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Oral Cavity and Pharynx
Features of the oral cavity and pharynx for speech pathology
75
Anatomy
Post-Graduate
03/15/2012

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Cards

Term
Mobile articulators - what are they?
Definition
Tongue, mandible, soft palate, lips, cheeks
Term
Immobile articulators - what are they?
Definition
Hard palate, alveolar ridges, teeth
Term
What determines the resonant frequency of a cavity?
Definition
Volume and length
Term
What is the name of the process on the outer surface of the maxilla just above the teeth?
Definition
Alveolar process
Term
Where is the palatine process?
Definition
Lateral surface of Maxilla bone
Term
Where does the maxillary sinus open?
Definition
Medially on the Maxilla
Term
What bones constitute the hard palate?
Definition
Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone
Term
Proportionally, how much of the palate is hard/soft?
Definition
3/4 is the hard palate, the posterior 25% is the soft palate which is a fibromuscular shelf
Term
What junction separates the lateral incisors from the cuspid teeth?
Definition
Premaxillary suture
Term
What does the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bone articulate with?
Definition
Vomer
Term
The sphenoid bone has an anterior junction with what 3 bones within the pharynx and nasal cavity?
Definition
Ethmoid, palatine and vomer
Term
What bone has the following processes:
Pterygoid
Greater wing
Lesser wing
Definition
Sphenoid
Term
Name all the muscles of mastication that attach to the mandible
Definition
Lateral pterygoid at condylar process
Temporalis at coronoid process
Medial pterygoid at medial angle
Masster at lateral angle
Term
What bone does the epiglottis attach to?
Definition
Hyoid bone
Term
What bone delineates the border between sections of the pharynx?
Definition
The hyoid is the junction of the oropharynx and the hypo (laryngo)pharynx
Term
What features delineate the posterior border of the tongue?
Definition
Circumvallate papillae
Term
The membrane on the inner surface of the cheek is known as the...
Definition
buccal mucosa
Term
The oral cavity contains two arches, what are their names?
Definition
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal
Term
What is the name of the cavity that contains the lower lip frenulum?
Definition
The vestibule
Term
Pathology of what muscles causes "Sylvester Stallone mouth"?
Definition
Depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris
Term
What 3 features of the lip and nose are highly important aesthetically and may be deformed by a cleft lip?
Definition
Colmella nasi, philtrum and cupid's bow
Term
What's the difference between the epithelium of the skin, buccal mucosa and trachea?
Definition
Skin is stratified and has a keratin layer. The buccal mucosa and lining of the oropharynx is stratified with no keratin. The trachea is pseudostratified with no keratin.
Term
What are the 3 salivary glands?
Definition
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Term
Where are the vallecula located?
Definition
Posterior to the tongue, just anterior to the pharyngeal portion
Term
What is the origin of the transverse muscle of the tongue?
Definition
The central sulcus or median fibrous septum
Term
How many types of tonsil are there?
Definition
Three - lingual, pharyngeal (adenoid) and palatine
Term
How is the tongue joined to the mandible?
Definition
By the lingual frenulum
Term
What form the sidewalls of the nose?
Definition
Three conchae or turbinate bones
Term
Name the four different pairs of paranasal sinuses
Definition
Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid
Term
Which sinus may be penetrated by the roots of upper molars
Definition
Maxillary sinus
Term
What is the name of the common chamber of the respiratory and digestive tracts?
Definition
Pharynx
Term
What is the extent of the pharnyx
Definition
From the skull base to C6
Term
What are the three sections of the pharynx?
Definition
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx
Term
Name the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Definition
stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
Term
What are the three ring-shaped muscles of the pharynx and their attachments?
Definition
The superior pharyngeal constrictor which arises from the pterygomandibular raphe.
The middle pharyngeal constrictor which arises from the hyoid bone.
The inferior pharyngeal constrictor which arises from the thyroid and cricoid cartilage.
Term
What are the two parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?
Definition
Thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus
Term
What is the midline pharyngeal raphe?
Definition
It is the posterior attachment point for all the pharyngeal constrictors except the cricopharyngus.
Term
What is the default state of the cricopharyngeus?
Definition
It is usually constricted
Term
Where is Killian's dehiscence?
Definition
Above the cricopharyngeus and below the superior and middle constrictors, the posterior pharyngeal wall consists only of the thyropharyngeus, which is weak and a possible site of diverticules.
Term
PLACEHOLDER - GAPS BETWEEN CONSTRICTORS
Definition
xxxx
Term
How is the pharynx innervated?
Definition
By the glossopharyngeal nerve (9 - for the stylopharyngeus) and the vagus nerve (everything else)
Term
Where do the Eustachian tubes open into?
Definition
The nasopharynx
Term
What is the name of cavity bounded anteriorly by the posterior third of the tongue up to the circumvallate papillae?
Definition
The oropharynx
Term
How are the valleculae formed?
Definition
Between the root of the tongue and the epiglottis are three glossoepiglottic folds. The two spaces between them are valleculae
Term
What are the fauces?
Definition
They are the passages between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
Term
What lies between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?
Definition
The palatine tonsil
Term
What is Waldeyer's ring?
Definition
The protective ring of lymphatic tissue (tonsils) that surround the naso- and oropharynx, playing an important role in immune response
Term
Where are the pyriform sinuses?
Definition
Medial to the thyroid cartilage
Term
What muscles interact with the soft palate?
Definition
The tensor veli palatini and the levator palatini, the palatoglossus and the palatopharyngeus muscles. The musculus uvulae.
Term
What are the functions of the tensor veli palatini?
Definition
It tenses the muscles of the soft palate to allow other muscles to act upon it. It also allows the eustachian tube to open
Term
What are the functions of the levator veli palatini?
Definition
It is the main muscle part of the soft palate that elevates it and helps close off the nose from the oropharynx during swallowing.
Term
What are the functions of the palatoglossus muscle?
Definition
It pulls up the back of the tongue to approximate it to the soft palate, closing off the oral cavity from the pharynx.
Term
What are the functions of the palatopharyngeus muscle?
Definition
It pulls the pharyngeal wall up during swallowing and helps close off the nasal cavity from the pharynx.
Term
What is the normal state of the soft palate during speech?
Definition
It is normally raised by the LVP muscles for articulation
Term
PLACEHOLDER PASSAVANTS RIDGE
Definition
XXX
Term
What pierces the buccinator?
Definition
The parotid duct
Term
What kind of saliva is produced by the parotid gland?
Definition
Thin and serous to lubricate the food bolus
Term
Where do the submandibular glands open?
Definition
The oral cavity, adjacent to the lingual frenulum
Term
What do the submandibular glands produce?
Definition
Serous saliva and mucus
Term
What pierces the buccinator?
Definition
The parotid duct
Term
What kind of saliva is produced by the parotid gland?
Definition
Thin and serous to lubricate the food bolus
Term
Where do the submandibular glands open?
Definition
The oral cavity, adjacent to the lingual frenulum
Term
What do the submandibular glands produce?
Definition
Serous saliva and mucus
Term
Where do the sublingual glands open?
Definition
Various ducts into the submandibular ducts and oral cavity
Term
What do the sublingual glands produce?
Definition
Mucus
Term
What are the 7 functions of saliva?
Definition
Lubricating for speech
Antibacterial
Acidic buffer
Digestive (amalyse)
Hygienic (remove food particles)
Lubricate the bolus
Solvent to stimulate the taste buds
Term
How are salivary secretions controlled?
Definition
Neurally, both simple and conditioned
Term
Are nutrients absorbed in the mouth?
Definition
Not normally, though medications can be absorbed under the tongue.
Term
What are the four types of tooth and how many roots does each have?
Definition
Incisor -1. Cuspid -1. Bicuspid -2. Molar -3.
Term
When do children develop decidious teeth?
Definition
Between 6/9 and 24 months. 10 per arch.
Term
When do the third molars erupt?
Definition
After 18 years
Term
What is class 1 occlusion?
Definition
Molars line up, maxillary incisors overlap mandibular.
Term
What is class 1 malocclusion?
Definition
Molars line up, incisors are at abnormal position.
Term
What is class 2 malocclusion?
Definition
Overbite by at least 1 molar.
Term
What is class 3 malocclusion?
Definition
Underbite by at least 1 molar.
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