Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Bones
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/28/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
Definition
126 bones
Term
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
Definition
80 bones
Term
Functions of the Skeletal System:
Definition
1. Support
2. Storage of minerals
3. Blood cell production
4. Protection
5. Leverage
Term
6 Categories of Bones:
Definition
1. Flat
2. Sutural
3. Long
4. Irregular
5. Sesamoid
6. Short
Term
Nutrient Foramen
Definition
Tunnel providing access to marrow cavity
Term
Metaphyseal artery/vein
Definition
Carry blood to/from metaphysis
Connects to epiphyseal arteries/veins
Term
Periosteum features
Definition
Smaller blood vessels (supply superficial osteons)
Lymphatic vessels (collect lymph from bone and osteons)
Sensory nerves (innervate diaphysis, medullary cavity, and epiphyses)
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that cannot divide
Most numerous bone cell type
Maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix
Occupy lacunae
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Produce new bony matrix
Become osteocytes once surrounded by bony matrix
Term
Osteoprogenitor Cells
Definition
Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
Important in fracture repair
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Remove and remodel bone matrix
Giant cells with 50+ nuclei
Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to dissolve matrix and release stored minerals
Term
Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) accounts for ___ bone weight.
Definition
~2/3
Term
Circumferential lamellae
Definition
Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer
Term
Interstitial lamellae
Definition
Fill spaces between osteons
Term
Osteons
Definition
Contain central canals (parallel to bone surface)
Connected by perforating canals (perpendicular)
Term
2 Layers of periosteum
Definition
Fibrous outer layer
Cellular inner layer
Term
Functions of periosteum
Definition
Isolate bone from surrounding tissues
Route for blood and nervous supply
Actively participate in bone growth and repair
Term
Pituitary growth failure
Definition
Reduction in growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and short bones
Rare due to treatment with synthetic growth hormone
Term
Achondroplasia
Definition
Epiphyseal cartilage grows unusually slowly
Limbs are short
Trunk is normal size
Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition
Excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilage
Causes long, slender limbs
Other connective tissue abnormalities cause cardiovascular issues
Term
Gigantism
Definition
Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty
Term
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)
Definition
Gene mutation that causes bone deposition around skeletal muscles
Term
Acromegaly
Definition
Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close
Bones get thicker
Term
Calcium levels of activity controlled by:
Definition
Intestines, Bones, Kidneys
Term
Fracture
Definition
Crack or break due to extreme mechanical stress
Most heal as long as blood supply and cellular parts of periosteum and endosteum survive
Supporting users have an ad free experience!