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Organelles :& Cells
Organelles/Cells and their functions
14
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/06/2011

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Term
Nucleus
Definition
Regulates all cell activity. It does this by controlling the enzymes. Stores all genetic information.
Term
Nucleoli
Definition
Synthesize rRNA and ribosomal subunits. Are related to protein production.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Definition
 Two forms
Smooth ER
Rough ER (contains ribosomes)

 Functions
Synthesis of organic molecules
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein (RER)
Transport within the cell storage
Term
Smooth ER
Definition
Is important in the synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins.
Term
Rough ER
Definition
Has ribosomes and is the site of protein synthesis.
Term
Free Ribosomes
Definition
In cytoplasm:– manufacture proteins for cell
Term
Fixed Ribosomes
Definition
Attached to ER:– manufacture proteins for secretion
Term
Gogli Apparatus
Definition
Flattened saccules adjoining the ER
Secretory vesicles: modify and package products for exocytosis. Membrane renewal vesicles: add or remove membrane components.
Shipping and receiving of the cells
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Tiny packet of digestive enzymes.
Used to destroy pathogen. Autolysis (cell suicide).
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Power house of the cell, is kidney shaped.
Uses ATP - requires O2 - spits out CO2
Term
The Cytoskeleton
Definition
A cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein.

The primary importance of the cytoskeleton is in cell motility. The internal movement of cell organelles, as well as cell locomotion and muscle fiber contraction could not take place without the cytoskeleton.
Term
Microvilli
Definition
The microvilli are tiny, hairlike structures on the surface of epithelial cells involved in absorption and secretion.
Term
Centrioles
Definition
Associated with the cytoskeleton.
Centrioles form the spindle apparatus during cell division that is associated with the movement of DNA. Movers of chromosomes.
Term
Cilia
Definition
Small hair like extensions.
Cilia "beat" rhythmically to move fluids across the cell surface.
Found in the trachea and reproductive tract.
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