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OSTEOLOGY quiz
Dental UPENN Osteology quiz
273
Anatomy
Graduate
09/19/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Parts of Frontal Bone
Definition
Squama, orbital and zygomatic process
Term
Frontal eminences
Definition

Rounded elevation about 3cm above each supraorbital margin

 

Term
Supraorbital margins
Definition
Superior borders of each orbit
Term
Superciliar arches
Definition
Prominent elevation above each supraorbital margin
Term
Glabella
Definition
flat area of bone btw supercilliary arhces
Term
Zygomatic process of Frontal bone
Definition
Articulates with zygomatic bone
Term
Temporal lines
Definition

Bilateral ridges arching superiorly and posterior from zygomatic process. Origin of m. temporalis. Demarcates the superior limits of the temportal fossa

Inferior and superior lines

Term
Nasion
Definition
Midpoint of frontonasal suture. front and nasal bones meat here
Term
Sagittal sulus of frontal bone
Definition
Internal midline. Lodges anterior parts of superior sagittal sinus (large vein formed from periosterum and dural membrane
Term
frontal crest
Definition
internal, midline, anterior. Attachment for the falx cerebri, a projection of the dural membrane between the L and R cerebral hemispheres
Term
orbital
Definition
horizontal part above the eye socket
Term
Orbital plates
Definition
form roof of orbit
Term
lacrimal fossa
Definition
anterior and lateral depression of roof of orbit which accommodates the lacrimal gland
Term
ethmoidal air cells
Definition
in nose (see ethmoid)
Term
Ethmoidal notch
Definition
midline gap between orbital plates (only evident if ethmoid bone removed)
Term
Frontal air sinuses
Definition
cavities between the bony plates of the superciliary arhces and cranial cavity
Term
Foramen caecum
Definition

Found at midpoint of the frontoethmoidal articulation (emissary vein)

Upper most hole near crista galli

Term
supraorbital foramen/notch
Definition

in medial 1/3 of supraorbital border. Transmits supraoribital nerve, artery and vein (NVB). 

Occasionally multiple above the eye

Term
Parietal bone (2)
Definition
articulate with each other in the midline, at the sagittal/interparietal suture
Term
Sutures
Definition
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, and squamous
Term
parietal eminence
Definition

smooth elevation near center of each bone

-source of bone development

Term
temporal lines of the parietal
Definition
continuous with temporal lines of the frontal bone
Term
sagittal sulcus
Definition
linear midline depression (internal). Lodges middle portion of superior sagittal sinus (venous channel)
Term
Bregma
Definition
point of intersection of coronal(frontoparietal) and sagittal sutures (site of posterior fontanelle in infants)
Term
grooves for middle meningeal vessels
Definition
Groove inside calvaria pariteal portions which hold meningeal vessels
Term
Occipital parts
Definition
Squama, lateral/condylar, basilar, and foramina
Term
Foramina-parietal
Definition
posteriorly, on either side of sagittal suture. When preset, transmit veins from scalp to superior sagittal sinus (emissary veins)
Term
Occipital squama
Definition
broad falt plate behind foramen magnum
Term
External occipital protuberance
Definition
prominence midway between lambda and foramen magnum (=inion)
Term
superior nuchal line
Definition

ridges extending laterally from external occipital protberance. Origin of mm occipitalis, trampezius; insertion of mm sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis

OOTISS

Term
median nuchal line
Definition
crest descending from external occipital protuberance to foramen magnum. Attachment of liagamentum nuchae.
Term
internal occipital protuberance
Definition
internal, midline between lambda and foramen magnum
Term
inferior nuchal line
Definition
ridges extending laterally from midpoint (at median nuchal line). Insertion of mm. rectus capitis posterior major and minor
Term
Sagittal sulcus
Definition
groove extending superiorly from internal occipital protuberance. Impression created by the presence of the posterior portion of the superior sagittal sinus-a venous channel
Term
internal occipital crest
Definition
ridge extending inferiorly from internal occipital protuberance
Term
grooves for transverse sinuses
Definition
extend laterally from internal occipital protuberance
Term
depression for confluence of sinuses
Definition
Trocular of Herophili. At the intersection of superior sagittal transverse, occitital and straight venous sinuses. The confluence may be either the R or L side of the midline
Term
Lateral (condylar) part
Definition
lateral to foramen magnum
Term
Condyles
Definition
articulates with the atlas (first cervical or neck/vertebra)
Term
Conyloid fossae
Definition
posterior to each condyle. Accommodate posterior margin of superior facet of atlas when head is bent backward
Term
basilar part of occipital
Definition
anterior to foramen magnum 
Term
pharyngeal tubercle
Definition
1 cm. Anterior to foramen magnum. Attachment for fibrous raphe of pharynx in the midline
Term
grooves for inferior petrosal sinus
Definition
internal. Along the anterior lateral margins
Term
Condyloid canal
Definition
posterior to each condyle in condyloid fossa. When present transmits emissary vein
Term
Hypoglossa canal
Definition
anterior condyloid-at anterior base of each condyle. Transmits hypoglossal nerve (XII) and menigeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery
Term
jugular notch
Definition
antero-lateral margin of the occipital bone-lateral to each condyle. On the articulates skull the jugular notch becomes the posterior margin of the jugular foramen. Transmits 3 cranial nerves starting laterally: XI (accessory), X(vagus), IX(glossopharyngeal). In addition the inferior petrosal sinus enters the foramen medially an the sigmoid sinus passes over its lateral margi. The inferior petrosal sinus and signmoid sinus merge to form internal jugular vien (sinus drains into jugular bulb-occupies the jugular fossa of the temporal bone.
Term
Foramen/foramina
Definition
an aperature or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure
Term
hiatus
Definition
aperture,gap,fissure. A foramen
Term
iter (road)
Definition
a passage leading from one anatomical space to another
Term
paries
Definition
a wall, as of the chest, abdomen or hallow organ. The wall of a body cavity
Term
sinus
Definition
cavity, channel, hollow. A general term for such spaces as the dilated channels for venous blood inside the cranial cavity or the air cavities in cranial bones which communicate with the nasal cavitites
Term
Somatic
Definition
relating to the soma or trunk wall of body cavity;parietal
Term
squama
Definition
Thin plate of bone
Term
viscus/vicera
Definition
organ of the digestive,repiratory, urogenital, or endocrine systems as well as spleen, the heart and blood vessels, hollow and multilayered walled organs
Term
Temporal parts
Definition
2 temporal bones, squama, tympanic, mastoid, petrous
Term
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Definition
articulates with zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch
Term
Articular tubercule
Definition

eminence of anterior root of zygomatic process. Forms anterior boundary of mandibular fossa and atachment of temporamandibular ligament.

Most anterior portion of mandibular fossa 

Term
temporal lines of temporal bone
Definition
continuous with those of frontal and parietal groove
Term
mandibular glenoid fossa
Definition
bounded by the articular tubercle;posteriorly by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. Split by a fissue known as the petrotympanic fissue. The anterior part receives the mandibular condyle. The posterior portion is non-articular and lodges a small porion of the parotid gland.
Term
suprameatal triangle
Definition
posterior-superior to external auditory meatus. An instrament may be pushed through bone here into the tympanic antrum (or middle ear chamber)
Term
Tympanic part of temporal
Definition
Small portion below squama, anterior to mastoid process
Term
external acoustic auditory meatus
Definition
bony part of external ear. Extends about 2.5 cm anterior-lateral tympanic membrane
Term
styloid process
Definition
bony projection extending antero-inferiorly from inferior surface of tympanic portion of temporal. Origin for mm stylohyloid,styloglossus, and stylopharyngeus; and attachment for stlohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. Broken off in most dry skulls
Term
Mastoid part of temporal bone
Definition
See mastoid
Term
mastoid process
Definition
large downward projection containing air cells; posterior to tympanic part of temporal bone. Attachment for m.sterocleidomastoid, splenus capitis and longissimus capitus
Term
mastoid (digastric) notch
Definition
deep groove on medial aspect of mastoid process-attachment for digastic(posterior belly); also known as digastric groove
Term
occipital groove
Definition
medial to mastoid notch. impression made by occipital artery
Term
Petrous part of temporal bone
Definition
Hard part, anteromedially directed pyramidal wedge forming base of skull between occipital and sphenoid bones
Term
arcuate eminence
Definition
on antero-lateral surface-indicates postion of superior or anterior semi circular canal
Term
trigeminal impression
Definition
anterior surface near apex (above internal aperture of carotid canal). Lodges semilunar (gasserian) ganglion of cranial nerve V (trigeminal)
Term
sulcus of superior petrosal sinus
Definition
holds superior petrosal sinus in temporal bone
Term
jugular fossa
Definition

the inferior surface of this fossa forms the anterior part of the jugular foramen; lodges bulb of the internal juglar vein

-inside/underneath on backside of jugular foramen

Term
aquaeductus cochleae
Definition
fossa in the triangular depression posterior to external orifice of carotid canal. inferior to internal auditory meatus. Contains a dural commnication between perilyphatic and subarachnoid spaces (fluid filled)
Term
Aquaeductus vestibulae
Definition
posterior lateral to internal auditory meatus. transmits ductus endolyphaticus (fluid filled) of the inner ear
Term
carotid canal
Definition
inferior petrous park, transmits internal carotid artery and carotid plexus
Term
external auditory meatus
Definition
see tympanic part
Term
Foramen lacerum
Definition
deficiency in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, anterior medial to internal orifice of the carotid canal. In life, inferior part is filled with fibrocartilage over which courses the internal carotid artery and through which passes the nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian Nerve) and a meningeal branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery
Term
Hiatus of facial nerve
Definition
anterior surface of petrous portion, transmits great petrosal nerve (branch of CN VII)
Term
internal acoustic meatus
Definition
located on posterior surface of the pertrous portion; transmits the facial nerve CN VII and the vestibulocochlear nerve CNVIII and the internal auditory branch of the basilar artery
Term
iter chordae anterius/Canal of Huguier
Definition
medial end of the petrotympanic tissue. Opening just laterall to ossea tubae auditivae. Transmits chorda tympani nerve (branch of CN VII) from the tympanic cavity
Term
mastoid canaliculus
Definition

lateral wall of juggular fossa. Transmits auricular branch of vagus CN V to facial canal

Lateral portion/hole of the ridge btw c.canal and j foramen.

Term
iter chordae posterius
Definition
not visible in intact bone (petrous part). Transmits chorda tympani nerve into tympanic canal
Term
mastoid foramen
Definition
posterior border of mastoid portion, in or near occipitomastoid suture. Transmits emissary vein from scalp-near occipitomastoid suture. 
Term
ossea tubae auditivae
Definition
inferior aspect of petrous portion. opens medial end of petrotypanic fissure. represents bony portion of eustachean (auditory) tube (communication btw tymp canal and nasopharynx continuing antero-medially, the cartilaginous part of the ube lies in the sulcus tubase auditivae betwen the petrous temporal and the sphenoid.
Term
Petrotympanic fissure
Definition
divides mandibular fossa into anterior and posterior parts;opens into middle ear and transmits tymp branch of internal maxillary artery; lodges anterior process of malleus (auditory ossicle). A small slip of the sphenomandibular ligament passes through the fissure to become the anterior ligament of the malleus
Term
stylomastoid foramen
Definition
between styloid process and mastoid process; terminal end of the facial canal. Transmits facial nerve CNVII from facial canal and admits stylomastoid artery (branch of posterior auricular A)
Term
tympanic canaliculus
Definition

inferior surface in ridge btw carotid canal and j foramen. Transmits tympanic branch of IX (N of jacobson) to tympanic plexus in tympanic cavity

-medial hole ridge btw c canal and j foramen

Term
typanomastoid fissure
Definition

btw tympanic part and masoid process. Transmits auricular branch of vagus N (CN X)

-supplies skin of the auracle

Term
Sphenoid body
Definition
median portion in middle cranial fossa-hollowed out internally to form sphenoid air sinuses
Term
carotid grooves (sphenoid)
Definition

shallow depressions on either side of the sphenoid body (external to sella turcica) lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery

-goes over f lacerum and participates in the circle of willis

Term
Chiasmatic groove
Definition
anterior and superior to sella turcica, btw optical foramina. Lodges the optic chiasm (crossing of the optic nerves)
Term
dorsum sellae
Definition

posterior wall of sella turscica

-basillary artery and brain stem

Term
sella turcica/hypogloseal fossa
Definition
saddle shaped depression on superior surface of the body bounded antero-laterally by the middle clinoid processes and postero-laterally by the posterior clinoid processes. Lodges the hypophysis (pituitary gland)
Term
clivus
Definition

down from dorsum sella, line/groove that holds basilary artery 

-notes

Term
lesser wings
Definition

arise antero-superiorly to body, project laterally.

-interior of calvaria

Term
anterior clinoid process
Definition

formed by the rounded medial edge of the posterior border of each lesser wing

-most posterior protuberance

Term
greater wings
Definition
on either side of the body, inferior to the lesser wings. Contribute to the sides as well as the base of the neurocranium
Term
orbital plates of the sphenoid
Definition
located anteriorly; form posterior 2/3 of each lateral wall of each orbit
Term
spina angularis/sphenoid spine
Definition
downward projections of postero-medial portion of each greater wing. Attachment site for the sphenomadibular ligament and tensor veli palatini muscle. Posterior to f spinosum
Term
pterygoid process (2)
Definition
each consists of 2 plates which extend inferiorly from the base of the greater wing and lateral wall of body of the sphenoid
Term
Lateral pterygoid plates
Definition
form medial walls of infratemporal fossae. Lateral surface-origin of lateral pterygoid m.;medial surface-origin of media pterygoid m
Term
medial pterygoid plates
Definition
form lateral boundries of posterior nasal apertures (choanae). Opening of nasal cavities into throat
Term
pterygoid fossa*****
Definition

v-shaped fossa btw medial and Lateral pterygoid plates. Contains medial pterygoid and tensor veli palatini muscles

-muscles of mastification origin

Term
pterygoid hamulus
Definition

hook like provesses extending from inferior extremity of medial pterygoid plate. Attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe. Pulley of tensor veli palatini

-broken in ours, extending from medial pterygoid plates

Term
scaphoid fossa
Definition

depression on the superior part of the posterior portion of the medial pterygoid plate. Attachment of tensor veli palatini

-bends around hammulus to flatten food and close nasopharynx when swallowing

-ovale depression posterior to pter fossa

Term
optic foramen
Definition
on either side of chiasmatic groove-transmits optic nerve CNII along with meningeal covering and the opthalmic artery
Term
superior orbital fissure
Definition
lies btw greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid. Transmis oculomotor CNIII, trochlear CNIV, and abducens CNVI, the 3 divisions of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve CNV, orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery and opthalmic veins
Term
Foramen rotundum
Definition
antero-medial portion of each greater wing. Transmits the maxillary nerve (2nd or maxillary divison of CN V), from he middle cranial fossa to pterygopalatine fossa (busy intersection)
Term
Foramen ovale
Definition
oval shaped formen in posterior area if each greater wing. transmits mandibular N (3rd of mandibular division of CNV/trigeminal), accessory meningeal artery and occasionally the lesser petrosal N
Term
foramen spinosum
Definition
anter-medial to the spine of the sphenoid. transmits middle meningeal artery and recurrent meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
Term
Canal of arnold
Definition

-maybe present

medial to F. spinosum, an aperture of variable occurrence in the sphenoid bone.Trasnmits lesser petrosal petrophenoidal fissure

Term
Foramen vesalii
Definition
when present may be opposite the root of the pterygoid process. Transmits a small veins from the cavernous sinus. IT is located anterior and medial to F ovale
Term
inferior orbital fissure
Definition
in lateral wall of orbits btw base of great wing of sphenoid and lateral border of the orbital plate of the maxilla. Transmits max nerve, infraorbital vessels and ascending branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion
Term
pterygoid canal
Definition
At the base of the medial pterygoid plate (in anterior wall of foramen lacerum). Transmits the nerve of the pterygoid canal (VIDIAN N)consisting of the greater petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal NN and the artery and vein of the ptergoid canal
Term
pharyngeal canals
Definition
inferior surface of sphenoid on either side of the base of the volmer. Transmits the pharyngeal nerve and the pharyngeal branch of the internal maxillary artery
Term
pterygomaxillary fissure
Definition

-anterior border of PTP fossa

crevice formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the pterygoid process above their point of articulation

Term
pterygopalatine fossa*******
Definition
small triangular fossa at angle of junction btw pterygomaxillary and inferior orbital fissures. Contains pterygopalatine ganglion, maxillary nerve, and terminal parts of the internal max artery. Six foramen open into it: F rotundum, pterygoid canal, pharygeal canal, spheno-palatine foramen, pterygopalatine formane, and inferior orbital fissure
Term
Ethmoid
Definition
Posterior to nasal bones, occupies space btw orbits and forms roof of nasal cavity
Term
CRibiform plate
Definition
floor of anterior cranial fossa, btw orbital plates of frontal bone. Supports olfactory ganglia/bulbs. Perforations transmit olfactory nerves from nasal mucosa to ganglia
Term
Crista galli
Definition
sharp triangular process projecting superiorly from cribiform plate. attachment for FALX CEREBRI (a fold of dura mater btw the cerebral hemispheres)
Term
Alar process 
Definition
anterior expansion of crista galli which articulates with frontal bone to form foramen cecum
Term
perpendicular plate/nasal septum
Definition
thin septum, extending inferiorly from under the space of the cribiform plate. Forms upper part of nasal septum
Term
Labryinth/lateral masses
Definition

thin walles cavities (ethmoidal air cells), each is between 2 verticle plates of bone (lamina papyracea and medial plate) 

-interconnected chambers

Term
lamina papyracea
Definition

lateral plates form posterior 2/3 of medial wall of each orbit

-paper thin plate of bone

Term
medial plate
Definition
forms part of lateral wall of nasal cavity. From each plate arises 2 furled processes of bone
Term
Superior nasal conchae
Definition
superior turbinate bones
Term
middle nasal conchae
Definition
middle turbinate bones
Term
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
Definition
in medial wall of orbit. formed by articulation with frontal bone Transmits branch of the nasocilliary nerve (anterior of ethmoidal N) and anterior ethmoid vessels
Term
Foramen cecum
Definition

see frontal

-emissary vein passes through

Term
posterior ethmoid foramen
Definition

in medial wall of orbit-transmits posterior ethmoid NAV (nerve artery vein)

-go into nasal cavity

Term
Vicerocranium
Definition
facial skeleton
Term
neurocranium
Definition
braincase
Term
Calvaria
Definition
walls and roof of brain
Term
Basicranium
Definition
cranial base
Term
Parts of Mandible
Definition
Body, ramus
Term
mental protuberance
Definition
external surface, inferior midline-triangular eminence
Term
mental tubercles
Definition
elevations on either side of base of the mental protuberance
Term
External oblique line
Definition

Ridge of bone extending posterior-superiorly from mental tubercle to anterior border of ramus.

Attachment for Quadratis Labii inferioris, Triangularis, Buccinator muscles

Term
Genial tubercles/mental spines
Definition

2 small projections on posterior aspect of the mandibular symphysis.

Origin of geniaglossus and geniohyoid muscles

Term
symphysis menti
Definition
faint groove in midline of body where the two halves of the mandible have fused
Term
Sublingual fossae
Definition
bilateral depressions on medial aspect of body just lateral to genial tubercles, Lodges sublingual glands
Term
Myohyoid line
Definition

ridge extending posterior-superior from either side of genial tubercles to ramus

Origin of: Mylohyoid muscle and pterygomandibular raphae

Term
Submandibular fossa
Definition
depressions below mylohyoid lines. Lodges submandibular glands
Term
Alveolar border/process
Definition
lodges teeth
Term
digastric fossae
Definition
depressions found on the inferior border of the symphseal region. Attachment for anterior portion of the digastric muscle
Term
Ramus
Definition
Vertical portion (bilaterally) emerging from posterior portions of the mandibular body
Term
Coronoid process
Definition
bony process of anterior superior margin of ramus. Attachment for temporalis muscle
Term
Condyloid process
Definition
posterior superior margin of ramus. Articulates with articular disk of TMJ joint
Term
Condyle of mandible
Definition
oval shaped articular surface
Term
Neck of mandible
Definition
constricted part, supports condyle for insertion of lateral pterygoid muscle
Term
pterygoid fovea
Definition
depression on anterior aspect of the neck for intesertion for lateral pterygoid muscle
Term
Angle of mandible/gonial angle
Definition
attachment of stylomandibular ligamet and medial pterygoid muscle
Term
mandibular notch
Definition
concavity btw coronoid and condyoid processes
Term
lingula
Definition
small lip of bone posterior to mandibular foramen. Attachment for the sphenomandibular liagament
Term
Mylohyoid groove
Definition
mylohyoid vessesl and nerves (NVB)
Term
mental foramen
Definition
transmits mental NVB
Term
mandibular foramen
Definition
transmits inferior alveolar NVB
Term
lingual foramen
Definition
when present transmits nutrient vessels
Term
Part of Maxilla
Definition
Body, Alveolar, frontal, Zygomatic process
Term
Palatine process
Definition
projects horizontally from medial surface of body. Forms anterior 2/3 of hard palate
Term
Alveolar process
Definition
inferior border, contain alveoli for teeth
Term
maxillary tuberocity
Definition
posterior to 3rd molar
Term
orbital plate of maxilla
Definition
forms most of the floor of orbit
Term
nasal notch
Definition
cresent-shaped part of anterior medial border
Term
Anterior nasal spine
Definition
anterior medial part of nasal notch. Artculates with septal nasal cartilage
Term
anterior superior alveolar canal
Definition
in anterior wall of maxillary sinus (cant see). Communicates with infraorbital canal. Transmits anterior superior NVB to canines and incisors
Term
incisive foramen
Definition
anterior to hard palate; formed in midline by articulation of 2 halves. Within these foramen there are 2 lateral formaina and occasionally 2 midline formaina
Term
Incisive canals
Definition
nasopalatine nerves and anterior portion of decending palatine vessels. Open into incisive foramen
Term
Foramina of Scarpa
Definition
these when present, transmit the nasopalatine nerves only
Term
infraorbital canal
Definition
in anterior 1/3 of floor of orbit. Transmits infraorbital NVB. Enters though infraorbital foramen
Term
posterior superior alveolar canals
Definition
on infratemporal posterior surface of maxillary tuberosity. Transmits posterior anterior alveolar NVB to posterior dentition
Term
Zygomatic portions
Definition
Body, malar, temporal, frontal, and maxilla
Term
Body of zygomatic
Definition
central portion of the zygomatic bone, Inferior margin of attachment for masseter muscle
Term
Zygomaticofacial foramen
Definition
zygomaticofacial NVB
Term
Zygomatioorbital foramen
Definition
zygomaticalorbital NVB
Term
Zygomaticotemporal foramen
Definition
zygomaticotemporal NVB
Term
Palatine parts
Definition
Horizontal/body, vertical/perpendicular, pyramidal process, orbital process
Term
Vertical part of palatine
Definition
Forms lateral wall of nasal cavity
Term
Horizontal part of palatine
Definition
Forms posterior 1/3 of hard palate
Term
Pyramidal process of palatine
Definition
projects posterior lateral from juncion of horzontal and vertical parts. Articulates with pterygoid proecess and maxilla
Term
Orbital process of palatine
Definition
projects antero-laterally from superior border of verticle part. The most anterior lateral postion artciulates with posterior border of the oribital plate of maxilla to make an inconsequential contribution to the floor of the orbit
Term
posterior nasal spine
Definition
posteriro medial projection of articulated horizontal plates
Term
pterygoidpalatine canal
Definition
verticle canal btw vertical plate and pyramidal process. Opens superiorly into pteygoidpalatine fossa and transmits descending palatine vessels and anterior palatine (greater palatine) and lesser palatine nerves. Opens inferiorly as greater and lesser palatine formaina
Term
Sphenopalatine notch
Definition
forms foramen by articulating with sphenoid bone. Communication btw pterygopalatine fossa and superior meatus of nasal cavity. Transmits sphenopaltine vessels (branch of interal maxillary) and nasopalatine and superior nasal nerves to nasal cavity
Term
Lacrimal
Definition
smallest and most fragile bone in the face, Forms part of anterior medial wall of orbit and anterior-lateral wall of nasal cavity
Term
Posterior lacrima crest
Definition
verticle ridge dividing the orbital surface
Term
Lacrimal foramen and sulcus
Definition
anterior to crest, with maxilla forms the lacrimal sulcus which lodges the LACRIMAL SAC and transmits the NASOLACRIMAL ducts to the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity.
Term
Nasal bone (2)
Definition
Forms bridge of nose
Term
ethmoid groove
Definition
posterior in nasal bone, lofges external nasal brance of anterior ethmoid (nasocilliary nerve)
Term
Volmer
Definition
Forms posterior and inferior part of nasal septum
Term
ala
Definition
flattened expansion of posterior-superior boder-articulates with the body of the sphenoid
Term
nasopalatine groove
Definition

oblique to groove on lateral aspect. Lodges palatine nerves and vessels.

-Holds incisive foramen, shallow groove along anterior portion of hard palate

Term
nasoalveolar clivus
Definition
above alveolar process and below anterior nasal spine
Term
temporal crest
Definition
deep surface of coronoid rocess, crest towards 3rd molar
Term
retromolar fossa
Definition
shallow area, most posterior portion to alveolar process near 3rd molar on mandible
Term
Parts of a typical vetebrae
Definition
Body, pedicles, lamina, transverse processes, superior/inferior articular process, vertebral foramen, Lamina, Spinous process. Vertebral arch vs neural part (spinal cord, meningies and BV)
Term
Inferior/superior vertebral notch
Definition
When viewed from lateral, inferior notch is above superior notch in the intervertebral foramina
Term
Symphyseal joints
Definition
btw bodies of vetebrae, joints formed by IV disk
Term
number of vertebrae and names (33 total)
Definition

Cervical=7

Thoracic=12

Lumbar=5

Sacral=5

Coccygeal=4

Term
primary vs 2ndary curvature
Definition

V2=cervical and lumbar

D1=thoracic and saccral

Term
Atlas
Definition
Superior and inferior articular facets-condyles and C2, no body or spinous process, arches feature anterior and posterior tubercles, long transverse processes, no disk btw c1 and c2
Term
Axis
Definition
dens/odontodid process, strongest cervial verterbal due to compact dens. anterior and posterior facets (tranverse ligament of cruciform ligament) on dens. Superior and inferior facets on transverse processes, forked spinous process
Term
Atlantoaxial articulations=NO
Definition
medial anterior joint-synovial, and Lateral R and L joints-planar synovial gliding joints
Term
C7 vertebral prominens
Definition
Extremly long non forked spinous process (ussualy short and forked), transverse foramen (transmit vertebral vessels), inferior/superior articular facets, Large vertebral foramen, 
Term
Thoracic vertebrae
Definition
Heart shaped bodies, long oblique spinous process, coastal facets (with tubercles of ribs), articular facets (vertical)
Term
Sternum parts
Definition
Mandibrium, Body, Xiphoid process
Term
manubrium
Definition
articulates with clavicles and coastal cartilages of rib 1
Term
Body of sternum
Definition

Formed by fusion of mutible sternbrae. Articulates with coastal cartilages of ribs C3-C7.

 

Term
Xiphoid process
Definition
embedded in anterior abdominal wall
Term
Sternal angle
Definition
Formed by junction of manibrium and sternal body. Symphyseal joint formed here called the manubriosternal joint. Articulation of T2 rib
Term
Ribs (true, False, floating)
Definition

True=articulate with the sternum with own coastal cartilages

False: have coastal cartilages which articulate with the next highest ones

Floating ribs: have no sternal articulation

Term
Parts of Typical ribs
Definition

 

(3-10) out of 12 ribs. Head(articulates with costal facet on thoracic vertebrae body-costal vertberal joint), neck, tubercle (articulates with costal facets on transverse process-costal transverse joint), angle, Shaft, Coastal groove (intercostal NVB), sternal end

-costal facet(head) and costal cartilage(tail)

Term
Floatings ribs
Definition

Ribs 11 and 12

-broader and shorter, articualte with 1 verebral body, no articulation with transverse process

Term
Costovertebral joints and Costo-transverse joints
Definition

head of each rib articulates with the body of at least one thoracic vertebrae at joints of heads of rib.

-The tubercle articulates with the transverse process of a single vertebrae

-synovial joints

Term
Scapula parts
Definition
Spine (supra/infraspinous fossa), Superior angle, Superior border, Lateral angle, Lateral border, medial end, medial border, inferior angle. Acromion process, acromion angle and Coracoid process.
Term
Glenoid fossa
Definition
shallow oval articular end for receipt of humerus end
Term
Clavicle
Definition
Lateral (acromial end) and medial (sternum  manubrium end), with middle 1/3, conoid tubercle
Term
Sternoclavicular joint
Definition
Joint btw clavicle and manubrium of sternum. Presence of articular disk with synovial capsule (like TMJ)
Term
two types of bone formation
Definition
Endochondral vs intramembranous osstification
Term
Lumbar vertebrae
Definition
Large kidney shaped body, sagittally oriental articular facets, Long transverse processes, short broad spinous process
Term
Spondylphytes/Osteophytes
Definition
marginal spurs due to age and bone remodeling
Term
Lumbosaccral joint
Definition
btw lumbar region and saccral region L5-->S1
Term
sacroillac joint
Definition
Btw saccral region and os coxa/illium
Term
Illium
Definition
Superior dumbo ear
Term
Ischium
Definition
Lower posterior inferior to illium. 
Term
Pubis
Definition
Inferior anterior to illium. 
Term
ACETABULUM
Definition

three bones: illium, ischium, pubis joint to form the hip joint socket

-little vinegar cup

Term
illiac crest and anterior superior illiac spine
Definition
On crest of dumbo ear and moving anteriorly
Term
Pelvic inlet
Definition
large hole formed by pubis regions fusing at pubic symphysis
Term
greater and lesser sciatic notches
Definition
the sacrospinous and sacrotuberus ligaments complete them when view both laterally and straight on. 
Term
nasolacrimal duct
Definition
lacrimal duct-->inferior meatus
Term
Fontanelles
Definition
Term
Endochondral osteogesis
Definition
Most of the bones of the cranial base form: Sphenoid, Temporal, occipital, malleus, incus, Stloid process, meckles cartilage (ear), Nasal capsule
Term
Fontanelles
Definition
Anterior fontanelle (Bregmatic) and Posterior (lamdoidal fontanelle)
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition
Mesenchyme forms Fontanelles and sutures, Calvaria
Term
Number of bones in facial (Vicerocranium/Spalnocranium)
Definition
14
Term
number of bones in neurocranium
Definition
8
Term
Cranial sutures
Definition
Fiborous joints which are gradually obliterated as part of skull maturation by craniosynostosis
Term
Pterion
Definition
Temporal, Front, Sphenoid, parietal
Term
Zygomatico-maxillary
Definition
1/5 sutures near zygomatic and frontal
Term
Diploe
Definition
Spongy layer btw inner and outer tables of compact bone
Term
Bones of orbit
Definition
7: Maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, Palatine, Frontal, sphenoid, Zygomatic
Term
Sinuses
Definition
Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary
Term
Basilar suture
Definition
Spheno-occipital syncondrosis
Term
Petrous temporal
Definition
Houses organs of hearing and balance
Term
Anterior cranial fossa
Definition
Frontal,ethmoid, little bit of sphenoid. Holds frontal lobes and olfactory bulbs
Term
Middle cranial fossa
Definition
Sphenoid, Temporal, Parietal. Holds temporal lobes and pitutary gland
Term
Posterior cranial fossa
Definition
Occipital, temporal, parietal. Holds cerebellum and brain stem
Term
Falx cerebri
Definition
Attaches to frontal crest and crista galli
Term
Infra temporal fossa
Definition
area behind maxilla
Term
nasion
Definition
Frontonasal suture
Term
Inferior and superior temporal lines
Definition
Temporalis attaches to inferior temporal lines and coronoid process. Superior temporal lines attach Temporalis fascia
Term
Ligamentum Nuchae
Definition
Runs from External occiptal protuberance to spinous process of vetebra prominens (C7)
Term
Suprameatal crest
Definition
Above the suprameatal triangle and external acoustic meatus
Term
Vidian nerve
Definition
Consists of Greater petrosal and deep petrosal nerve. Goes through foramen lacerum and Pterygoid canal
Term
Mandibular canal
Definition
transmits inferior alveolar nerve
Term
Tympanomastoid fissure
Definition
transmits auricular branch of CN 10, from mastoid canaliculus
Term

Diarthrosis

Definition
synovial joint, most moveable joint in body
Term

Synarthrosis

Definition
permits little or no movement under normal conditions
Term
Yes joints
Definition
Alantooccipital joints btw condyles and Superior facets of atlas
Term
Alar ligament
Definition
Extend from the dens to occipital condyles
Term
Superior Thoracic Apeture
Definition
Continuous with deep neck and uppler limbs
Term
Inferior Thoracic Apeture
Definition
Largely filled with diphram
Term
Costalveterbral joints
Definition
head of each rib articulates with the body of at least one thoracic vertebra at joints of the heads of the ribs
Term
Acromion
Definition
Part of scapula on Anterior portion, articulates with Acromial end of scapula
Term
Conoid tubercle
Definition
Tubercle on Clavicle, ligament from conoid along with another ligament from trapezoid helps to support acromioclavicular (weak) joint 
Term
pubic tubercle
Definition
Point on pubis bone of os coxa
Term
Ischium tuberosity
Definition
Flat portion of ischium, sitting portion of the bone aka sitz/sitting bone
Term
Clavicle and Steroclavicular joint
Definition
Only bony connection btw axial skeleton and upper limb. Sternoclavicular joint connects axial skeleton to mandibrium
Term
Symphysis joints
Definition

Type of cartilaginous joint, fibrocartilage joints in midline

-Symphysis menti, L and R pubis, joints formed by verterbral disk and vertebral bodies

Term
Fibrous joints
Definition
Sutures and Gomphosis-teeth held in alveolar process
Term
Manubrialsternal joint
Definition
At sternal angle, btw manubrium and body of sterum. Symphsyeal joint and marks location of 2nd rib
Term
Meningeal branches of the ascending pharygeal artery
Definition
Hypoglossal canal and Foramen lacerum
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