possessing hooks or a rostellum (retractable nose)
Term
How is the scolex said to be unarmed in a tapeworm
Definition
If the hooks or rostellum are not present. The scolex is used to anchor the adult tapeworm in place.
Term
What are the three types of proglottids?
Definition
Immature proglottids (most proximal, contain non functioning reproductive organs), Mature proglottids (middle, functioning repro organs), Gravid proglottids (break off, eggs of tapeworm are set free by disintegration of gravid proglottid).
Term
What is the reproductive system like of the tapeworms?
Definition
Hermaphroditic (each proglottid will contain 1 or 2 sets of both male and female repro organs)
Term
What is the life cycle of a tapeworm?
Definition
Adult tapeworms are always found within the intestine of the definitive host.
Proglottids containing eggs are voided in the feces of the definitive host.
Tapeworm eggs are released in the external environment and embryonate in that environment. Ingested by a suitable intermediate host.
Turns into larval tapeworm
Egg hatches. Within the the host, the larval tapeworm will emerge from the egg and wil migrate to some EXTRAINTESTINAL site within that intermediate host.
Term
What is the eggs of tapeworms look like?
Definition
Oncosphere
Term
What is the term used for the larval tapeworm?
Definition
Metacestode
Term
What is a Cysticercoid and where are they normally found?
Definition
Single scolex, not invaginated into itself. Found in a tiny, fluid-filled cavity, vesicle or bladder. Wil usually be found within invertebrates like MITES or FLEAS
Term
What is a single scolex invaginated into itself called? Where are they found?
Definition
A cysticercus that is in a LARGE, fluid filled cavity, vesicle or bladder. Found within ruminants, rabbits or mice.
Term
Are Cysticercus and Cysticercoid synonymous?
Definition
NO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS
Term
What is a large fluid filled cavity that has MANY invaginated scolices?
Definition
Coenurus
Term
What is a LARGE< fluid filled cavity, vesicle or bladder that develops cysts?
Definition
Hydatid cyst
Term
what does the hydatid develop inside of it and what do they contain?
Definition
Brood capsules that contain many protoscolices.
Term
What are the miscellaneous metacestode stages knwon as?
Definition
Strobilocercus, tetratheyridium, procercoid and plerocercoid.
Term
What is the lifecycle of a "typical tapeworm"?
Definition
Tapeworm egg- Cysticercoid OR Cysticercus OR Coenurus OR Hydatid Cyst- Ingestion- Adult tapeworm (non-sequential life cycle)
Term
What kind of tapeworm are the Cysticercoid tapewrom?
Definition
Unarmed tapeworms.
Term
What is the pear-shaped membrane that is the innermost covering of the Cysticercoid oncosphere?
Definition
PYRIFORM APPARATUS
Term
What stage will the larval or metacestode stages be found within invertebrates?
Definition
The Cysticercoid stage
Term
What are the Moniezia species of Cysticercoid tapeworms and what do they host?
Definition
Moniezia benedini, Monizia expansa (Cattle)
Term
What is the "lappeted equine tapeworm"?
Definition
Anoplocephala perfoliata
Term
What do the proglottids look like on Cysticercoid tapeworms?
Definition
Wider than long. "Squatty Body" tapeworms.
Term
What are the "Cysticercoid Tapeworms"?
Definition
Anoplocephala perfoliata, Anoplocephala magna, Paranoplocephala mamillana, Moniezia benedini, Moniezia expansa, Thysansosoma actinoides, Diplyidium caninum.
Term
What is the most common equine tapeworm in the US and where is found?
Definition
Anoplocephala perfoliata. Small and Large intestine.
Term
What is the tapeworm found in the small intestine primarily in the jejunum?
Definition
Anoplocephala magna
Term
What tapeworm is found in the small intestine and occasionally the stomach?
Definition
Paranoplocephala mamillana
Term
What does the scolex of Anoplocephala perfoliata possess?
Definition
A "lappet" and small
Term
What is known as the "dwarf tapeworm"?
Definition
Paranoplocephala mamillana
Term
Where does the Moniezia species occur in?
Definition
Ruminants
Term
What doe the Proglottids of Moniezia sp. look like when they are passed in the feces?
Definition
Cooked rice grains.
Term
What do both eggs of the Moniezia species contain?
Definition
Pyriform apparatus
Term
What is known as the "Fringed" tapeworm?
Definition
Thysanosoma actinoides.
Term
What does Thysanosoma atinoides occur in?
Definition
Sheep, cattle and deer
Term
What is the habittat of Thysanosoma actinoides?
Definition
Bile duct, pancreatic duct and small intestine.
Term
What type of eggs LACK a pyriform apparatus?
Definition
Thysanosoma actinoides.
Term
What is the cucumber seed tapeworm and the double-pored tapeworm?
Definition
Dipylidium caninum
Term
What Cysticercoid tapeworm is zoonotic?
Definition
Dipylidium caninum
Term
What is the host of Diplydidium caninum?
Definition
Dogs and other canids, cats and other felids, and human beings.
Term
Where are Diplydium caninum found in adult stage?
Definition
Small intestine.
Term
What kind of scolex do Dipylidium caninum have?
Definition
ARMED rostellum. 3-4 rows of rose thorn-shaped hooks.
Term
What does each proglotted have on Dipylidium caninum?
Definition
Two sets of both male and female repro organs. Genital pores located on lateral aspect about halfway down the length of both sides- DOUBLE PORED!
Term
How many eggs are in an egg packet of a gravid proglottid?
Definition
20-30 eggs.
Term
What is the Zoonotic potential of Diplydium caninum?
Definition
Very zoonotic- Human beings can become infected if they ingest infected fleas or lice containing cysticercoids
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