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Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Chapter 6 Power Point
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/29/2013

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
- 80 total bones
- Boones of skull, throax, and vertebral column.
-Form longitudinal axis of body.
Term
Appendicular skeleton
Definition
- 126 total bones
- Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton
Term
What are the five Functions of the skeletal system
Definition
- suppport
- storage of minerals
(calcium & phosphate)
- Blood Cell Production
- Protection of tissues and organs
- Leverage
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
Term
Sutural Bones
Definition
- AKA Wormian bones
- Irregular bones formed between cranial bones.
- number size and shape vary
Term
Long bones
Definition
Relatively long and slender
Term
Irregular bones
Definition
Complex shapes
examples: vertebrae, bones of plevis, facial bones
Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition
- Small, flat, and somewhat shaped
like a sesame seed
- develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet.
Term
Short Bones
Definition
- Small and boxy
- Examples: bones of wrist and ankles
Term
Name the six categories of bones based on shape
Definition
1. Flat bone
2. Sutural bone
3. Long bone
4. Irregular bone
5. Sesamoid bone
6. Short bone
Term
Skull Surface Features
(5)
Definition
- Canal or meatus (large passageway)
- Process (Projection or bump)
- Sinus (chamber within bone, usually filled with air)
- foramen (small rounded passageway)
- Fissure (elongated cleft or gap)
Term
Humerus surface features
(7)
Definition
- Head (expanded proximal end that forms part of joint)
- Tubercle (small, rounded projection)
- Sulcus (deep, narrow grove)
- Diaphysis (shaft; elongated body)
- Trochlea (smooth, grooved articular process)
- Condyle (smooth, rounded articular)
Term
Femur Surface features
(4)
Definition
- Trochanter (large, rough projection)
- Head (expanded proximal end that forms part of joint)
- Neck (narrow connection between head and diaphysis)
- Diaphysis (shaft; elongated body)
- Facet (small,m flat articular surface)
- Condyle (smooth, rounded articular)
Term
Pelvis Surface features
(5)
Definition
- Crest (prominent ridge)
- Fossa (shallow depression or recess)
- Line (low ridge; more dilicate than crest)
- Spine (pointed or narrow process)
- Ramus (extension that makes angle with rest of structure)
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
A large, roughened elevation on a bony surface
Term
Tubercle
Definition
A small rounded projection.
Term
Medullary cavity
Definition
A space within the hollow shaft.
- In life, filled with bone marrow.
- Red bone marrow is highly vascular and involved with the production of blood cells.
- Yellow bone marrow is adipose (fatty) and important in the storage of energy reserves.
Term
Osteocytes
1 of 4 bone cell types
Definition
- Mature bone cells that cannot divide
- Most numerous bone cell type
- Maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix.
- occupy lacunae
Term
Lacunae
Definition
small cavity or pocket
Term
Osteoblasts
1 of 4 bone cell types
Definition
- Produce new bony matrix (osteogenesis or ossification)
- Become osteocytes once surrounded by bone matrix
Term
Osteoprogenitor cells
1 of 4 bone cell types
Definition
- Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
- important in fracture repair
Term
Osteoclasts
1 of 4 bone cell types
Definition
- Remove and remodel bone matrix
- giant cells with 50+ nuclei
- Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to dissolve matrix and release stored minerals
- aids in osteolysis (lysis, loosening)
Term
Matrix
Definition
the extracellular fibers and ground substance of a connective tissue
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