Term
| What is the ventral sucker known as? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a Digenetic Fluke? |
|
Definition
Dorsoventrally flattened
Smooth or spiny tegument
Oral sucker for feeding/NO ANUS
Acetabulum
Digestive System
COMPLEX REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM |
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Term
| What is complex about the the reproductive system of flukes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of the "typical life cycle" of the digenetic fluke? |
|
Definition
Operculated egg
Miracidium
Sporocyst
Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria
Adult fluke |
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|
Term
| What is the "door" called on an egg of a fluke? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is usually the first intermediate host for any digenetic fluke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What develops inside the Sporocyst? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the characteristics of Cercaria? |
|
Definition
Has a tail and can swim.
Can do one of three things:
1. Penetrate or be ingested by 2nd intermediate host
2. Attach to vegetation and become encysted
3. Penetrate the definitive host directly |
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|
Term
| What are the options Metacercaria will do in the life cycle? |
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Definition
Cercaria drops its tail, secretes a thick cyst wall around itself, and become ENCYSTED.
Cercarial stage is eaten by definitive host.
Migrates to predilection site. |
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Term
| Miracidium go where and Circadium go where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is known as the "lancet fluke"? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the "Lizard poisoning fluke"? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where is Dicrocoelium dendriticum found? |
|
Definition
| Bile duct of sheep and goats |
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|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Dicrocoelium dentricum? |
|
Definition
Cionella lubrica (land snail)
Formica fusca (ant)
sheep/goats |
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Term
| Where are Platynosomum fastosum found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Platynosomum fastosum? |
|
Definition
Land snail
Anole lizard
Cats |
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Term
| What are the flukes that are found in the "digestive tract of ruminants? |
|
Definition
Fasciola hepatica
Fascioloides magna
Cotylophoron species
Paramphistomum species |
|
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Term
| What is known as the "liver fluke" of cattle? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What does Fasciola heptatica do to the body? |
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Definition
| Condemnation of liver- Fascioliasis- liver rot, liver fluke disease. |
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|
Term
| What are the host of Fasciola hepatica? |
|
Definition
| Cattle, sheep, goats, other ruminants. |
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|
Term
| Where are Fasciola hepatica found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you identify Fasciola hepatica? |
|
Definition
Spiny tegument
Leaf-shaped
"cone-shaped" projection
"Shoulders" |
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|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica? |
|
Definition
Adults in bile ducts of ruminant's liver
Operculated eggs pass out in host feces
Miracidium hatches, penetrates aquatic snail
Asexual development within snail (sporocyst/redia/cercaria) cercariae released into water. |
|
|
Term
| What is the first intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of parasite is Fasciola hepatica? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Metacercariae? |
|
Definition
Cercaria swims, attaches to vegetation, secretes thick cyst wall and becomes metacercaria.
Swallowed by ruminant. NO SECOND INTERMEDIATE HOST!! |
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|
Term
| What does fasciola hepatica do to the liver and what dos it resemble? |
|
Definition
Pipestem liver- calcification of the bile ducts
Resembles clay pipe. |
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|
Term
| What does Acute fascioliasis cause? What does chronic fascioliasis cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Fasiciola hepatica diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Operculated egg found in fecal sedimentation |
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|
Term
| What is the "liver fluke" of deer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary definitive hosts of Fascioloides magna? |
|
Definition
| White tailed deer, moose, mule deer and elk. |
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|
Term
| What are the dead end hosts of Fascioloides magna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the deer family life cycle? |
|
Definition
| Juvenile flukes migrate in teh liver and form OPEN capsules in the liver. Eggs have the portal to the outside. OPEN CYSTS- life cycle continues normally. |
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|
Term
| What is the Ruminants other that sheep life cycle? |
|
Definition
| Juvenile flukes migrate in liver and form CLOSED capsules in the liver. Eggs DO NOT have portal to the outside. CLOSED CYSTS- eggs cannot reach ouside (Dead end hosts) |
|
|
Term
| what is the sheep life cycle? |
|
Definition
| Uninterrupted migration throughout the sheep's abdominal cavity- DEATH |
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|
Term
| What is infection with Fascioloides magna called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three variations of clinical signs of Fasciola magna? |
|
Definition
1. Thin walled cysts connect to bile duct.
2. formation of thick walled cysts filled with fluke puke do not connect to bile duct.
3. Extensive liver damage, hemorrhage and necrosis- DEATH. |
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|
Term
| What are known as the "rumen flukes"/amphistomes? |
|
Definition
| Paramphistomum and Cotylophoron |
|
|
Term
| What does amphistomes mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hosts of Paramphistomum and Cotylophoron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you identify Paraamphistomes/Cotylophoron? |
|
Definition
Cone-shaped or pear-shaped, red in color.
Mouth at both ends.
In tissue predilection sites.
Operculated eggs. |
|
|
Term
| What parasite looks like rice krispies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Paramphistonum/Cotylophoron? |
|
Definition
Adults in rumen, reticulum.
Operculated eggs pass out in host feces.
Miracidium hatches, penetrates aquatic snail.
Asexual development within snail. Cercariae released into water.
Cercaria swims, attached to vegetation and becomes metacercaria and are swallowed by ruminant definitve host.
NO SECOND INTERMEDIATE HOST |
|
|
Term
| Are adult flukes of Paramphistomum/Cotylophoron pathogenic? |
|
Definition
| No they are nonpathogenic. |
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|
Term
| What is the "lung fluke" of dogs and cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Paragonimus kellicotti found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the Schistosomes found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do Paragonimus kellicotti affect cats and dogs? |
|
Definition
| Infection within th elung parenchyma- flukes found within cystic spaces in the lungs- PARAGONIMIASIS |
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Term
| What the term used when Paragonimus kellicotti flukes are found within cystic spaces of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the host of Paragonimus kellicotti? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Out of all the flukes what fluke has eggs that will float on fecal floatation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Paragonimous kellicotti zoonotic? |
|
Definition
| Yes by eating raw crayfish. |
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti? |
|
Definition
Miracidium hatches in water, penetrates aquatic snail
Asexual development within snail; cercariae ultimately releasedinto water.
Cercaria swims and penetrates the second intermediate host (crayfish); encystment takes place- metacercariae form within crayfish's muscles.
Dog becomes infected by eating crayfish containing metacercariae.
Juvenile flukes encyst from metacercariae in small intestine.
Penetrate the lung parenchyma where they form cystic spaces.
Can Be ABERRANT! |
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Term
| What are the signs of Paragonimous kellicotti in dogs? |
|
Definition
| Dogs produce a rusty colored sputum (SPIT) |
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Term
| What signs/ type of parasite is Paragonimous kellicotti in cats? |
|
Definition
| Dyspnea in cats. Can be ABERRANT in BRAIN OF CATS |
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Term
| How are Schisotsomes different from other digenetic flukes? |
|
Definition
Inhabit the blood vessels of their definitive hosts.
There are MALE and FEMALE schistosomes. NOT HERMAPHRODITIC.- DIOECIOUS |
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|
Term
| What is the groove in the male schistosome that carries the female? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do the eggs of Schistosomes look like? |
|
Definition
| They are thin-shelled and have NO operculum. Have a lateral or terminal SPINE. |
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|
Term
| What are the schistosomes of human beings? |
|
Definition
Schistosoma hematobium (urinary)
Schistosoma mansoni (mesenteric)
Schistosoma japonicum (portan and mesenteric vein) |
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|
Term
| What stage of the schistosomes are infective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage is "fork-tailed" in the Schistosomes and what is it called? |
|
Definition
Cercarae stage.
FURCOCERCOUS |
|
|
Term
| How do the Cercariae transform to "young flukes" with schistosomes? |
|
Definition
PENETRATE DEFINITIVE HOST DIRECTLY
Form young flukes or SCHISTOSOMULAE |
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|
Term
| Is Bovine Schistosomiasis zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the number one helminthic disease of the human beings throughout the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the schistosomes in wild aquatic birds produce that is a zoonotic skin condition in human beings? |
|
Definition
"Schistosome Cercarial Dermatitis"
or "Swimmers Itch" |
|
|
Term
| What is the "Canine blood fluke" and what are the hosts? |
|
Definition
Heterobilharzia americana
Host- Dog, bobcat and raccoon. |
|
|
Term
| What is the habitat of Heterobilharzia americana? |
|
Definition
| Mesenteric veins of the small and large intestine and the portal veins. |
|
|
Term
| How do you control the spread of Heterobilharzia americana? |
|
Definition
| Restrict dog's access to marshlands and swamps. |
|
|
Term
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Subclass: ?
Subclass: ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Class: Eucestoda- ?
Class: Cotyloda- ? |
|
Definition
- the true tapeworms
- the pseudotapeworms. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of reproductive system does tapeworms have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do tapeworms lack in their body? |
|
Definition
Lack a body cavity
Lack an alimentary tract (NO MOUTH NO GUT NO ANUS) |
|
|
Term
| What does the body of tapeworms consist of? |
|
Definition
A Scolex (Head)
Short Neck
Strobila made of segments called PROGLOTTIDS |
|
|
Term
| How many suckers are on each scolex of the tapeworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are each of the four suckers on the scolex called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a scolex said to be armed on a tapeworm? |
|
Definition
| Possessing hooks or a rostellum (retractable nose) |
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|
Term
| How is the scolex said to be unarmed in a tapeworm |
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Definition
| If the hooks or rostellum are not present. The scolex is used to anchor the adult tapeworm in place. |
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|
Term
| What are the three types of proglottids? |
|
Definition
| Immature proglottids (most proximal, contain non functioning reproductive organs), Mature proglottids (middle, functioning repro organs), Gravid proglottids (break off, eggs of tapeworm are set free by disintegration of gravid proglottid). |
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|
Term
| What is the reproductive system like of the tapeworms? |
|
Definition
| Hermaphroditic (each proglottid will contain 1 or 2 sets of both male and female repro organs) |
|
|
Term
| What is the life cycle of a tapeworm? |
|
Definition
Adult tapeworms are always found within the intestine of the definitive host.
Proglottids containing eggs are voided in the feces of the definitive host.
Tapeworm eggs are released in the external environment and embryonate in that environment. Ingested by a suitable intermediate host.
Turns into larval tapeworm
Egg hatches. Within the the host, the larval tapeworm will emerge from the egg and wil migrate to some EXTRAINTESTINAL site within that intermediate host. |
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|
Term
| What is the eggs of tapeworms look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used for the larval tapeworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Cysticercoid and where are they normally found? |
|
Definition
| Single scolex, not invaginated into itself. Found in a tiny, fluid-filled cavity, vesicle or bladder. Wil usually be found within invertebrates like MITES or FLEAS |
|
|
Term
| What is a single scolex invaginated into itself called? Where are they found? |
|
Definition
| A cysticercus that is in a LARGE, fluid filled cavity, vesicle or bladder. Found within ruminants, rabbits or mice. |
|
|
Term
| Are Cysticercus and Cysticercoid synonymous? |
|
Definition
| NO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT MEANINGS |
|
|
Term
| What is a large fluid filled cavity that has MANY invaginated scolices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a LARGE< fluid filled cavity, vesicle or bladder that develops cysts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the hydatid develop inside of it and what do they contain? |
|
Definition
| Brood capsules that contain many protoscolices. |
|
|
Term
| What are the miscellaneous metacestode stages knwon as? |
|
Definition
| Strobilocercus, tetratheyridium, procercoid and plerocercoid. |
|
|
Term
| What is the lifecycle of a "typical tapeworm"? |
|
Definition
| Tapeworm egg- Cysticercoid OR Cysticercus OR Coenurus OR Hydatid Cyst- Ingestion- Adult tapeworm (non-sequential life cycle) |
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|
Term
| What kind of tapeworm are the Cysticercoid tapewrom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pear-shaped membrane that is the innermost covering of the Cysticercoid oncosphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage will the larval or metacestode stages be found within invertebrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Moniezia species of Cysticercoid tapeworms and what do they host? |
|
Definition
| Moniezia benedini, Monizia expansa (Cattle) |
|
|
Term
| What is the "lappeted equine tapeworm"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the proglottids look like on Cysticercoid tapeworms? |
|
Definition
| Wider than long. "Squatty Body" tapeworms. |
|
|
Term
| What are the "Cysticercoid Tapeworms"? |
|
Definition
| Anoplocephala perfoliata, Anoplocephala magna, Paranoplocephala mamillana, Moniezia benedini, Moniezia expansa, Thysansosoma actinoides, Diplyidium caninum. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common equine tapeworm in the US and where is found? |
|
Definition
| Anoplocephala perfoliata. Small and Large intestine. |
|
|
Term
| What is the tapeworm found in the small intestine primarily in the jejunum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tapeworm is found in the small intestine and occasionally the stomach? |
|
Definition
| Paranoplocephala mamillana |
|
|
Term
| What does the scolex of Anoplocephala perfoliata possess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is known as the "dwarf tapeworm"? |
|
Definition
| Paranoplocephala mamillana |
|
|
Term
| Where does the Moniezia species occur in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What doe the Proglottids of Moniezia sp. look like when they are passed in the feces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do both eggs of the Moniezia species contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is known as the "Fringed" tapeworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Thysanosoma atinoides occur in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the habittat of Thysanosoma actinoides? |
|
Definition
| Bile duct, pancreatic duct and small intestine. |
|
|
Term
| What type of eggs LACK a pyriform apparatus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cucumber seed tapeworm and the double-pored tapeworm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Cysticercoid tapeworm is zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the host of Diplydidium caninum? |
|
Definition
| Dogs and other canids, cats and other felids, and human beings. |
|
|
Term
| Where are Diplydium caninum found in adult stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of scolex do Dipylidium caninum have? |
|
Definition
| ARMED rostellum. 3-4 rows of rose thorn-shaped hooks. |
|
|
Term
| What does each proglotted have on Dipylidium caninum? |
|
Definition
| Two sets of both male and female repro organs. Genital pores located on lateral aspect about halfway down the length of both sides- DOUBLE PORED! |
|
|
Term
| How many eggs are in an egg packet of a gravid proglottid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Zoonotic potential of Diplydium caninum? |
|
Definition
| Very zoonotic- Human beings can become infected if they ingest infected fleas or lice containing cysticercoids |
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