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Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
anatomy and physiology of osseous tissue and bone structure
15
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/18/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Number of Bones in

the Axial Skeleton

Definition
80
Term

Number of bones in

the Appendicular Skeleton

Definition
126
Term

Functions of the 

skeletal system

Definition

Support

Storage of minerals

Blood cell production

Protection

Leverage

Term
Flat Bones
Definition

Thin, roughly parallel surfaces

 

ie. Cranial bones, sternum

Term

Sutural Bones

(Wormian bones)

Definition

Irregular bones formed between cranial bones

 

Number, size, and shape vary

Term
Long Bones
Definition

Realatively long and slender

 

ie. various bones of the limbs

Term
Irregular bones
Definition

Complex Shapes

 

ie. vertebrae, bones of pelvis,

facial bones

 

Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition

Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seed.

 

Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet

Term
Short bones
Definition

small and boxy

 

ie. bones of the wrist (carpals)

and ankles (tarsals)

Term
Skull Surface Features
Definition

Canal or meatus (large passageway)

Process (projection or bump)

Sinus (chamber within bone, usually filled with air)

Foramen (small rounded passageway)

Fissure (elongated cleft or gap)

Term
Osteocytes
Definition

Mature bone cells that cannot divide

Most numerous bone cell type

Maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix

Term
Osteoblasts
Definition

Produce new bony matrix (osteogenesis or ossification)

Become osteocytes once surrounded by bony matrix

Term

Osteoprogenitor cells

(progenitor, ancestor)

Definition

Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

 

Important in fracture repair

Term

Osteoclasts

(clast, to break)

Definition

Remove and remodel bone matrix

giant cells with 50+ nuclei

release acids and proteolytic enzymes to disolve matrix and release stored minerals

Term
Pituitary Growth Failure
Definition

Reduction in growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and short bones

Rare due to treatment with synthetic growth hormone

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