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Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Chapter 6
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
05/28/2014

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
Consists of the bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column.  These elements form the longitudinal axis of the body.
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
Includes the bones of the limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton
Term
Functions of the Skeletal System
Definition
Support, Storage of Minerals, Blood Cell Production, Protection, Leverage
Term
Flat Bones
Definition

thin, roughly parallel surfaces 

Ex. sternum, ribs and scapulae

Term
Sutural Bones
Definition
small, flat irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull
Term
Long Bones
Definition

are relatively long and slender

Ex. hunerus, femur

Term
Irregular Bones
Definition

have complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces.

Ex. spinal vertebrae

Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition

generally smal, flat and shaped somewhat like a sesame seed. Develop inside tendons and located near joints.

Ex. patellae

Term
Short Bones
Definition

small and boxy

Ex. carpals, tarsals

Term
Canal or Meatus
Definition
large passageway throught the substance of a bone
Term
process
Definition
any projection or bump
Term
Sinus
Definition
chamber within a bone that is normally filled with air
Term
Foramen
Definition
rounded passageway through which blood vessels or nerves penetrate the bone
Term
Fissure
Definition
an elongated cleft or gap
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
an expanded area found at each end of the bone
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
narrow zone between that connects the epiphysis to the shaft of the bone
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
is long and tubular
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
is a space within the hollow shaft and is filled with bone marrow, a highly vascular tissue
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
covers portions of the epiphysis that articulate with other bones
Term
Red Bone Marrow
Definition
highly vascular and involed in the production of blod cells
Term
Yellow Bone Marrow
Definition
adipose tissue important in the storage of energy reserves
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
produce new bone matrix in a process called osteogenesis
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
cells that remove and recycle bone matrix
Term
Osteoprogenitor Cells
Definition
are mesenchymal cells present in small numbers in the inner, cellular layer of the periosteum;in an inner layer, or endosteum, that lines medullary cavities; and in the lining of passageways, containing blood vessels, that penetrate the matrix of bone.
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