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Oral Anatomy pt 2
Oral Anatomy
120
Anatomy
Not Applicable
03/02/2014

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Cards

Term
Which nerve is responsible for the muscles of facial expression?
Definition
facial nerve
Term
Which artery is the blood supply to the muscles of facial expression? What is it a branch of?
Definition
facial artery, a branch of the external carotid artery
Term
Which are the muscles that are responsible for smiling?
Definition
-zygomaticus(major and minor)
-levator anguli
-risorius
Term
What is the O and I of the buccinator?
Definition
O-alveolar processes
I-skin and muscle tissue at angle of the mouth
Term
What do suprahyoid muscles do?
Definition
-elevate the hyoid bone
-retract and depress the mandible
-chewing, swallowing, speech
Term
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
Definition
-mylohyoid
-geniohyoid
-digastric
-stylohyoid
Term
Which of the suprahyoid muscles make up the floor of the mouth?
Definition
mylohyoid
Term
What do the infrahyoid muscles do?
Definition
stabilize the hyoid bone, prevent elevation
Term
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
Definition
-thyrohyoid
-sternohyoid
-sternothyroid
-omohyoid
Term
What are the 2 main neck muscles?
Definition
-sternocleidomastoid
-trapezius
Term
What is the O, I, A and nerve of the sternocleidomastoid?
Definition
O-sternum and clavicle
I-mastoid process of the temporal bone
A-tilts and rotates head
Nerve-accessory nerve(XI)
Term
What is the O, I, A, and nerve of the trapezius?
Definition
O-occipital and vertebral bones
I-scapula, clavicle
A-rotates and elevates scapula(shoulder shrug)
nerve-accessory nerve(XI)
Term
Where does the blood supply to the tongue come from?
Definition
lingual artery, branch of external carotid
Term
Which nerves innervate the tongue?
Definition
1.facial(anterior 1/3 taste)
2.glossopharyngeal(taste on posterior tongue)
3.hypoglossal(motor nerve)
4.trigeminal(taste to anterior tongue)
Term
Where do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue start and end? What do they determine?
Definition
start and end in tongue, determine shape
Term
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Definition
-superior and inferior longitudinals
-transverse
-vertical
Term
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue control?
Definition
the position of the tongue
Term
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Definition
-hypoglossus
-stloglossus
-palatoglossus(X, XI)
-genioglossus
Term
What are the 4 papillae of the tongue?
Definition
1.circumvallate
2.filiform
3.fungiform
4.foliate
Term
How many circumvallate papllae are there? Where are they?
Definition
8-12, anterior to the sulcus terminalis
Term
What do circumvallate papillae do?
Definition
contain taste buds and glands of von ebner(serous)
Term
What do filiform feel like?
Definition
keratinized tips give tongue velvety appearance
Term
Are filiform taste buds? How many are there?
Definition
not taste buds, most numerous type of papilla
Term
What do fungiform look like and what do they contain?
Definition
look like red bumps, contain taste buds
Term
Where are foliate papilla, what do they contain?
Definition
-folds of tissue at posterior, lateral border
-contain taste buds
Term
What is the ventral side of the tongue?
Definition
the underneath
Term
What is the sulcus terminalis?
Definition
V-shaped line seperating the posteior 1/3 and anterior 2/3
Term
What is the foramen cecum?
Definition
found at the point of the sulcus terminalis, site of the embryonic origin of the thyroid gland
Term
What is the stomodeum?
Definition
the primitive mouth
Term
What are the 3 layers of the human embryo?
Definition
1.ectoderm
2.mesoderm
3.endoderm
Term
What is the ectoderm?
Definition
-outer covering
-lining of oral cavity and enamel
-nervous tisssue(brain)
Term
What is the mesoderm?
Definition
-middle
-forms skeletal and muscular systems
-organs(NOT brain)
Term
What is the endoderm?
Definition
-inside
-epithelial linings of internal organs
Term
When does development of the face begin?
Definition
in week 3 with the stomodeum
Term
What does the primitive mouth become?
Definition
the oral and nasal cavities
Term
What does enamel form from?
Definition
ectoderm
Term
What does dentin, cementum, and pulp form from?
Definition
underlying connective tissue- ectomesnchyme
Term
What are the 6 stages of tooth development?
Definition
1.initiation stage
2.bud stage
3.cap stage
4.bell stage
5.apposition stage
6.maturation stage
Term
What happens in the initiation stage of tooth formation?
Definition
ectoderm lining the stomodeum gives rise to the oral epithelium and the dental lamina
Term
What happens in the bud stage of tooth formation?
Definition
dental lamina grows into underlying mesenchyme in 20 places
Term
What happens in the cap stage of tooth formation?
Definition
-dental lamina becomes enamel organ to become enamel
-dental papilla arises from ectomsenchyme to make pulp and dentin
-dental sac surrounds tooth
Term
What does the dental sac become?
Definition
-PDL
-cementum
-alveolar bone
Term
What happens in the bell stage of tooth development?
Definition
-cells increase to form bell shape
-enamel organ becomes 4 layers
Term
What are the 4 layers of the enamel organ?
Definition
-outer enamel epithelium
-stelate reticulum
-stratum intermedium
-inner enamel epithelium
Term
What does the inner enamel epithelium become?
Definition
ameloblasts which form enamel
Term
What are odontoblasts?
Definition
arise from dental papilla to form dentin in the bell stage
Term
Which stage of tooth development has the greatest extent of differentiation?
Definition
the bell stage
Term
What happens in the apposition stage?
Definition
layer by layer formation of tooth structure
Term
What happens in the maturation stage?
Definition
tooth tissues fully mineralize
Term
What mineralizes the tooth in the maturation stage?
Definition
hydroxyapatite(crystallized calcium phosphate)
Term
What is the reduced enamel epithelium?
Definition
4 layers of enamel condensed together after production of enamel, most lost after eruption
Term
What is the junctional epithelium?
Definition
remaining part of REE after tooth eruption
Term
What is used as a blueprint for the root outline? When does it disolve?
Definition
-hertwig's root sheath
-dissolves after root formation
Term
What are rests of malassez? What may they cause?
Definition
-remaining cells hertwigs root sheath
-may cause cysts in the PDL
Term
What is the cell membrane?
Definition
lipid bilayer with proteins, controls what goes in and out of cells
Term
What is the nucleus?
Definition
stores DNA of cell, controls chemical reactions
Term
What is the cytoplasm?
Definition
watery gel enclosed by membrane, all metabolic activities occur here
Term
What are the lysosomes?
Definition
contain digestive enzymes, important in phagocytosis
Term
What is the golgi apparatus?
Definition
packaging and secretion of protein material
Term
What are mitochondria?
Definition
energy(ATP) production
Term
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Definition
network of membranes, rough ER contains ribosomes for protein synthesis
Term
What are filaments and tubules for?
Definition
structural support for the cell
Term
What is the hardest tissue in the body? What percentage mineralized is it?
Definition
enamel, 96%
Term
What is enamel formed from?
Definition
ameloblasts from the IEE
Term
What are lines of retzuis?
Definition
incremental lines in the enamel from mineralization
Term
What are enamel spindles?
Definition
ends of odontoblastic processes crossing the DEJ
Term
What forms the greatest bulk of the tooth, what percentage mineralized is it?
Definition
dentin, 70%
Term
What forms dentin?
Definition
odontoblasts from dental papilla
Term
What is primary dentin?
Definition
deposited before the completion of the tooth
Term
What are the 2 types of primary dentin?
Definition
1.mantle dentin
2.circumpulpal dentin
Term
What is mantle dentin?
Definition
1st layer of dentin immediately adjacent to the CEJ
Term
What kind of fibers does mantle dentin contain?
Definition
koroff's fibers (thick, heavy collagen)
Term
What is circumpulpal dentin?
Definition
rest of primary dentin
Term
What is secondary dentin? When does it form?
Definition
-forms after crown is in occlusion
Term
What do dentinal tubules hold? What can fluid movement in these cause?
Definition
-hold odontoblastic processes
-fluid movement in these can cause pain
Term
What does pulp contain?
Definition
-fibroblasts
-odontoblasts
-histocytes
-blood vessels
-nerves
-pulp stones
Term
How mineralized is cementum? What is this the same as?
Definition
50%, same as bone
Term
What produces cementum?
Definition
cementoblasts located in the PDL
Term
Where is cementum thinnest? Where is it thickest?
Definition
thinnest at cervical, thickest at apex
Term
Where is nourishment for the cementum obtained?
Definition
from the PDL
Term
What layers is the oral mucosa composed of?
Definition
-an epithelial layer(stratified squamous epithelium)
-connective tissue(lamina propria)
Term
What are the 2 layers of the oral mucosa seperated by?
Definition
a basement membrane that becomes the DEJ in developing teeth
Term
What is considered masticatory mucosa?
Definition
gingiva, hard palate
Term
What is masticatory mucosa?
Definition
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Term
What is lining mucosa?
Definition
-usually not keratinized
-has submucosa
Term
What are some areas of lining mucosa in the mouth?
Definition
-buccal/labial mucosa
-flood or the mouth
-soft palate
-alveolar mucosa
Term
Which area of the mouth has specialized mucosa?
Definition
the tongue
Term
What are the only keratinized areas of the mouth?
Definition
gingiva and hard palate
Term
Which 2 embryonic structures develop most structures of the oral cavity?
Definition
1.frontal process
2.1st brachial arch
Term
What does the frontal process form? (3)
Definition
1.forehead and frontal bone
2.median nasal process
3.lateral nasal process
Term
What does the frontal process form? (3)
Definition
1.forehead and frontal bone
2.median nasal process
3.lateral nasal process
Term
What does the median nasal process form?
Definition
-center and tip of nose
-nasal septum
-globular process(philtrum, premaxillary palate)
Term
What does the lateral nasal process form?
Definition
sides of the nose and infraorbital areas
Term
What are the 2 processes of the 1st brachial arch?
Definition
1.maxillary process
2.mandibular process
Term
What does the maxillary process form?
Definition
-palatal shelves
-upper cheeks
-sides of upper lip
Term
What does the mandibular process form?
Definition
-lower jaw
-lower face and lip
-anterior tongue
Term
What does the posterior tongue develop from?
Definition
the 2nd an 3rd brachial arches
Term
When does development of the face begin?
Definition
week 3
Term
When does the palate develop?
Definition
weeks 6-12
Term
Embryonic processes fuse BLANK to BLANK.
Definition
Anterior to posterior
Term
When do most malformations occur?
Definition
within the fist trimester of pregnancy
Term
What kind of glands are salivary glands?
Definition
exocrine glands
Term
What is salivary flow stimulated by?
Definition
the parasympathetic nervous system
Term
What is the duct of the submandibular gland? How much of the totl salive does it prodive? What kind of secretions is it?
Definition
whartons duct, 65%, mixed seretions
Term
Where does the submandibular gland excrete?
Definition
at the sublingial cranucle
Term
How much of the total saliva comes from the sublingual gland? What duct? What kind of secretions?
Definition
-10%
-bartholin's duct
-mixed(mainly mucous)
Term
Which nerve stimulates the submand and sublin glands?
Definition
facial nerve
Term
How much of the total saliva comes from the parotid gland? What duct? What secretion?
Definition
-10%
-stensons
-serous
Term
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the parotid gland?
Definition
glossopharyngeal
Term
What do ligaments attach?
Definition
bone to bone
Term
What do tendons attach?
Definition
muscle to bone
Term
What are the 2 movements of the TMJ?
Definition
1.gliding/sliding
2.rotational or hinge
Term
What is the tooth commonly found with a mesial crown and root concavity?
Definition
max 1st premolar
Term
What is the premolar most often having 2 roots?
Definition
max 1st pre
Term
What is the tooth with the longest root?
Definition
maxillary canine
Term
What are the teeth that most often fail to develop?
Definition
1.3rd molars
2.max lat
Term
What is the only tooth with a nonfunctional cusp?
Definition
mand 1st pre
Term
What is the tooth most likely to exhibit lingual caries?
Definition
max lat incisor
Term
What is the premolar that commonly has 3 cusps?
Definition
mand 2nd pre
Term
What is the tooth most often affected by microdontia?
Definition
max lat incisor(peg lat)
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