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Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Chapter 6
17
Anatomy
12th Grade
09/13/2012

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
Consists of the bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column. These elements form the longitudinal axis of the body. Made of 80 bones.
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
Includes the bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton. Has 126 bones.
Term
Surface Features
Definition

Also known as bone markings.  Each bone in the body has characteristic  external and interal features that are related to the function. Elevations or projections form where tendons and ligaments attach. Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in the bone indicate where blood vessels or nerves lie alongside or penetrate the bone.

 

 

Term
Spongy Bone or Trabecular Bone
Definition
Consists of an open network of struts and plates that resemble latticework with or thin covering or cortex, of compact bone.
Term
Osteocytes
Definition

 

 
They are mature bones cells that do not have the ability to divide, but yet they are the most numerous bone cell type. They also have the ability to maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix.
Term
 Perforating Fibers
 
 
Definition
They are created by the osteoblasts in the periosteum cellular layer. They also strongly connect the tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules to bone through posterium.
 
Term
Endosteum
 
 
Definition
Is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity. It covers the spongy bone and lines central canals. It consists of simple layer of osteoprogenitor cells. This is also where the incomplete osteoclasts and osteoblast remodel the matrix.
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Has a thin rough parallel surface. They provide protection for the underlying soft tissue and offer extensive surface area for the attachment of skeletal muslces.
Term
Sutural Bones or Wormian Bones
Definition
Small, flat irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull. There are indiviual variations in the number, shape and position of sutural bones.
Term
Long Bones
Definition
Bones that are relatively long and slender.
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
Also known as the marrow cavity. This is the space within the hallow shaft. In life, it is filled with bone marrow, a highly vascular tissue.
Term
Nutrient Forearm
Definition
The tunnel that penatrates the diaphysis and provides access for the nutrient artery and/or the vein.
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Are cells that remove and recycle the bone matrix.
Term
Intramembranous Ossification
Definition
Is the formation of bone within connective tissue without the prior development of cartilaginous model.
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
also known as the shaft is long and tubular
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
narrow zone that connects the epiphysis to the shaft of the bone.
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Expanded area found at each end of the bone.
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