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Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Osseous Tissue
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/22/2013

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Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition
Bones that are generally small,flat,and shaped somewhat like a sesame seed. They develop inside tendons and are most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet
Term
Short bone
Definition
Carpal bones in the wrist
Term
206
Definition
How many bones are in the human body
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
This connects the epiphysis to the shaft of the long bone
Term
Yellow bone marrow
Definition
Contains adipose tissue in the long bone, important in the storage of energy reserves
Term
Lacuna
Definition
This is a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix in osteocytes
Term
Osteogenesis
Definition
Osteoblasts produce new bone matrix in a this process
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
A cell that dissolves the fibers and matrix of bone
Term
Interstitial Lamellae
Definition
Type of lamellae that fills the spaces between the osteons in compact bone
Term
Appositional Growth
Definition
The diameter of a bone enlarges through this
Term
Periosteum
Definition
The layer that surrounds a bone, consisting of an outer fibrous region and inner cellular region
Term
Endosteum
Definition
An incomplete cellular lining on the inner (medullary) surfaces of bones
Term
Endochondral ossification
Definition
The replacement of a carilaginous model by bone; the characteristic mode of formation for skeletal elements other than the bones of the cranium, the clavicles, and sesamoid bones
Term
Epiphyseal cartilage
Definition
The cartilaginous region between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition
The formation of bone within a connective tissue without the prior development of a cartilaginous model
Term
Parathyroid Glands
Definition
Four small glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone
Term
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Definition
A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands when plasma calcium levels fall below the normal ranges; causes increased osteoclast activity, increased intestinal calcium uptake, and decreased calcium ion loss at the kidneys
Term
Calcitonin
Definition
The hormone secreted by C cells of the thyroid when calcium ion concentrations are abnormally high; restores homeostasis by increasing the rate of bone deposition and the rate of calcium loss by the kidneys
Term
Transverse fracture
Definition
break of a bone shaft across its long axis example:ulna
Term
Osteocyte
Definition
A bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone
Term
Nutrient foramen
Definition
a tunnel that penetrates the diaphysis and provides access for the nutrient artery and vein
Term
Sutural Bones
Definition
are small,flat,irregularly shaped bones between the flat bones of the skull. Borders are like jigsaw puzzle
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
have complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces. Example: spinal vertebrae
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
the elongated body of a long bone
Term
Ramus
Definition
an extension of a bone that makes an angle with the rest of the structure
Term
Fissure
Definition
a elongated cleft or gap
Term
Trochanter
Definition
a large, rough projection
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