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| Henry Luce, magazine publisher, forecasted the dawn; 1940s to future; following period of isolationism |
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| Assistant Secretary of State of Economic Affairs |
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| International Monetary Fund (IMF) |
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| int'l organization established in 1945 to assist nations in maintaining stable currencies |
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| International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) |
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| designed to revive postwar int'l trade, it drew on the resources of member natoins to make economic development loans to gov'ts for such projects as new dams or agricultural modernization |
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conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire; established the IMF and World Bank to help rebuild war-torn Europe and to assist develpoment in other nations; 44 Allies representatives there, including US and USSR--however, USSR did not ratify the agreements, therefore allowing a globally capitalist economy |
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| Dumbarton Oaks conference |
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| 1944 meeting for shaping the UN as a world organization that would arbitrate disputes among members as well as impede aggressors, by military force if necessary |
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| five permanent members which had the primary responsibility for the maintenance of int'l peace and security and each enjoyed absolute veto power over the decisions of the other members; US, GB, USSR, Fr, and Nat'list China |
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| the political and economic confrontation between the USSR and the US that dominated world affairs from 1946 to 1989 |
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| Winston Churchill, MO speech; "iron curtain has descended across the [European] continent;" communism/USSR; calling on US to fight against communism |
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| doctrine pronounced in President Truman's statement in 1947 that the US should assist other nations that were facing external pressure or internal revolution |
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| foreign policy-advisor, supported Truman doctrine-pushed for it through his "long telegram" |
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| European Recovery Plan of June 5, 1947, committing the US to help in the rebuilding of post-World War II Europe; indirectly aimed to turn back both socialist and communist electoral bids for power in northern and western Europe; possibly most successful postwar US diplomatic venture; brought American goods and lifestyles to European countries; helped spread of capitalism; increased tensions between USSR and US |
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| 300 day Soviet blockade of land access to US, GB, and Fr occupation zones in Berlin, 1948-1949; Operation Vittles/US aid and sending of supplies to West Berliners--when USSR lifted blockade, western Germany became the Federal Republic of West Germany, and USSR created the German Democratic Republic in their sector. |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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| organization of 10 European countries, Canada, and US who together formeda a mutual defense pact in April 1949; complemented the Marshall Plan--Truman doctrine explained containment, Marshall Plan put into place economic underpinnings, NATO created mechanism for military enforcement; counterpart to NATO, by USSR was the Warsaw Pact |
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| critics' phrase; showed how unpopular Truman really was--not completely his fault since he was D prez and the Congress was R |
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| created the Council of Economic Advisers |
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| Council of Economic Advisers |
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| Board of three professional economists established in 1946 to advise the president on economic policy |
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Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947 (aka Taft-Hartley Act) |
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| brought an end to closed shop, secondary boycott, and the use of union dues for political activity; federal legislation of 1947 that substantially limited the tools available to labor unions in labor-management disputes |
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Truman (D) vs. Dewey (R) vs. Strom Thurmond (Dixiecrat) vs. Henry Wallace (P); Truman won; "Give 'em Hell" Harry; creation of Israel; success of Berlin airlift |
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| anti-communism, cold war liberalism; couldn't make headway due to R Congress and committees; to further the New Deal; stonewalled by Congress |
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| McCarthyism, Red Scare, anticommunism, use of media |
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| National Security Act of 1947 |
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| nat'l security needed to expand--particularly in a time of threat (USSR/communism); established the Dep't of Defense and the Nat'l Security Council (NSC) and the Nat'l Security Resources Board (NSRB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); required huge workforce--jobs to unemployed |
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| National Security Council (NSC) |
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| the formal policy-making body for nat'l defense and foreign relations, created in 1947 and consisting of the president, the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, and the others appointed by the president |
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| Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |
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| agency established in 1947 that coordinates the gathering and evaluation of military and economic information on other nations |
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| created a loyalty program for all federal employees; the new Federal Employee Loyalty and Security Program established a political test for federal employment; Attorney General Tom Clark supported and aided this |
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| Internal Security (McCarran) Act |
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| required communist organizations to register with the Subversive Activities Control Board and authorized the arrest of suspect persons during a nat'l emergency |
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| Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 |
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| also supported by Senator McCarran; barred "subversive" or "homosexual" persons from becoming citizens or even from visiting the US; also empowered the Attorney General to deport communist immigrants, even if they were citizens |
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| House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) |
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| originally intended to ferret out pro-Fascists, it later investigated "un-American" propaganda that attacked const'l gov't |
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| Alger Hiss accused of being communist; "pumpkin papers" and Nixon; communist infiltration of federal governement threat |
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| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, a former government engineer and his wife; accussed of stealing and plotting to share atomic secrets to USSR; jury found them guilty of conspiring to commit espionage; died in the electric chair, even after big figures pleaded for clemency |
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| anti-communist attitudes and actions associated with Senator Joe McCarthy in the early 1950s, including smear tactics and innuendo; "Better Dead than Red;" American Legion and Chambers of Commerce supported this; persecuted Civil Rights Congress and Negro Youth Council and women's and homosexuals' organizations and groups |
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| Truman's second Secretary of State |
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| The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), Out of the Past, Detour, and They Live by Night, Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman; film noir ("black"); J.D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye; The Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) |
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| baby boom, high rates of consumer spending--> more working women, Ferdinand Lundberg's and Marynia Farnham's Modern Woman: The Lost Sex (1947), Baby and Child Care (1946), Life magazine |
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| legislation in June 1944 that eased the return of veterans into American society by providing educational and employment benefits |
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| White Sands Missile Range & Holloman Air Force Base |
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| military growth due to Cold War, for designing dangerous and secretive installations in the New Mexican desert |
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| Irving Berlin, zeal for democracy, spread of democracy, American Heritage Foundation, Attornery General Tom Clark and President Truman supported |
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| federal program, patriotic messages in public education |
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| Jiang Jieshi (aka Chiang Kai-shek) |
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| pro-Western Nationalist government of China, collapsed, Mao Zedong defeated Nat'ist party--> Taiwan; 1949, People's Republic of China (PRC) was formally established |
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| Pacific war started on June 25, 1950, when North Korea helped by USSR equipment and Chinese training, attacked South Korea |
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| General Douglas MacArthur |
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| Korean War, China, Pacific theatre, dismissed on APril 10, 1951, for insubordination, actions certain to lead o a Chinese-American war, tried to invade Communist territory unauthorized |
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National Security Council Paper 68 (NSC-68) |
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| policy statement that committed the US to a military approach to the Cold War |
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| designed to promote the better understanding of the US among peoples of the world and to strengthen cooperative int'l relations, anti-communist |
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| line marking the division between North and South Korea and Communist and Democratic Korea |
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| anti-communist propaganda designed by professors from Harvard and MIT, aimed to penetrate the Iron Curtain |
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| Psychological Strategy Board |
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| designed to coordinate various operations aimed to rollback Soviet power |
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| "carpet bombing" and napalm, destroying supplies, killing everyone |
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| dark comedy inspired by the Korean War |
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| Truman/Stevenson (D) vs. Eisenhower "Ike"/Nixon (R); Eisenhower/Nixon win; "I Like Ike;" modern republicanism; "The Poor Richard Show;" Eisenhower Movement; R takes the lead! |
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