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Elvis Presley, Slim Whitman, rock'n'roll, Memphis |
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| The Affluent Society, label to postwar America |
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| landslide victory in election 1952, encouraged a voluntary relationship between government and business, social harmony and "the good life" linked in the home, "middle of the road," evasive style |
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| former GM chief Charles Wilson as Secretary of Defense, "What was good for our country was good for GM, and vice versa" |
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| Submerged Land Act of 1953 |
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| transferred $40 billion dollars worth of disputed ffshore oil lands from the fed gov't to the Gulf States, greater role for the states and private companies in the oil business, cost Treasury billions in lost revenue |
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| Department of Health, Education, and Welfare |
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| Oveta Culp Hobby as secretary, second woman as cabinet member, modest expansion of Social Security and unemployment insurance and small increases in the min wage |
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| Federal Housing Administration (FHA) |
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| extended gov't's role in subsidizing the housing industry, bias toward suburban, middle-class communities, racist and discrimination |
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| planned community, suburb--as most suburbs become; developer William Levitt, "General Motors of the housing industry," first mass production of home building, used largely unskilled, nonunion workers |
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| Federal Highway Act of 1956 |
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| measure that provided federal funding to build a nationwide system of interstate and defense highways, boosted postwar growth, esp in suburbs; best roads in world, worst public transportation system |
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| National Defense Education Act of 1958 (NDEA) |
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| 1958 act that allocated $280 million in grants for state universities to upgrade their science facilities, created $300 million in low-interest loans for college students, and provided fellowship support for graduate students planning on going into college and university teaching--> education is now a national interest |
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| suburban domesticity = women's only path to happiness and fulfillment; defined by housework, child care, and boredom; Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique; more religion; impact of CARS; self-segregation and zoning |
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| American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) |
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| AFL- dominated by old-line construction and craft unions; CIO- centered around unions in mass-production industry; George Meany, in charge of AFL; Walter Reuther, CIO head; 1955 came together to offer the best strategy of the labor movement--> Meany was the president and Reuther was the director of the Industrial Union Department |
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1959 act that widened gov't control over union affairs and further restricted union use of picketing and secondary boycotts during strikes |
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| "wonder drugs" and advanced medical treatment |
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| penicillin, vaccines, epidemics (like TB, diptheria, whooping cough, measles and polio) virtually disappeared, not attained by everyone due to money and insurance, less general practitioners and more hospital ERs and outpatient clinics |
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| American Medical Association (AMA) |
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| against gov't involvement/responsibility for the public's health, denounced proposals as "socialized medicine," Medicare (for the elderly) and Medicaid (for the poor) created in 1965 |
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| caught b/t desire to carve out their own separate sphere and the pressure to become an adult as quickly as possible, dominant voice in cultural fads, older siblings of baby boomers, consuming teenagers, advertisers directed their messages at the youth market, teenagers developed a shared culture |
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| termed by Alan Freed, a white Cleveland dj; describes the black rhythm and blues |
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influential songwriter/singer/guitarrist to come out of the "golden age of rock'n'roll" |
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increase in juvenile crime during 1950s, mass media was to blame for inciting youths to criminal acts; The Wild One, Brando; Rebel Without a Cause, James Dean |
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| 3 networks/channels: NBC, CBS, and ABC, grew directly from radio organizations, depended on and trasnformed advertising; 1st nat'l hit: The Milton Berle Show, sports, comedies/sitcoms, Ed Sullivan, Walt Disney/Davy Crockett, tv news not shown until 1963 |
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| sen Estes Kefauver's investigation on organized crime, sen Joe McCarthy's army badgering in cases, Richard Nixon's "Checkers" speech, BBD&O (Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborne- R ad agency) |
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| led by novelist Jack Kerouac and poet Allen Ginsberg; shared distrust of American virtues of progress, power and material gain; celebrated spontaneity, friendship, jazz, open sexuality, drug use and the outcasts of American society--like an orgy, but made of writers--> "beatnik" which is someone who dresses in black, wearing sunglasses and berets, and acting rebellious and alienated--> foreshadowed the mass youth rebellion and coutnerculture to come in the 1960s |
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Secretary of State, under Eisenhower |
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| new USSR leader, wanted peacful coexistence between the two superpowers; withdrew troops from Austria, unilaterally suspended nuclear testing, U-2 pilot and need for apology from Ike, confronted Kennedy in the Cuban Missile Crisis |
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| National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) |
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| coordinated space exploration and missile development, accelerated arms race and expanded the defense sector of the economy |
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| brother of Secretary of state, director of CIA, had agents stationed throughout the world and involved in political activity |
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Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, Br, Suez canal |
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| US policy shaped by Sec of State John Foster Dulles, Ika used CIA to subvert democratically elected gov'ts in Iran and Guatemala--> antiamerican backlash |
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| Fr receive massive military aid and CIA cooperation, vs the Vietminh movement, Dien Bien Phu, $2.6 billion to Fr |
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| the "loss" of Vietnam would threaten other Southeast Asia nations |
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| accord that called for reunification and nat'l elections in Vietnam in 1956; due to Fr division at 17th parallel and temporary cease-fire; in response US created SEATO (Southeast Asia Trade Organization); SV- Ngo Dinh Diem as leader, not well liked; NV- Ho Chi Minh, communist; Vietnam civil war on horizon... |
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National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE) |
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| against nuclear weapons and civil defense drills |
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| John F Kennedy (D) vs Nixon (R); "Ask not what your country can do for ouy--ask what you can do for your country" |
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| JFK's domestic and foreign policy initiatives, designed to reinvigorate sense of nat'l purpose and energy; victories: modest increase in the min wage, less ambitious Social Security, public housing; Manpower Retraining Act, Higher Education Act of 1963, and Area Redevelopment Act, Peace Corps, Commission on the Status of Women (Eleanor Roosevelt), Revenue ACt of 1962, NASA/USSR/sputnik/space race, strengthen executive branch |
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| program of economic aid to Latin America during the Kennedy administration, sorta a Marshall Plan but Kennedy's, to benefit the poor and middle classes of Latin America |
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| direct impetus of Alliance for Progress, Fidel Castro, Cuban Communist Party, USSR, Bay of Pigs invasion, missile crisis, US EPIC FAIL!!!!!! |
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| site in Cuba of an unsuccessful landing by 1400 anti-Castro Cuban refugees in April 1961 |
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| crisis between USSR and US over the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba |
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| Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty |
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| treaty, signed by US, Br, and USSR, outlawing nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water |
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| JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Lee Harvey Oswald=killer, JFK was only president for 1000 days! his successor is LBJ (Lyndon B Johnson) |
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| Theme of LBJ's adminstration, focusing on poverty, education, and civil rights |
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