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| a religion based on a belief in one god and the teaching of Muhammad; monotheism; thought Muhammad was last prophet |
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| five major practices of Islam; profession of faith, prayer, charity or almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca |
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| a Muslim place of worship |
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| Penmanship or handwriting, usually done with flowing lines, used as a decoration or as an enhancement of a written work; found in Islamic and Christian writings. |
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| Literally, “Arabian-like”; decorated lines, patterns, and designs, often floral, in Islamic works of art. |
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The porch or vestibule of a church, usually enclosed, through which worshipers walk before entering the nave |
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| a domed or vaulted recess or projection on the east end of a church; usually contains the altar |
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| Cross-shaped; used to describe the standard floor plan of a church |
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| A masonry roof with a framework of arches or ribs that reinforce and decorate the vault ceiling. |
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| a high narrow window with an acutely pointed head and without tracery |
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| In medieval architecture the arch over a doorway set above the lintel, usually decorated with carvings depicting biblical themes; in Classical-style architecture, the recessed face of a pediment. |
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| In architecture, a water spout in the form of a grotesque animal or human, carved from stone, placed on the edge of a roof; half-beast, half-devil; devils god’s servants too (which is why they can be found in and outside the church) |
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| a time of day canonically appointed for an office of devotion; one of the daily offices of devotion that compose the Divine Office and include matins with lauds, prime, terce, sext, none, vespers, and compline |
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| a superior officer in a monastic order or religious house, next below the abbot. |
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| A style of musical composition in which two or more voices or melodic lines are woven together. |
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| remission of part or all of the temporal and especially purgatorial punishment that according to Roman Catholicism is due for sins whose eternal punishment has been remitted and whose guilt has been pardoned (as through the sacrament of reconciliation) |
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| a picture in an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript; the simple decoration of the early codices having been miniated or delineated with that pigment |
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| famous Dutch Renaissance miniature painters; They created what is certainly the best known late medieval illuminated manuscript, the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. |
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| A system of obligations that bound lords and their subjects in Europe during much of the Middle Ages. In theory, the king owned all or most of the land and gave it to his leading nobles in return for their loyalty and military service. The nobles in turn held land that peasants, including serfs, were allowed to farm in return for the peasants' labor and a portion of their produce. Under feudalism, people were born with a permanent position in society |
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| a feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service |
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| grammar, rhetoric, dialectic; in medieval education formed the basis for a bachelor’s degree; considered to be a triple way to eloquence |
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| 1095-1099- launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of liberating the sacred city of Jerusalem and they Holy Land from Muslims, and freeing the Eastern Christians from Muslim rule |
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| 1378-1417-the Roman Catholic Church split when the King of France decided that he did not like the Italian Pope and elected one of his own. The Great Schism, as it has been called, lasted for about 68 years, during which time there were two popes claiming authority over the Catholic Church. The Council of Constance was successful in healing the Schism. The deposition of the Avignon Pope induced the resignation of the Roman Pope. Therefore, the schism was healed and there was room for the election of a single pope, Pope Martin V, who reigned from 1417-1431 |
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| a Dominican friar who taught at Paris from 1252 to 1258 and again from 1269 to 1272; he was made a saint and later the papacy declared his thought the official basis of Roman Catholic beliefs; he steered a middle path (or via media), which gave Aristotle a central role in his theology while honoring traditional Christian beliefs, known as Thomism, this theological system remains one of the outstanding achievements of the High Middle Ages; the Summa Theologica is his masterpiece which showed that God had given human beings two divine paths to truth: reason and faith |
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| a type of stanza, of varying length, found in medieval French literature |
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| famous chanson de geste describing the betrayal of Count Roland at the hand of Ganelon. It shows the tension between Muslims and Christians of August 15, 778 |
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| “The Description of London”: Description of the city of London, its topography, monuments, trades, industries and population, is a vivid eyewitness account by one of its citizens and the biographer of Thomas à Becket. The author records here the daily life and urban pastimes of its people. His description was written some time before 1183 and stands almost unique among medieval texts for its attention to the sounds, smells and sights of a cityscape |
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