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| the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another |
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| What are several ways to study anatomy? |
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| gross or macroscopic & microscopic, developmental |
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"RSSM"
Regional – all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)
Systemic – gross anatomy of the body studied by system
Surface – study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin
Microscopic – things you see with a ‘scope. |
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| Levels of Structural Organization |
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Chemical – atoms combined to form molecules
Cellular – cells are made of molecules
Tissue – consists of similar types of cells
Organ – made up of different types of tissues
Organ system – consists of different organs that work closely together
Organismal – made up of the organ systems |
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Body erect, feet slightly apart,
Palms facing forward,
Thumbs point away from body |
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| Directional Terms: Superior & Inferior |
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| toward and away from the head, respectively |
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| Directional Terms: Anterior & Posterior |
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| toward the front and back of the body |
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| Directional Terms: Medial, lateral, & intermediate |
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| toward the midline, away from the midline, and between a more medial and lateral structure |
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| Directional Terms: Proximal and distal |
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| – closer to and farther from the origin of the body |
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| toward and away from the body surface |
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| breastbone (in between breasts) |
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head
contains the occipital and otic |
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| contains acromial, vertebral, scapular, brachial, dorsum/dorsal, olecranal, lumbar, sacaral |
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| gluteal, perineal, femoral, popliteal, sural, calcaneal, plantar |
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| back or head or base of skull |
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| region between anus and genitalia |
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| Dorsal cavity (has two parts) |
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| protects the nervous system, and is divided into two subdivisions |
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| Cranial cavity (first part of dorsal cavity) |
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| is within the skull and encases the brain |
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| Vertebral cavity (second part of cranial cavity) |
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| runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord |
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| houses the internal organs (viscera), and is divided into two subdivisions: thoracic and abdominopelvic |
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| is subdivided into pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity |
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| contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs |
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| The abdominopelvic cavity (composed of two subdivisions: abdominal & pelvic cavity) |
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| separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm |
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| contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver and other organs |
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| lies within the pelvis & contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum |
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| Parietal serosa (body cavity membrane) |
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| lines internal body walls |
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| Visceral serosa (body cavity membrane) |
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| covers the internal organs |
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| Serous fluid (body cavity membrane) |
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| mouth and cavities of digestive organs |
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| located within and posterior to the nose |
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| contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations |
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