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OU BIO 206 Spinal Cord/Senses
N/A
69
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/05/2013

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Cards

Term
Gray matter is an area of ___ ____ within the CNS
Definition
cell bodies
Term
Gray matter forms ___, ___, and ___ horns
Definition
ventral, dorsal, lateral
Term
___, ___, and ____ divisions of sensory and motor nuclei are found within the specific horns
Definition
visceral, autonomic, & somatic
Term
White matter is an area of ____ within the CNS
Definition
axons (or fibers)
Term
The ___ matter is oriented external to the ___ matter
Definition
white, gray
Term
Each ascending or descending ____ (or ____) contains a specific distribution of either motor or sensory axons
Definition
tract, fasciculus
Term
The ___ ___  contains sensory neurons only
Definition
dorsal root
Term
The dorsal root divides into multiple __ ___ that enter into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord gray matter
Definition
dorsal rootlets
Term
The ___ ____ ____ is an enlarged portion of the ___ root
Definition
dorsal root ganglion; dorsal
Term
A _____ is an area of cell bodies outside the CNS
Definition
ganglion
Term
The ____ root contains the axons of motor neurons only
Definition
ventral
Term
The ventral roots arise from multiple ___ ___ that emerge from the ventral horn of the spinal cord gray matter
Definition
ventral rootlets
Term
The ___ ___ is formed when the ventral and dorsal root join
Definition
spinal nerve
Term
The short spinal nerve traverses the ___ ___ of the vertebral column
Definition
intervertebral foramen
Term
The spinal nerve contains _____ nerve fibers
Definition
sensory and motor ("mixed spinal nerves")
Term
The spinal nerve divides into a large ___ and smaller ___
Definition
ventral ramus; dorsal ramus
Term
The ventral ramus supplies the anterior trunk, ___ & ___
Definition
upper & lower limbs
Term
The dorsal rami supply all of the structures on the ___
Definition
back (including muscular distribution to the deep back mm and cutaneous innervation to the skin of the back)
Term
____ (or ___) form synapses between sensory and motor neurons
Definition
interneurons; internuncial neurons
Term
Interneurons form synapses in the __ matter of the spinal cord. Some remain there relay AP to a ____ neuron at the same level. Others can cross into the ____ matter and ___ the spinal cord
Definition
gray, motor , white, ascend
Term
Motor neurons have their cell bodies within the ___ matter of the spinal cord
Definition
gray
Term
Order of fiber tracts, sensory
Definition
dorsal & ventral rami> mixed spinal n> dorsal root ganglion> dorsal root> white matter> brain
Term
Order of fiber tracts, motor
Definition
brain> white matter> ventral root> mixed spinal n> ventral & dorsal rami> effector organs
Term
(total & names) cervical spinal nn
Definition
8, C1-C8
Term
Spinal nerve C1 emerges (above/below) Atlas
Definition
above
Term
Cervical spinal nerves C2-C8 arise (above/below) their corresponding cervical vertebrae
Definition
above
Term
(Total, names) thoracic spinal nn, arise (above/below) corresponding vertebrae
Definition
12, T1-T12;  below
Term
(Total, name) lumbar spinal nn(above/below) corresponding vertebrae
Definition
5, L1-L5, below
Term
The roots that comprise the sacral and coccygeal spinal nn emerge from the ____ ____
Definition
conus medullaris
Term
(Total) sacral nn, (total) coccygeal nn
Definition
5, 1 (through sacral hiatus)
Term
The spinal cord occupies the (fraction) of the vertebral canal
Definition
upper 2/3
Term
The spinal cord extends inferiorly to the level of ____
Definition
L2
Term
The conical shaped structure at the lower end of the spinal cord is called ____, at the level of ___
Definition
conus medullaris; L2
Term
Inferior to the level of L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by the (structure)
Definition
cauda equina ("horse's tail")
Term
The cauda equina consists of the ___ & ___ of the lower spinal nn
Definition
ventral and dorsal roots
Term
The ___, ____,& ____ surround the brain, extend through the foramen magnum, and course inferiorly within the vertebral canal to the coccyx
Definition
dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
Term
The pia mater courses inferiorly from the conus medullaris as the ____ which courses through the vertebral canal and attaches inferiorly to the coccyx
Definition
filum terminale
Term
The ___ ____ anchors the spinal cord in place and prevents its distortion with movements of the body
Definition
filum terminale
Term
The three layers/tunics of the eye are:
Definition
sclera, choroid, & retina
Term
The ____ is the outer layer of the eye
Definition
sclera
Term
The outer sclera is white except for the transparent ___ (window of the eye)
Definition
cornea
Term
The middle, dark brown layer of the eye called the ___ is vascular and absorbs stray light rays
Definition
choroid
Term
Toward the front of the eye, the choroid thickens to form the ring-shaped ____
Definition
ciliary body
Term
The ciliary muscles of the ciliary body (perform what action) for close and distant visual acuity
Definition
control the shape of the lens
Term
Lens accommodation is accomplished by contraction of the ___ ___ attached to ___ ___
Definition
ciliary muscles; suspensory ligaments
Term
The suspensory ligaments attach to the ___ of the lens
Definition
periphery
Term
>Contraction of the ciliary mm will result in the flattening of the ___, allowing us to focus on __ objects
Definition
lens, distant
Term
The choroid also gives rise to the muscular, pigmented diaphragm called the __, that regulates the size of the pupil
Definition
iris
Term
The ____ is the hole in the center of the iris through which light passes into the eyeball
Definition
pupil
Term
The cavity of the eye is divided into two smaller cavities termed the ___ & ____ ____ (or ____)
Definition
anterior, posterior cavities; chambers
Term
Pressure in the eyeball is maintained by the clear, gelatinous material of the ___ ___ in the posterior cavity (behind the lens, constant volume)
Definition
vitreous humor
Term
Pressure in the eyeball is maintained by the clear, watery fluid of the ___ ___ in the anterior cavity (posterior to the cornea, anterior to lens) secreted by the ciliary bodies
Definition
aqueous humor
Term
The inner layer of the eye (retina) contains ___ & ___ cells
Definition
rods; cones
Term
Rod and cone cells are called _____ cells. They react to light by hyperpolarizing and generating APs
Definition
photoreceptor
Term
____ are very sensitive to light, allowing for vision at low light levels and color
Definition
rods
Term
___ are less sensitive to light and are involved more with visual acuity
Definition
cones
Term
The yellowish, oval depression called the ___ ___ has the highest concentration of cone cells and highest visual acuity
Definition
fovea centralis
Term
The nn fibers from rod and cone cells converge on the ___ __ and form the optic n (CN II)
Definition
optic disc
Term
The optic disc does not have ___ & ___ (Sometimes called the "___ ____" of the eye.)
Definition
rods, cones; blind spot
Term
The outer ear consists of the ____ (external flap of cartilage and skin) and ___ ___
Definition
pinna, auditory canal
Term
The middle ear begins at the ___ ___ and ends at the wall containing the __ ____
Definition
tympanic membrane; oval window
Term
In the middle ear, there is a collection of small bones called
Definition
ossicles
Term
Name the three ossicles of the ear
Definition
malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
Term
The (ossicle) attaches to the tympanic membrane and the (ossicle) contacts the oval window
Definition
malleus; stapes
Term
Name the inner ear's three regions
Definition
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
Term
Involved in equilibrium and balance
Definition
semicircular canals (& vestibule inner ear)
Term
Involved in hearing, lined with stereocilia
Definition
cochlea
Term
The ____ ___ extends from the middle ear to the nasopharynx
Definition
eustachian tube
Term
What is the function of the eustachian tube?
Definition
equalization of air pressure when yawning or swallowing
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