Term
| Stercorarian trypanosomes |
|
Definition
| mature trypanosomes in posterior GIT of intermediate host and transmitted with feces after a bloodmeal in tsetse fly/kissing bug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mature trypanosomes in anterior GIT of intermediate host and are injected with vector saliva through the proboscis during tsetse fly/kissing bug feeding; proboscis: long appendage from the head |
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma cruzii Lifecycle |
|
Definition
kissing bug takes a blood meal and passes metacyclic mastigote in host
mastigote become amastigote in muscle tissue and divides
can become mastigote and travel to other tissue and become amastigote in other tissues
kissing bug takes a bite and picks up mastigotes in blood
mastigotes divide and move down the tract to escape in bug's feces or excreted in bug's saliva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute Form
Chagoma: unilateral painless periorbital swelling
Romana's sign: unilateral conjunctivitis with orbital edema
fever, edema, lyphadenopathy
myocarditis, hepatosplenomegaly
death due to myocarditis or encephalitis
lasts 1-2 months
patient is asymptomatic with very low levels of parasitemia
most survive acute phase
Chronic Form
may occur 10-20 years after infection
cardiomegaly, megacolon, megaesophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma equiperdum Lifecycle |
|
Definition
no intermediate bug vector
present on mucous membranes of animal
venereal disease |
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma equiperdum Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma cruzii Disease |
|
Definition
Chagas' Disease
Trypanosomiasis |
|
|
Term
| Trypanosoma equiperdum Signs |
|
Definition
1st stage: edema of genitals with vaginal/urethral discharge
2nd stage: urticarial plaques on side of body
3rd phase: progressive paralysis and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sandfly takes blood meal and injects promastigote into skin
Promastigoes phagocytosed by macrophages
Promastigotes transform into amastigotes inside macrophages
Amastogtes multiply in cells of various tissues
Sandfly takes a blood meal and ingests parasitized cell
amastigotes develop in sandfly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leishmania Clinical Signs |
|
Definition
affects foxhounds that went to Europe or infected by mechanical vector
abnormally long nails
patchy alopecia
generalized cutaneous nodules
ocular lesions, wasting
swollen limbs and joints
autoimmunity, bleeding disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serology, skin test, cytology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Giardia cyst in food or water and gets ingested
Giardia cyst develops into trophozoite in intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fecal floatation with zinc sulfate and iodine stain to find cysts
direct smear to see trophozoites
falling leaf swimming pattern of trophozoites
cysts in stool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most prevalent cause of parasitic diarrhea in US
intermittent shedding of cysts
treatment with ivermectin, pepto-bismal stops shedding
pasty, grey, malororous diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss
very persistent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disinfect with quaternary ammonium compounds
1:32 or 1:16 bleach dilution |
|
|
Term
| Trichomonas fetus Lifecycle |
|
Definition
no intermediate host
no cyst form only trophozoite form
trophozoite in preputial epithelium of bull
trophozoite enters reproductive tract of cow during coitus
trophozoite multiplies in both sexes by binary fission
parasites do not survive outside of host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abortions in cattle
Cows
infection but no disease in 5-20%
inflammation of vulva, vagina, cervix 4-9 days post coitus
infertility/ low pregnancy rate
early abortion, pyometra
Bulls
no disease is common
acute mild inflammation of prepuce and penis
subclinical involvement of testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cull the bulls
self-limiting in cows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infected cats are generally young
frequent from multicat conditions
waxing and waning large bowel disease
semi-formed cow pie consistency
fresh blood/mucus
malodoroous |
|
|
Term
| Coccidia Eimeria LifeCycle |
|
Definition
Herbivore ingests cysts
parasites enter intestinal cells and mulitply
differentiate into male and female parasites and make new oocysts
oocysts passed in feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diarrhea, depression, anorexia, death
ADR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fecal floatation may not always show cysts
and oocysts may be present without clinical signs
intestinal scraping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carnivore ingests cysts
parasites enter intestinal cells and mulitply
differentiate into male and female parasites and make new oocysts
oocysts passed in feces |
|
|
Term
| Toxoplasma gondii Life Cycle |
|
Definition
definitive host is cat
cat has sexual and asexual stages
cat passes unsporulated oocysts in feces
oocysts become sporulated in feed, water, soil
sporulated oocysts ingested by intermediate host
human eats undercooked contaminated meat containing cysts
tachyzoites transmitted through placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pneumonia, anorexia, depression, encephalitis, abortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue sample, blood sample, fecal floatation to look for cysts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dog/coyote eats infected carcass or placenta of deer
oocysts passed in feces from dog/ coyote
oocysts contaminate feed
oocysts ingested by pregnant cow
birth of PI calf, abortion, or healthy calf
oocysts pass placenta of dog and affect puppies
previous infection confers protective immunity against abortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dogs - ascending paralysis in puppies, die from difficulty swallowing
Cattle - abortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intermediate host (cat, raccoon, skunk) ingests sporocysts from environment
oppossum (definitive host) ingests sarocyst
microgamont and macrogamont (male and female) make unsporulated oocysts
become sporulated oocyst
become sporocysts
host ingests sporocyst (aberrant host) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dalmeny Disease - cattle
EPM - equine protozoal myeloencephalitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dalmeny Disease - fever, decreased milk yield, dyspnea, abortion, weight loss
Horses - lesions in spinal cord, brain, meninges, ataxia, limb dragging, intermittent lameness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PCR of CSF tap
cysts in muscle
serum and SCF immunoblot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marquis (ponazuril) is only approved drug |
|
|
Term
| Cryptosporidium LifeCycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diarrhea in calves, lambs, foals, vet students
enteritis, colitis, villous atrophy
yellow, watery diarrhea, fever depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sheather's solution fecal floatation with Acid-Fast stain |
|
|
Term
| Fasciola hepatica Life Cycle |
|
Definition
common liver fluke
eggs are passed in feces
miriciium released an penetrate snail
cercariae leave nail and encyst on vegetation
ingested by sheep, cattle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute phase: due to immature flukes
isolation from flock, anorexia, immobile, distended
painful abdomen, death
burrowing flukes cause hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis
liver is pale, friable, tunneled
"Black disease" - a complication that causes death in sheep
Chronic phase: due to adult flukes
anemia, hypoproteinemia, eosinophilia, cachexia
edema, ascites, poor wool quality, abortion
hyperplastic, calcified bile ducts
hepatic cirrhosis
not fatal in cattle, fatal in sheep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
necropsy in acute phase
eggs in feces in chronic phase |
|
|
Term
| Fascioloides magna Life Cycle |
|
Definition
giant liver fluke
deer pass oocysts in feces
miriciium released an penetrate snail
cercariae leave nail and encyst on vegetation
ingested by sheep, cattle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cattle
asymptomatic
flukes sequestered in cysts in liver parenchyma
cysts become calcified
Sheep and Goats
death due to liver destruction
continually migrating adults produce hemorrhage and liver necrosis and peritonitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rarely see eggs in feces
necropsy |
|
|
Term
| Nanophyetus salmincola Disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nanophyetus salmincola Life Cycle |
|
Definition
embryonated eggs passed in feces
snail ingests eggs
miracidia emerge from eggs and penetrate snails intestine
cercariae released from snail
cercariae penetrate fish
host eats raw/undercooked fish |
|
|
Term
| Nanophyetus salmincola Dx |
|
Definition
eggs in feces
peripheral lymph node aspiration and smear |
|
|
Term
| Nanophyetus salmincola Signs |
|
Definition
death in 90% of untreated cases
fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, polydipsia |
|
|
Term
| Paragonimus kellicotti Lifecycle |
|
Definition
the Lung Fluke
eggs in feces
miracidia hatch in fresh water and penetrate snail (first intermediate host)
mature to cercariae
cercariae penetrate crayfish (second intermediate host)
encyst as metacercariae
definitive host eats crayfish
larvae penetrate wall of small intestine to peritoneal cavity to diaphram to pleural cavity to lung
host coughs up eggs, swallows them, and sheds them in feces |
|
|
Term
| Paragonimus kellicotti Dx |
|
Definition
radiographs
transtracheal wash
fecal floatation |
|
|
Term
| Paragonimus kellicotti Signs |
|
Definition
see them in pairs in lungs
coughing up blood, weightloss
death by pneumothorax
radiographs have chainlink appearance
eggs in feces or transtracheal wash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unembryonated eggs passed in feces
eggs embryonate in water
eggs hatch and ingested by crustacean (copepod)
larvae develop in copepod
fish eats copepod
animal eats raw fish
adult tapeworm develops in small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
usually asymptomatic
sometimes diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eggs in feces
proglottids shed in feces |
|
|
Term
| Diphyllobothrium latum Life Cycle |
|
Definition
unembryonated eggs passed in feces
eggs embryonate in water
eggs hatch and ingested by crustacean (copepod)
larvae develop in copepod
fish eats copepod
animal eats raw fish
adult tapeworm develops in small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Diphyllobothrium latum Signs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diphyllobothrium latum Dx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Taenia pisiformis Life Cycle |
|
Definition
eggs or proglottids pass in feces
rabbit ingests eggs from environment
dog eats rabbit
adult develops in small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Taenia teniaformis Life Cycle |
|
Definition
eggs or proglottids pass in feces
mouse ingests eggs from environment
cat eats mouse
adult develops in small intestine |
|
|
Term
| Taenia saginata Life Cycle |
|
Definition
beef tapeworm
eggs or proglottids pass in feces
cattle eat infected vegatation
oncospheres hatch and get into musculature
oncosphered develop in muscle
human eats undercooked meat
adults develop in small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pig tapeworm
eggs or proglottids pass in feces
cattle eat infected vegatation
oncospheres hatch and get into musculature
oncosphered develop in muscle
human eats undercooked meat
adults develop in small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in humans - none, maybe weight loss
measly beef |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in humans - severe CNS signs
measly pork |
|
|
Term
| Dipylidium caninum Life Cycle |
|
Definition
flea tapeworm
larval stage infects flea
host ingests fleas
adults develop in small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proglottids (look like cucumber seed) around anus or in feces
eggs in feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pruitis ani
asymptomatic but possible enteritis |
|
|
Term
| Taenia solium Disease in human |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eggs in feces of definitive host are eaten by mites
larval form - cystercoid
mites are even by cattle while grazing (definitive host)
develop in intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eggs in feces
chains of proglottids passed in feces |
|
|
Term
| Anoplocephala perfoliata Life cycle |
|
Definition
horse ingests mite infected with cystercoid
cystercoid develops into adult
proglottids become gravid with eggs
mature proglottids detach and are passed in feces
eggs ingested by mites
larval tapeworm develops in mite |
|
|
Term
| Anoplocephala perfoliata Signs |
|
Definition
| colic in horses due to occlusion of ileocecal valva |
|
|
Term
| Anoplocephala perfoliata Dx |
|
Definition
| less than 10% of horses are able to be diagnosed by fecal |
|
|
Term
| Anoplocephala magna Life Cycle |
|
Definition
horse ingests mite infected with cystercoid
cystercoid develops into adult
proglottids become gravid with eggs
mature proglottids detach and are passed in feces
eggs ingested by mites
larval tapeworm develops in mite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no colic
develop in upper small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no real clinical signs during early infection
vomiting, difficulty swallowing, aplastic anemia
lesions and spondylitis in x-rays
repeat fecal flotations with heather's solution |
|
|
Term
| Spirocerca lupi Life Cycle |
|
Definition
adults in wall of esophagus
eggs pass in feces
ingested by larvae or adult beetles
molt from L1 to L3 inside intermediate host
ingested by dog
go into gastroepiploic arteries--> celiac artery --> aorta --> esophagus
develop into adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aneurisms and cause sudden death
esophageal sarcomas
could develop hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) in limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of nodules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adults in stomach
embryonated eggs passed in feces
ingested by cockroaches, beetles, or crickets
develop to infective larvae in intermediate hosts
when ingested by cat/dog, larvae migrate in gastric mucosa
enter lumen of stomach
develop to adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adult parasite is attached to wall or stomach
feeds on mucosa and sucks blood
move to new feeding site frequently
leave ulcers where they fed
catarrhal gastritis may develop, anemia, vomiting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loss of condition, vomiting, black feces
small embryonated eggs in feces |
|
|
Term
| Toxicara canis Life Cycle |
|
Definition
embryonated eggs in environment get ingested
larvae develop and released in intestine
larvae migrate to various organs where their development is arrested
larvae migrate to lungs and get coughed up and swalloed
adults develop in lumen of intestine
worms reproduce sexually and eggs passed in feces
in pregnant/lactating dog, larvae can be reactivated from dormant stage all over body
infects offspring by transplacental and transmamamary transmission
females can lay 200,000 eggs/day in feces
eggs require 2-3 weeks to reach infectious state in environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eggs in fecal floatation
may pass adult worms in feces |
|
|
Term
| Toxicara canis Signs in dogs |
|
Definition
females can lay 200,000 eggs/day in feces
asymptomatic
damage to liver and lungs from migrating larvae
blockage, rupture, intussusception of small intestine
colic, vomiting, alternating diarrhea/constipation
pot-bellied appearance
dull, rough hair coat
unthrifty, emaciated, death
still births |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eggs are extremely resistant and can remain viable for years
egg has sticky outer coat
need to use 1:32 bleach solution to remove that
live flame or steam will kill the eggs |
|
|
Term
| Toxicara canis Signs in humans |
|
Definition
Visceral Larval Migrans are the problem in abnormal hosts
common in liver, lungs, brain, eyes
larvae become encapsulated by host response
can remain viable for years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| migrates to brain and can kill abnormal host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eggs in fecal floatation
eggs look similar but are smaller than toxocara canis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prenatal infection does not occur
transmammary route is major source of infection for kittens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in any age cat
asymptomatic, pot-bellied appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
roundworm that infects dogs and cats
non-migratory ascarid, stays in GIT |
|
|
Term
| Anclyostoma caninum Life Cycle |
|
Definition
Southern Hookworm
direct lifecycle |
|
|
Term
| Anclyostoma caninum Signs |
|
Definition
dermatitis at larval penetration sites
anemia, black tarry stools, dull haircoat, unthrifty
Peracute Condition
usually occurs during 2nd week of life
eggs probably not in feces right yet
severe anemia, dark tarry stools
high risk of death - give Nemex right away |
|
|
Term
| Uncinaria stenocephala Life Cycle |
|
Definition
Northern Hookworm
direct lifecycle |
|
|
Term
| Uncinaria stenocephala Life Cycle |
|
Definition
dermatitis at larval penetration sites
anemia, black tarry stools, dull haircoat, unthrifty
Peracute Condition
usually occurs during 2nd week of life
eggs probably not in feces right yet
severe anemia, dark tarry stools
high risk of death - give Nemex right away |
|
|
Term
| Ancylostoma tubaeformae Life Cycle |
|
Definition
Cat Hookworm
direct lifecycle |
|
|
Term
| Trichuris Vulpis Life Cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common cause of large bowel diarrhea in US
whip-like motion slashes and shreds mucosal tissue, lymph, and blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
difficult to find in fecal floatation
eggs are oval with bipolar plugs
dx with therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
females lay 2,000 eggs/day
eggs are highly resistant
avoid overcrowding and good sanitation with bleach |
|
|
Term
| Strongyloides stercoralis Life Cycle |
|
Definition
eggs hatch in intestines
juveniles pass in feces and end up in soil
Heterogonic cycle
If weather is warm, larvae grow into adults (free living male and female)
Lay eggs and develop in larvae
Larvae penetrate animals
Homogonic cycle
If weather is cold, larvae try to find host right away
Larvae migrate and penetrate
Go to small intestine
Can continually autoreinfect |
|
|
Term
| Strongyloides stercoralis Signs |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic to sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Strongyloides stercoralis Dx |
|
Definition
| find larvae in feces using Baermann technique |
|
|
Term
| Capillaria aerophila Lifecycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capillaria aerophila Signs |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic to fatal pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bipolar assymmetrical eggs in feces or trachea swabs
look like whipworm eggs but smaller |
|
|
Term
| Dirofilaria immitis Life Cycle |
|
Definition
Heartworm
mosquito carrying infective heartworm larvae bites a dog
larvae grow, develop, migrate over months in pulmonary arteries
become sexually mature male and female worms
reside in heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels
go into heart if there is a lot of worms
will see worms in heart on necropsy because flaps don't work and worms move
worms mate and females release microfilariae into blood stream
can detect in blood for 6-7 months |
|
|
Term
| Dirofilaria immitis Signs in dogs |
|
Definition
fatigue, coughing with exercise, syncopy
tachycardia, ascites, hepatomegaly - right sided heart failure
Vena Cava Syndrome - massive numbers of heart worms are maturing very quickly in the vena cava
Animal will die within a day |
|
|
Term
| Dirofilaria immitis Dx in dogs |
|
Definition
antigen ELISA test
blood smear for microfilaria
heartworm larvae are immotile
Dipetalonema reconditum larvae are very motile
low infection - present in lower lung lobes
high infection - present in right side of heart |
|
|
Term
| Dirofilaria immitis Tx in dogs |
|
Definition
| doxycycline for 30 days before with immiticide for 3 tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rickettsiae found in all heart worms
heartworms need it to reproduce and they need it to live |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
may contribute to pulmonary and renal inflammation
contact from death of micrfilaria |
|
|
Term
| Dirofilaria immitis Dx in cats |
|
Definition
Antigen kits test for female uterine antigen
Cat may have 2 males in their heart
Can't diagnose it with antigen test
Can't diagnose it with microfilaraie
have to use antibody and antigen test together
radiograph, echocardiography |
|
|
Term
| Dirofilaria immitis Signs in cats |
|
Definition
ARDS - acute respiratory distress syndrome
1-2 worms can cause tricuspid regurgitation and heart murmur
increasing frequency of vomiting unrelated to food
sudden death |
|
|
Term
| Dirofilaria immitis Tx in cats |
|
Definition
| no tx for cats except steroids to minimize inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fecal floatation
can't tell species apart but eggs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
causes hyperemia of gastric mucosa - catarrhal enteritis
poor condition and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Habronema muscae Life Cycle |
|
Definition
worm larvae ingested by fly larvae in manure
worm larvae develop inside fly larvae
mature flies deposit worm larvae on lips, nostrils, wounds of horse
horse licks it
larvae develop in horse's stomach to adult worms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
summer sores
chronic gastritis and ulcerations
pruritis, rubbing, self-mutilation |
|
|
Term
| Parascaris equorum Life Cycle |
|
Definition
equine roundworm
eggs are passed feces and become infective larvae in grass
horse swallows eggs containing infective larvae
burrow into walls of small intestine
carried by bloodstream into liver and lungs
horse coughs up larvae and swallows them
larvae mature into egg-laying adults in intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
summer colds in foals
infection in lungs lead to hemorrhage, pneumonitis, coughing, nasal discharge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
equine pinworm
direct lifecycle
infest large intestine of young horses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
larvae in crypts of intestine may cause localized inflammatory response
adults in large intestine are non-pathogenic
when females lay eggs, intense anal pruritis
rubbing may cause hair loss on tail and secondary bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eggs around anus
difficult to diagnose on fecal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large strongyle that suck blood
migratory
colic |
|
|
Term
| Strongylus vulgars Life cycle |
|
Definition
ingested larvae from pasture enter cecum and colon wall
pass to cranial mesenteric artery and induce thrombi formation
aneurysms
larvae devleop in thrombi and enter circulation
penetrate intestinal wall and enter lumen
develop into adults |
|
|
Term
| Strongylus edentatus Life Cycle |
|
Definition
larvae develop on pasture and ingested by horse
penetrate intestine and enter portal vein
migrates in liver and becomes encapsulated
migrates to hepatic ligaments and subperitoneal connective tissue
travels through mesentery to intestine
forms nodules in right flank intestinal wall
moves into lumen of intestinal wall
moves into lumen of intestine where develop into adults |
|
|
Term
| Strongylus edentatus Signs |
|
Definition
large strongyle that suck blood
migratory
nodules in right flank intestinal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Larval Cyanthostominosis
season sudden onset of diarrhea and rapid weight loss
caused by emergence from intestinal wall of large numbers of small strongyle larvae
seen in spring in northern states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fecal exam may not detect strongyle egg
eggs of large vs. small strongyles cannot be differentiated |
|
|
Term
| Trichostrongylus Life Cycle |
|
Definition
direct life cycle
deadly dew drop contains hundreds of larvae
from overwintered eggs
includes Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Marshallagia, Cooperia, Nematodirus, Nematodirella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypobiosis
period of dormancy of larvae in GI mucosa
triggered by cold weather
become active again in spring
and cause diarrhea
Trichostrongylus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type I - ingestion of large number of L3
Pre-Type II - invasion of gut mucosa by L3 and arrested development hypobiosis
Type II - resume development of large number of arrested L4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unembryonated eggs passed in feces
eggs embryonate to L2
ingest larvae and burrow through all of intestine
migrate to liver, heart lungs
larvae can break out of alveoli into bronchioles, bronchi, trachea
coughed up and swallowed
adults mature in small intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hemorrhagic foci in liver
leads to fibrous milk spots
thumps from verminous pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to summer colds in foals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nodular worm found in large intestine in 50% of farms
seen in confined hogs |
|
|
Term
| Oesophagostomum Life Cycle |
|
Definition
eggs pass in feces
larvae get ingested
pass to large intestine
larvae burrow into wall and cause nodules
larvae development is temperature dependent |
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Term
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Definition
Pig Whipworm
found in cecum and colon
causes profuse bloody diarrhea, dehydration, emaciation, anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| find bipolar eggs in feces |
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Term
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Definition
pig lungworm
found in trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
common in midwest
pneumonia, emphysema |
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Term
| Metastrongylus Life Cycle |
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Definition
embryonated eggs are coughed up and swallowed
ingested by earthworms
develop in L3
pigs eat earthworms
encyst in swine and enter lymphatics
migrate to heart and lungs via thoracic duct
develop into adults in lung |
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Term
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Definition
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