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OU BIO 206 Respiratory & Digestive
N/A
127
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2013

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Cards

Term
The __ is the funnel shaped space from the base of the skull to the esophagus
Definition
pharynx
Term
The three regions of the pharynx are
Definition
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Term
The __ is posterior to the nasal cavity and contains the __ tube
Definition
nasopharynx; eustachian
Term
The __ is posterior to the oral cavity and is separated from the nasopharynx by the __
Definition
oropharynx; uvula
Term
The opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx is called the
Definition
oropharyngeal isthmus
Term
The ___ (hypopharynx) extends from the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage
Definition
laryngopharynx
Term
The __ is a cartilaginous structure at the superior portion of the trachea for protection and vocalization
Definition
larynx
Term
The larynx consists of these cartilaginous tissues:
Definition
thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, arytinoid, corniculate cartilage
Term
The __ cartilage is discontinuous posteriorly, composed of two lamina
Definition
thyroid
Term
The two lamina of the thyroid cartilage fuse midsagittaly to form the (structures)
Definition
laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple) & supreior thyroid notch
Term
The __ cartilage is a circular ring and is attached to the trachea superiorly
Definition
cricoid
Term
The cricoid cartilage has a ___ and anteriorly forms an __
Definition
lamina; arch
Term
The cricoid cartilage attaches the the trachea via the
Definition
cricotracheal ligament
Term
The ___ is a leaf shaped cartilage that opens and closes the laryngeal cavity
Definition
epiglottis
Term
The inferior end of the epiglottis is called the (2 names)

 

Definition
stalk or petiolus
Term
The epiglottis attaches to which cartilage
Definition
thyroid
Term
The (2 names) folds have no role in vocal production
Definition
vestibular & false vocal
Term
The (2 names) folds have serve in vocal production
Definition
ventricular vocal & true vocal
Term
Vocal production is a result of (actions) of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Definition
abduction & adduction
Term
The __ is a cartilaginous and membranous tube composed of 16-20 C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
Definition
trachea
Term
The trachea extends from the ___ to its bifurcation into __
Definition
cricoid cartilage; 2 primary bronchi
Term
What is the approximate length of the trachea
Definition
15 cm
Term
The trachea is connected to what posterior structure
Definition
esophagus
Term
A primary bronchus enters the lung at the location called the
Definition
hilus
Term
The right primary bronchus is ___ & ___, forming a less acute angle
Definition
wider & shorter (2.5 cm)
Term
The right primary bronchus divides into (#) secondary bronchi
Definition
3
Term
The left primary bronchus divides into (#) secondary bronchi
Definition
2
Term
The left primary bronchus is __ & ___, forming a more acute angle
Definition
narrower & longer
Term
Secondary bronchi divide into ____ bronchi
Definition
tertiary
Term
Tertiary bronchi divide into ___ (regions)
Definition
bronchopulmonary segments
Term
The bronchopulmonary segments are separated by ____ that prevent diffusion of air
Definition
connective tissue septa
Term
Tertiary bronchi divide into numerous
Definition
bronchioles
Term
Terminal bronchioles divide into ___ bronchioles where a few alveoli bud off
Definition
respiratory
Term
Respiratory bronchioles branch into 2-11
Definition
alveolar ducts
Term
From the alveolar ducts arise single
Definition
alveoli (and alveolar sacs)
Term
At the level of the alveoli there is no longer any
Definition
cartilage or smooth muscle
Term
The alveolar wall and capillary wall constitute the __, the site of gas exchange
Definition
respiratory membrane
Term
Each lung presents a(n) ___ (rounded end)
Definition
apex
Term
Name the three surfaces of the lung
Definition
costal, diaphragmatic, & medial
Term
The hilus of the lung us found on what surface
Definition
medial
Term
The medial surface of the lung is adjacent to the (structure)
Definition
mediastinum
Term
The ___ is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity
Definition
mediastinum
Term
The mediastinum contains the (8 items)
Definition
heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, lymph nodes, thymus, thoracic duct
Term
All of the structures that enter and exit the hilus of the lung are called the
Definition
root of the lung
Term
Name the structures that form the root of the lung
Definition
pulmonary artery (1), pulmonary veins (2), primary bronchus (1)
Term
Name the fissure(s) of the right lung
Definition
horizontal & oblique
Term
Name the lobes of the right lung
Definition
superior, middle, inferior
Term
Name the fissure(s) of the left lung
Definition
oblique
Term
Name the lobes of the left lung
Definition
superior & inferior
Term
The (structure) is found on the lower anterior margin of the superior left lobe
Definition
lingula
Term
The ___ is a thin, serous membrane located within the thoracic cavity
Definition
pleura
Term
A serous membrane is composed of what two layers
Definition
inner mesothelium & outer connective tissue
Term
The __ pleura covers the surface of the lungs and is insensitive to pain
Definition
visceral
Term
The __ pleura lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall and is very sensitive to pain
Definition
parietal
Term
Name the 4 types of parietal pleura
Definition
cupular (cupula), costal, daiphragmatic, mediastinal
Term
The ___ is the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, filled with a thin film of fluid
Definition
pleural cavity
Term
The pleural cavity is maintained in a continual state of
Definition
negative (hydrostatic) pressure
Term
air on the lung
Definition
pneumothorax
Term
blood on the lung
Definition
hemothorax
Term
The diaphragm is innervated by the __ nerve
Definition
phrenic
Term
Name the three openings in the diaphragm
Definition
caval opening, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus
Term
Opening in the diaphragm at the level of T8
Definition
caval opening
Term
Opening in the diaphragm at the level of T10
Definition
esophageal opening
Term
Opening in the diaphragm at the level of T12
Definition
aortic hiatus
Term
The enzyme that initiates the breakdown of starch in the mouth
Definition
salivary amylase
Term
Name the three salivary glands
Definition
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Term
The ___ glands are external to the ramus of the mandible
Definition
parotid
Term
The __ glands are just below the mandible
Definition
submandibular
Term
The __ glands are just below the tongue
Definition
sublingual
Term
The __ is a 30 cm muscular tube for the passage of food
Definition
esophagus
Term
Name the three regions of the esophagus
Definition
cervical, thoracic, abdominal
Term
The esophagus terminates by joining the stomach at the
Definition
gastroesophageal junction
Term
The __ is located between the cavity of the esophagus and cavity of the stomach
Definition
cardiac opening
Term
The ___ curvature of the stomach is on the right side of the stomach
Definition
lesser
Term
The ___ curvature of the stomach is on the left side of the stomach
Definition
greater
Term
The __ of the stomach is the domed portion above the entrance
Definition
fundus
Term
The __ of the stomach is located between the fundus and pyloric zone
Definition
body
Term
The __ is located at the distal end of the stomach
Definition
pyloric zone
Term
The opening between the stomach and duodenum is called the
Definition
pyloric sphincter
Term
The internal surface of the stomach presents ___ (gastric folds)
Definition
rugae
Term
Name three digestive enzymes secreted within the stomach
Definition
pepsin, gastrin, intrinsic factor
Term
The connective tissue, adipose embedded structure connected to the stomach's greater curvature
Definition
greater omentum
Term
Name the first part of the small intestine and its 4 parts
Definition
duodenum; superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
Term
The __ is the proximal 2/5 of the remainder of the small intestine
Definition
jejunum
Term
The __ is the distal 3/5 of the remainder of the small intestine
Definition
ileum
Term
Name three digestive enzymes secreted by the small intestine
Definition
enterokinase, cholecytokinin, secretin
Term
What does pepsin do
Definition
digestion of proteins
Term
What does gastrin do
Definition
stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Term
What does intrinsic factor do
Definition
mediates the absorption of vitamin B12
Term
What does enterokinase do
Definition
activates pancreatic enzymes
Term
What does cholecystokinin do
Definition
stimulates gallbladder contraction & secretion of bicarbonate
Term
What does secretin do
Definition
stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes (trypsin & chymotrypsin)
Term
What is the name of the location joining the ileum and cecum
Definition
ileocecal junction
Term
The ileocecal junction is guarded by what
Definition
ileocecal opening & valve
Term
Is the ileocecal valve sphincteric
Definition
No, it is two folds
Term
What is the soft tissue appendage attached to the medial aspect of the cecum
Definition
vermiform appendix
Term
Give the regions of the large intestine (colon) in order form ileocecal junction to anus
Definition
cecum> ascending colon> hepatic (right colic) flexure> transverse colon> splenic (left colic) flexure> descending colon> sigmoid colon> rectum
Term
The small intestine is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the
Definition
mesentery
Term
The large intestine is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the
Definition
mesocolon
Term
The __ is the bilayered connective tissue that lines the abdominal cavity and organs
Definition
peritoneum
Term
The __ peritoneum lines the abdominal wall
Definition
parietal
Term
The __ peritoneum lines the surface of the abdominal organs
Definition
visceral
Term
Name the space between the two peritoneal layers lined with fluid
Definition
peritoneal cavity
Term
Veins drain the small and large intestine carry blood rich is __ yet rich in ____
Definition
deoxygenated; nutrients
Term
The mesenteric veins converge to from the __ vein that enters the liver
Definition
hepatic portal
Term
The hepatic portal vein enters the liver at the (location)
Definition
porta hepatis
Term
The liver uses sugars, amino acids, and fats absorbed from the intestinal wall and process it into
Definition
energy currency to drive the metabolism
Term
The liver is a(n) __ gland that produces ___
Definition
exocrine; bile
Term
What are the 4 lobes of the liver
Definition
right, left, caudate, quadrate
Term
The __ ligament of the liver attaches to the diaphragm superiorly
Definition
coronary
Term
The ___ ligament of the liver attaches to the anterior abdominal wall
Definition
falciform
Term
The falciform ligament contains the
Definition
obliterated umbilical vein
Term
The gallbladder is located on between what lobes of the liver
Definition
right & quadrate
Term
The gallbladder ____ bile
Definition
stores and concentrates
Term
Bile is responsible for the ___ and absorption of fats and the fat soluble vitamins ____
Definition
digestion; A,D,E,K
Term
Name the three parts of the pancreas
Definition
head, body, tail
Term
As an exocrine organ, the pancreas produces
Definition
digestive enzymes
Term
As an endocrine gland, the pancreas produces the hormones
Definition
glucagon and insulin
Term
The ___ is a secondary lymphatic organ in the upper left abdominal quadrant
Definition
spleen
Term
The spleen is responsible for the breakdown of ___ and the heme group is used to make __ in the liver
Definition
RBCs; bilirubin
Term
The spleen is also the site of the maturation of ___
Definition
B & T lymphocytes
Term
The right and left hepatic duct join to form the ___
Definition
common hepatic duct
Term
The gallbladder is drained by the __ duct
Definition
cystic
Term
The common hepatic and cystic duct join to form the
Definition
common bile duct
Term
The pancreas is drained by the ___ duct
Definition
pancreatic
Term
The pancreatic duct joins with the common bile duct to form the
Definition
hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater
Term
The duct system joins with the ___ portion of the duodenum
Definition
descending
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