Term
1) bone (maxilla and mandible)
2) teeths
3) tongue
4) salivary glands
5) lymphoid tissue (tonsils)
6) skeletal musc of the tongue and soft palate
7) nerves and vessels |
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Definition
| list the contents of the oral cavity |
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Term
1) ceiling: hard and soft palate
2) posterior: oropharynx(palatopharyngeal arch)
3) floor: skin in mandible
4) lateral: buccinator? |
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Definition
| what makes the boundaries of the oral cavity? |
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Term
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Definition
| what tonsil is found between the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches? |
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Term
anterior: palatoglossal arch
posterior: palatopharyngeal arch (this is the border between the oral cavity and the pharynx) |
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Definition
| which arch surrounding the palatine tonsil is more posterior? which is more anterior? |
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Term
|
Definition
| which is more anterior, hard palate or soft palate? |
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Term
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Definition
| what does the uvula hang off? |
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Term
| 5-8, roof of the mouth, help to manipulate a bolus of food and helps a little with speech |
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Definition
| how many palatine rugae do you have, where do you find them, and what is their purpose? |
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Term
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Definition
| what structure just deep to the upper lip gets torn a lot in kids and bleeds a lot? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the midline stringy thing underneath the tongue |
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Term
| the space between the teeth and cheek |
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Definition
| where is the vestibule in the mouth? |
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Term
| the buccinator musc and the buccal mucosa |
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Definition
| what forms the lateral border of the oral vestibule? |
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Term
|
Definition
| what bone forms the hard palate? |
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Term
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Definition
| what covers the hard palate? |
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Term
| the tongue mucosa blends with the gums to form the floor |
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Definition
| how does the floor of the mouth work in terms of mucosa? |
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Term
|
Definition
| how does CN 12 exit the skull? |
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Term
| somatic motor ONLY to intrinsic/extrinsic tongue muscles |
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Definition
| what are the modalities of CN 12? what do these go to? |
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Term
1)superior longitudinal
2)inferior longitudinal
3)verticalis
4)transversus
-we didn't learn them, he just mentioned them
-function: change the shape of the tongue and do not attach to bone |
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Definition
| list the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles, what is their function? |
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Term
1)genioglossus
2)hyoglossus
3)styloglossus
4)palatoglossus
function: change position of the tongue, these ARE anchored to bone |
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Definition
| list the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles, what is their function? |
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|
Term
genioglossus:
mostly PROTRUDES the tongue, but some fibers on the anterior tip of the tongue retract it |
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Definition
| name the main muscle of the tongue that you see, what does it do? |
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Term
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Definition
| this muscle elevates and retracts the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| this muscle DEPRESSES and retracts the tongue |
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Term
| mandibular symphysis (the other side attaches to the thick CT layer on the top of the tongue called the lingual aponeurosis which is deep to the intrinsic tongue muscles) |
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Definition
| what bone does genioglossus attach to? |
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Term
|
Definition
| what bone does hyoglossus attach to? |
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Term
| styloid process of temporal bone |
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Definition
| what bone does styloglossus attach to? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the ligament that attaches the styloid process and the hyoid bone |
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Term
UMNL: fasciculations without atrophy, deviation to opposite side nerve lesion (remember that UMN's cross over, so a R side UMN lesion, tongue deviates to the left, because the left side muscle is paralyzed)
LMNL: flaccid paralysis with atrophy, lesion to nerve on SAME side |
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Definition
| how do you distinguish a UMN lesion and an LMN lesion of CN 12 with the tongue? which way does the tongue deviate? |
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Term
| the MYLOHYOID (FO SHO), geniohyoid below that, and anterior digastric sort of |
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Definition
| what muscles form the floor of the oral cavity? |
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Term
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Definition
| what muscle in the floor of the oral cavity that makes a hammock shape, and has a free posterior and lateral edge? |
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Term
there is a left and right with a midline raphe, the fibers are in coronal planes.
ACTION: stiffen tongue to give a solid foundation |
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Definition
| what direction do the fibers of mylohyoid go and what does this muscle do? |
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Term
|
Definition
| what innervates mylohyoid? |
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Term
| pulls hyoid closer to mandible to help with swallowing, it is perpendicular to mylohyoid which means its fibers run in sagittal planes |
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Definition
| how are the fibers of geniohyoid oriented? what does geniohyoid do? |
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Term
| CN XII hypoglossus (NOT V3 and NOT ansa cervicalis) |
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Definition
| what innervates geniohyoid? |
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Term
1) genioglossus
2) geniohyoid
3) mylohyoid |
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Definition
| order these from superior to inferior (internal to external): mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genioglossus |
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Term
| internal jugular vein and carotid arteries |
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Definition
| what major vessels does the hypoglossal nerve run forward and between? |
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Term
| it runs on the lateral surface of hyoglossus ABOVE mylohyoid |
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Definition
| when CN XII turns in the neck and runs anterior, what muscle does it run alongside? |
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Term
| its from C1, it just travels with CN 12 |
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Definition
| the nerve to thyrohyoid branches off CNXII, but what nerve does it actually come from? |
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Term
C1 ventral rami
NOTE: this hangs off CN12 |
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Definition
| descendens hypoglossi is formed from what nerve(s)? |
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Term
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Definition
| descendens cervicalis is formed from what nerve(s)? |
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Term
| C1-C3 ventral rami (aka descendens hyporglossi + descendens cervicalis) |
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Definition
| what makes up the ansa cervicalis? |
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Term
| the occipital artery to SCM |
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Definition
| when CN 12 pierces the carotid sheath, it goes lateral to ICA and ECA, but medial to the IJV. What vessel loops over the top of CN XII and what is it a branch of? |
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Term
| it sits one inch above the hyoid |
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Definition
| how do you locate the hypoglossal nerve using the hyoid bone? |
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Term
=V3 + chorda tympani (CN 7)
1) somatic sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue from V3
2) parasympathetics from CN 7
3) taste anterior 2/3 from CN 7
LINGUAL BRANCHES of hypoglossal n:
4) somatic motor to tongue muscles
5) taste to the posterior 1/3 of tongue |
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Definition
| what info is carried in the lingual nerve? |
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Term
| hypoglossal is medial to post. digastric |
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Definition
| where is the hypoglossal nerve in relation to posterior digastric muscle? |
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Term
| lingual nerve is always superior and both nerves are lateral to hyoglossus |
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Definition
| what muscle are the lingual nerve and hypoglossal nerve both lateral to? which is more superior? |
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Term
| LA is medial to hyoglossus (nerves are lateral) |
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Definition
| where is the lingual artery in relation to hyoglossus? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the shared duct of the sub lingual and submandibular glands |
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Term
a pit in the tongue where the thyroglossal duct(atrophies at birth) attaches
-this is where thyroid cells originate |
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Definition
| what is the foramen cecum? |
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Term
2nd branchial pouch
3rd branchial arch |
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Definition
| mucosa over the palatine forms from what branchial arch? what branchial pouch? |
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Term
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Definition
| what divides the tongue into its body and root? |
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Term
this is the fibrous CT septum that divides the tongue into l & r halves in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
(the blood vessels do not cross in the front of the tongue because of this) |
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Definition
| where is the medial sulcus of the tongue? |
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Term
| the lymphoid follicles of the lingual tonsil |
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Definition
| what is the bumpy junk on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the lingual papillae that lose function in early childhood on the sides of the tongue |
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Term
|
Definition
| name the cluster of taste buds back by the suclus terminalis |
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Term
| filiform papilla (these are the keratinized ones designed to grip food) |
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Definition
| name the lingual papilla with no taste buds |
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Term
|
Definition
| name the round hard papillae tjat have taste buds over most of the tongue |
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|
Term
it is tightly attached in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue,
but loose and freely moveable in the posterior 1/3 |
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Definition
| describe the attachment of the mucous membrane to the connective tissue in the tongue |
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Term
| sublingual gland, uses small ducts in the mucosa of the floor of the mouth, or the submandibular duct |
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Definition
| what salivary gland lies completely within the oral cavity? what duct(s) does it use? |
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Term
| submandibular gland, uses a submandibular duct |
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Definition
| what salivary gland lies partially within the oral cavity, and partially beneath it? what duct(s) does it use? |
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Term
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Definition
| what muscle does the submandibular duct curve around? |
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Term
| the submental branch of the facial artery is the primary blood supply, it crosses below the mandible at the location of the gland. |
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Definition
| what artery supplies the submandibular gland, where does it travel to get to it? |
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|
Term
it starts lateral, goes under and medial to it, then superior and lateral again
(spiral around it) |
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Definition
| how does the lingual nerve travel relative to the submandibular duct? |
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Term
| a swelling at the base of the lingual frenulum where the submandibular duct comes out |
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Definition
| what is the sublingual caruncle? |
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Term
| dorsal lingual artery, MIDLINE ANASTAMOSES!! |
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Definition
| what artery supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, and where does it anastamose? |
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Term
the deep lingual artery, it has no midline ansatamoses
(this artery travels inside genioglosus) |
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Definition
| what artery supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and where does it anastamose? |
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Term
| the affected side will be pale, and the other side will be normal because there is no midline anastamoses in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
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Definition
| what happens to the tongue in kids when one side gets decrease blood flow? |
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Term
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Definition
| what artery supplies soft tissue of the oral cavity below the palate and comes off the ECA first deep to hyoglossus? |
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Term
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Definition
| what drains the dorsum and sides of the tongue? |
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Term
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Definition
| what veins drain the tip of the tongue, the sublingual gland, and floor of the mouth? |
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Term
| the hypoglossal nerve, this vein is sometimes called the ranine vein |
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Definition
| what accompanies the deep lingual vein and runs medial to the fimbriated fold of the tongue? |
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Term
|
Definition
| what structure runs with the dorsal lingual vein? |
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Term
| ranulas (these are a big benign bubble of saliva that can't drain) |
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Definition
| name the cysts that result from a blocked sublingual duct |
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|
Term
ANTERIOR 2/3:
1) sense CN V
2) taste CN VII
POSTERIOR 1/3:
3) sense & taste: CN IX
EPIGLOTTIS
4) taste CN X
MOTOR: CN XII |
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Definition
| name the cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and what type of sensation and where in the tongue. |
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|
Term
1) CN V
2) CN VII
3) CN IX
4) CN X
MYOTOMES (muscle) is from CN XII) |
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Definition
| match the branchial arches with cranial nerves, what arches form the tongue? |
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Term
| in their teeth, at the dentoenamel junction (a narrow part of the tooth where the enamel ends below the gum line) |
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Definition
| where is the cervix in the male body? |
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Term
| the outer cover of the tooth below the cervix where the ligament attaches |
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Definition
| where/what is the cementum of a tooth? |
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Term
| this is the enamel coat on the surface of the tooth above the cervix |
|
Definition
| what is the crown of the tooth made of? |
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Term
| its the hollow cavity on the inside of the tooth with only nerve endings and blood vessels in it |
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Definition
| what/where is the pulp of the tooth? |
|
|
Term
| the apical foramina (at the apex of the tooth) which is at the base of the tooth |
|
Definition
| name the foramina in the tooth that blood and nerves go through |
|
|
Term
| dentin, its like enamel but more organic and less mineralized |
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Definition
| name the tooth layer just deep to the enamel |
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Term
V2 upper (superior alveolar)
V3 lower (inferior alveolar) |
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Definition
| describe the innervation to the teeth |
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Term
| the brain shuts off the jaw elevators, so you stop biting down and don't break your tooth |
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Definition
| there is a reflex that occurs when you strain the periodontal ligaments, what is the motor component of the reflex loop? |
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Term
| the fit in the alveolae of the mandible, and periodontal ligaments anchor the teeth and act as shock absorbers and have proprioceptive fxn |
|
Definition
| what holds the tooth roots in place? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| how many teeth does a normal adult have? |
|
|
Term
| I,C,P, or M followed by a superscript numer or subscript for upper/lower tooth |
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Definition
| how do you denote tooth type with permanent dentition? |
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Term
blade-like or pointed cusp, 1 root
function: incision
cut, slice, tear |
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Definition
| describe the cusps, root number, and function of canines/incisors |
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Term
cusps: premolars have 2, molars have 3-5
roots: 2 or 3
function: mastication (grinding) |
|
Definition
| describe the cusps, root number, and function of premolars/molars |
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Term
|
Definition
| where do you start when numbering permanent dentition? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| how many teeth make up the deciduous dentition? |
|
|
Term
| NO, they are premolars because they have the same developmental origin |
|
Definition
| are there deciduous molars? |
|
|
Term
lower case i,c,p,m sub/superscript, except for c which gets a line above or below
some weirdos use capital letters with a lowercase d in front for deciduous |
|
Definition
| how do you denote tooth type with deciduous dentition? |
|
|
Term
| begin with p2 (right most posterior premolar in the upper jaw) then go 1d-20d or A-T |
|
Definition
| how do you number deciduous teeth? |
|
|
Term
| you can screw up your permanent dentition because you may have mixed dentition and teeth developing in the mandible/maxilla |
|
Definition
| why is it bad to get a face fracture at 5 years of age? |
|
|
Term
1) eruption: movement of tooth crown through bone
2) emergence: breaking of the tooth crown through the oral mucosa(gum) |
|
Definition
| what is the difference between tooth eruption and tooth emergence? which happens first? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| when are there no visible teeth in the mouth? |
|
|
Term
| 6-8 months to 2-2.5 years, first is usually the lower central incisors |
|
Definition
| when do the deciduous teeth emerge? which come first? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when are there deciduous teeth without emergence of permanent teeth? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when is there MIXED dentition? |
|
|
Term
| usually lower first molar pops up around 6 year (lower teeth come before upper usually) |
|
Definition
| when do permenent teeth first emerge, which ones first? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when do the permanent incisors pop up? |
|
|
Term
| 9-12 years (there should be no more deciduous teeth after this) |
|
Definition
| when do the permenent canines and pre-molars pop up? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when do permanent second molars emerge? |
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|
Term
17-21 years
NOTE: those little bitches popped out when I was 17. I am now 21, and due to lack of dental insurance they are still screwing with my mouth. I have to get all 4 out which costs around 2 grand. Please donate to the "remove Sadie's wisdom teeth fund" if you have a heart. |
|
Definition
| when do permenent 3rd molars emerge? |
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