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OU BIO 206 Heart & Circulation
N/A
137
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/13/2013

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Term
Anteriorly, the heart is protected by the:
Definition
Sternum
Term
Laterally, the heart is protected by the ___, ____, and ____
Definition
ribs, intercostal mm, and lungs
Term
Posteriorly, the heart is protected by the ____
Definition
thoracic vertebrae
Term
What is the pericardium?
Definition
A tough, connective tissue sac encasing the heart
Term
The outer layer of the pericardium blends with ___ of the ___ inferiorly
Definition
central tendon; diaphragm
Term
The pericardium's fibrous layer blends with the ____
Definition
major blood vessels of the heart (vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk)
Term
Name for cardiac muscle
Definition
myocardium
Term
Epithelial tissue lining the internal chambers of the heart
Definition
endocardium
Term
Where is the base of the heart?
Definition
The base is located superiorly & posteriorly
Term
Where is the apex of the heart?
Definition
It projects inferiorly and to the left, around the level of the left 6th costal cartilage
Term
Where are the auricles located?
Definition
They are appendages found attached to the lateral surface of the right and left atria
Term
What do the auricles do?
Definition
Increase in the internal surface area of the right and left atria
Term
What parts of the body does the superior vena cava drain?
Definition
head, neck, upper limbs
Term
What two veins join to form the superior vena cava?
Definition
R&L brachiocephalic vein
Term
Where does the aorta supply blood to? Where does it originate?
Definition
>Supplies the entire body. Aortic semilunar valve
Term
What are the three regions of the aorta?
Definition
ascending, aortic arch, descending
Term
Name the vessel that blood flows into after exiting the right ventricle
Definition
Pulmonary trunk
Term
Blood in the pulmonary trunk is (oxygenated/deoxygenated)
Definition
>deoxygenated
Term
The (vessel) drains the lower limb and enters the right atrium
Definition
Inferior vena cava
Term
The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into the
Definition
R & L pulmonary arteries
Term
The four pulmonary veins drain into the (area of heart)
Definition
left atrium
Term
The ____ circulation refers to the blood supply to the myocardium
Definition
coronary
Term
The first two branches off the aorta give off the (vessels)
Definition
R & L coronary arteries
Term
The right coronary gives off what two branches
Definition
right marginal & posterior interventricular branch
Term
The right coronary artery terminates by anatastomosing with what branch of the left coronary artery
Definition
circumflex branch
Term
What are the two branches of the left coronary artery
Definition
circumflex branch & left anterior descending (anterior interventricular branch)
Term
The left coronary artery terminates by anatastomosing with what vessel
Definition
posterior interventricular branch
Term
What are the names of the veins that drain the myocardium
Definition
cardiac veins
Term
The three major veins of the heart drain into the
Definition
coronary sinus
Term
The __ vein courses with the L.A.D and circumflex branch and becomes the __
Definition
great cardiac; coronary sinus
Term
The __ vein courses with the right marginal branch
Definition
small cardiac
Term
The __ vein courses with the posterior interventricular artery
Definition
middle cardiac
Term
The ___ is a short, wide vessel that receives all three cardiac veins and empties into the ___
Definition
coronary sinus; right atrium
Term
The ___ veins are 2 or 3 small vessels that drain the right ventricle and end directly in the right atrium
Definition
anterior cardiac
Term
The ___ are numerous small veins that drain the myocardium and empty into all 4 chambers of the heart
Definition
venae cordis minimae
Term
What are the major veins that empty into the right atrium
Definition
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
Term
The ___ is a vertical muscular ridge on the posterior wall of the right atrium
Definition
crista terminalis
Term
___ are ridge-like projections of muscle in the right atrium (also found in the R & L auricles)
Definition
musculi pectinati (pectinate muscle)
Term
What is the partition between the right and left atria
Definition
interatrial septum
Term
What is the depression on the interatrial septum
Definition
fossa ovalis
Term
The fossa ovalis is surrounded at its periphery by a ridge called the
Definition
limbus fossa ovalis
Term
The fossa ovalis is the remnant of what foramen prior to birth
Definition
foramen ovale
Term
What are the two names given to the structure between the right atrium and right ventricle
Definition
right atrioventricular (A.V.) valve & tricuspid valve
Term
The atrioventricular valves are composed of what three parts
Definition
cusps, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle
Term
What are the connective tissue cords that attach to the lower surface of the AV valve cusps
Definition
chordae tendineae
Term
What are the folds of ventricular muscle that attach to the chordae tendineae
Definition
papillary muscle
Term
What is the muscle type found in the ventricles
Definition
trabeculae carneae
Term
Papillary muscle is a type of what muscle
Definition
trabeculae carneae
Term
__ is a band of trabeculae carneae that attaches to the interventricular septum (with conduction nerve fibers)
Definition
septomarginal trabeculae
Term
Blood leaves the right ventricle through the (valve)
Definition
pulmonary semilunar
Term
Each semilunar valve has (#) cusps
Definition
3
Term
__ is the small central thickening of fibrous tissue on the semilunar valves
Definition
nodule
Term
The __ is a narrow thin crescent extending from the sides of the nodule (on the semilunar valves)
Definition
lunula
Term
The space between the semilunar valve cusps and wall of the vessels are called
Definition
sinuses
Term
Where is musculi pectinati found in the left atrium
Definition
left auricle (the walls are smooth)
Term
What and how many vessels empty into the left atrium
Definition
4 pulmonary veins
Term
What at the three names for the valve between the left atrium and ventricle
Definition
left atrioventricular, mitral, & bicuspid valve
Term
The ventricles are separated by what structure
Definition
interventricular septum
Term
How does the thickness of the muscle wall differ between the right and left ventricle
Definition
The left is twice as thick than the right
Term
The opening to the aorta is guarded by the __ valve
Definition
aortic semilunar
Term
The aortic ___ are spaces between the cusps of the semilunar valve and are the origin of the __ (vessels)
Definition
sinuses; R & L coronary arteries
Term
Nerve impulses of the heart initiate at the __, at the base of the superior vena cava
Definition
sinuatrial (SA) node
Term
Following the SA node, nerve impulses of the heart travel to the __, in the interventricular septum
Definition
atrioventricular (AV) node
Term
Following the AV node, nerve impulses of the heart travel to the ___ (bundle) and __ (branches)
Definition
atrioventricular (AV) bundle (of His); R & L bundle branches
Term
In the conduction system of the heart, the ___ are last and radiate throughout the ventricles
Definition
purkinje fibers
Term
Parasympathetic innervation to the heart is supplied by the
Definition
CN X, Vagus n
Term
Release of the neurotransmitter, ___, at the SA node will decrease heart rate
Definition
acetylcholine (Ach)
Term
Sympathetic innervation of the heart is derived from the ___, located on either side of the spinal column
Definition
sympathetic chain ganglion
Term
Release of the neurotransmitter, ___, directly on the myocardium of the ventricles will increase heart rate
Definition
norepinephrine
Term
The first branch off of the aortic arch is the
Definition
brachiocephalic trunk
Term
The brachiocephalic trunk branches into the (2 vessels)
Definition
right subclavian & right common carotid arteries
Term
The second branch of the aortic arch is the
Definition
left common carotid artery
Term
The third branch of the aortic arch is the
Definition
left subclavian artery
Term
Blood supply to the head and neck are derived from the __ & __ arteries
Definition
common carotid; vertebral
Term
The ___ arteries ascend through the neck posterior to the ramus of the mandible
Definition
external carotid
Term
The external carotid arteries give off how many branches
Definition
8
Term
The internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity by traversing the __
Definition
carotid canal
Term
The ___ arteries ascend through the neck by coursing through the ___ of the cervical vertebrae
Definition
vertebral; transverse foramina
Term
As the __ arteries cross over the inferior border of the first rib their name becomes the ___ arteries
Definition
subclavian; axillary
Term
The axillary arteries give off how many branches to the shoulder region
Definition
6
Term
When the axillary arteries reach the inferior border of the ___ muscle, their name changes to the __ arteries
Definition
teres major; brachial
Term
What is the large branch of the brachial artery that courses posteriorly
Definition
profunda brachii artery
Term
Where can the profunda brachii artery be seen on the cadavers
Definition
Between the medial and lateral heads of triceps brachii
Term
The brachial artery bifurcates in the ___ arteries
Definition
radial & ulnar
Term
The __ artery courses along the lateral surface of the forearm
Definition
radial
Term
The __ artery courses along the medial surface of the forearm
Definition
ulnar
Term
The ulnar artery terminates in the palm by forming the ___ palmar arch
Definition
superficial (U.S.A.)
Term
The radial artery terminates in the palm by forming the ___ palmar arch
Definition
deep (R.D.A.)
Term
The __ arteries are branches from the subclavian that course along the internal thoracic wall lateral to the sternum
Definition
internal thoracic
Term
The internal thoracic arteries give off the __ arteries that supply the internal thoracic tissues and intercostal muscles
Definition
anterior intercostal
Term
The ___ arteries arise as small branches from the descending aorta, coursing laterally between the ribs
Definition
posterior intercostal
Term
The descending or ___ aorta enters the abdomen by traversing the ___ of the diaphragm
Definition
abdominal; aortic hiatus
Term
The abdominal aorta terminates by bifurcating at the level of what vertebrae
Definition
L4
Term
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk
Definition
left gastric, splenic, & common hepatic arteries
Term
What tissues do the celiac trunk supply (6)
Definition
liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum
Term
The __ artery arises below the celiac trunk, supplying the small intestine and part of the colon
Definition
superior mesenteric
Term
The __ arteries branch from the abdominal aorta, entering the kidneys
Definition
renal
Term
The ___ arteries are also known as the the testicular or ovarian arteries
Definition
gonadal
Term
The __ artery arises from the abdominal aorta, a few cm above its bifurcation and supplies parts of the colon
Definition
inferior mesenteric
Term
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the left and right __
Definition
common iliac arteries
Term
The common iliac arteries bifurcate into the __ & __
Definition
internal & external iliac arteries
Term
The __ arteries give off branches that supply the pelvic, genital, and gluteal regions
Definition
internal iliac
Term
The __ arteries are branches of the internal iliac arteries
Definition
superior & inferior gluteal
Term
The __ arteries course through the pelvis and pass deep to the inguinal ligament
Definition
external iliac
Term
When the external iliac artery passes deep to the inguinal ligament its name becomes the __ artery
Definition
femoral
Term
About 5 cm distal to the inguinal ligament, the femoral artery gives off what branch
Definition
profunda femoral artery
Term
The profunda femoral artery gives off ___ branches in the ___ muscle
Definition
perforating; adductor magnus
Term
The femoral artery passes posteriorly through the (opening)
Definition
adductor opening
Term
The area of the posterior knee is referred to as the
Definition
popliteal fossa
Term
The femoral artery changes name to the __ artery in the posterior knee
Definition
popliteal
Term
From the popliteal artery, the __ artery courses through the gap above the interosseous membrane of the tibia and fibula
Definition
anterior tibial
Term
The anterior tibial artery changes its name to the ___ once it passes the medial and lateral malleolus
Definition
dorsalis pedis artery
Term
The ___ artery is a branch of the popliteal artery, supplying 6 posterior leg muscles
Definition
posterior tibial
Term
The posterior tibial artery divides into the __ arteries, once past the flexor retinaculum
Definition
medial & lateral plantar
Term
The __ artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery, supplying the ankle and heel
Definition
fibular (peroneal)
Term
The _ vein is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus, coursing through the neck
Definition
internal jugular
Term
The _ vein drains the sides of the face and neck
Definition
external jugular
Term
The internal jugular veins join with the _ veins
Definition
subclavian
Term
The subclavian veins join with the 2 __ veins
Definition
brachiocephalic
Term
The ___ is formed from the two brachiocephalic veins
Definition
superior vena cava
Term
Blood flow back to the heart in the lower body: ___ (from leg)> __ iliac>  __ iliac> ___ (back to heart)
Definition
femoral; external; common; inferior vena cava
Term
The __ vein courses along the right side of the thoracic vertebrae and into the superior vena cava
Definition
azygos
Term
The ___ vein courses along the left side of the vertebrae, drains into the azygos vein
Definition
hemiazygos
Term
The superficial veins travel through the ___ tissue
Definition
subcutaneous
Term
The small veins that drain the digits form the __ on the back of the hand
Definition
dorsal venous arch
Term
The __ vein arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch in the forearm
Definition
cepahlic
Term
The cephalic vein courses along the __ groove
Definition
deltopectoral
Term
The cephalic vein empties into the __ vein
Definition
axillary
Term
The ___ vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch in the forearm
Definition
basilic
Term
The basilic vein joins with the brachial vein to form the__ vein
Definition
axillary
Term
The __ vein is a short vein that joins the cepahlic and basilic vein
Definition
median cubital
Term
What is the clinical significance of the median cubital vein
Definition
It is commonly used for drawing blood
Term
The superficial veins of the foot converge to form the
Definition
dorsal venous arch
Term
The __ vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch
Definition
greater saphenous
Term
The greater saphenous vein empties into the ___ vein
Definition
femoral
Term
The __ vein arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch
Definition
lesser saphenous
Term
The lesser saphenous vein empties into the __ vein
Definition
popliteal
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