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Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Chapter 6
15
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/04/2013

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Term
Sesamoid bones
Definition
Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seeds.
Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet.
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Consist largely of spongy bone. Resists forces from various directions and directs body weight to diaphysis and joints.
Term
Articular cartilage
Definition
Covers portions of epiphysis that form articulations. Avascular and receives resouirces from synovial fluid.
Term
Nutrient artery/vein
Definition
Supplies osteons of compact bone with blood.
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that cannot divide. The most numerous bone cell type.
Also, maintains protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix.
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Produce new bony matrix (osteogenesis or ossification). Begins with the release of proteins and other organic components to produce unmineralized matrix (osteoid).
Term
Metaphyseal artery/vein
Definition
Carry blood to/from metaphysis. Also, connects to epiphyseal arteries and veins.
Term
Occupy lacunae (pocket)
Definition
Seperated by layers of matrix (lamellae).
Connected with canaliculi.
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Remove and remodel bone matrix.
Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to dissolve matrix and release stored minerals.
Term
Circumferential lamellae
Definition
Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer.
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Isolate bone from surrounding tissues.
Route for blood and nervous supply.
Actively participate in bone growth and repair.
Term
Interstitial lamellae
Definition
Fill the spaces between osteons.
Term
Marfan syndrome
Definition
Excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilage, which causes long, slender limbs.
Term
Giantism
Definition
Overproduction of growth hormones before puberty.
Term
Acromegaly
Definition
Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close, which cause the bones to get thicker.
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