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Oncology
Oncology terms, drugs, and definitions
21
Veterinary Medicine
Not Applicable
01/30/2012

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Clinical signs of tumors
Definition

Destroys tissue

Pain and/or inflammation

Predisposes to infection

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Term
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Definition

Systemic symptoms not directly related to a cancer.

 

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypercalcemia
  • DIC
  • Anemia
  • Hyperproteinuria
  • Fever.
Term
Naming conventions
Definition

-oma: Benign, if benign form exists.

-sarcoma: Malignancy

Adreno- : tumor of the glandular epithelial tissue

Carcinoma: Tumor of the epithilial tisuues

Sarcoma: Tumor of the connective tissue

Term
Benign
Definition

Unchecked growth, but does not invade surrounding tissue.

May impair nerve function by their presences.

Term
Malignant
Definition

Uncontroled growth.

Invades and destroys surrounding tissue

 

Metastasizes.

Term
Metastasize
Definition
Spreads from primary site to new areas.
Term
Severity of tumors
Definition

Benign or malignant

Where it has spread

Aggressive

 

Term
Grades of tumors
Definition

Grading is done by histology.

Low Grade: Well defined tissue structure, slow growth, minimal invasion

High Grade: Undifferentiated tissue structure, reabid cell growth, aggresive invation of surrounding tissue.

Term
Staging System
Definition

TNM

T: Features of tumor at primary site.

N: Regional lymph node involvement

M: Metastasis

 

Numbers after letters, defined involvement.

T3N1M12

Term
Early Warning Signs
Definition

Abnormal Swelling

Sores that don't heal

Weight lose

Loss of Appetite

Bleeding fo openings

Offensive Odor

Persistent Lameness

Exercise intolerance

Dysuria, dyspnea, dyschezia

Term
Patient Evaluation
Definition
  1. Owner's perception of the problem
  2. Observed clinical signs
  3. Duration of clinical signs
  4. Treatments given
  5. Responses to treatments
  6. Concurrent/past medical problems
  7. Routine health maintenance
    1. vaccines, pest control. diet

 

Term
Patient Evaluation
Definition

Physical

Signalment

Cardiovascular, Renal, Hepatic

Palpation

Baseline Chemistry

Term
Cytology
Definition

Fine needle aspiration

Bone marrow aspiration

Term
Histopathology
Definition

Needle Bore: like fine needle aspiration

Incisional: Removal of part of the tumor and margin

Excisional: Complete removal of the tumor and margin

Term
Surgical Treatments
Definition

Surgical resection of malignant tumor

Cryosurgery

Curative: Complete and permanent removal of tumor.

Palliative: Short-term improved quality of care.

May long and extensive.

Term
Chemotherapy
Definition

Delivers anti-cancer drugs to entire body.

Appropriate for systemic neoplastic disease.

Term
Chemotherapy Indications
Definition

Single treatment for cancer (i.e. lymphoma)

After surgical treatment of malignant tumor

Radiation sensitizers

Tumors that can be be removed surgically.

Term
Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Definition

Can be cytotoxic to cells.

Clinical side effects:

  1. V/D
  2. hair loss
  3. bone marrow suppression

Two or more drugs may be used for maximum effectiveness

Term
Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Definition

Dosage based on body surface area for dogs and body weight for cats

 

Bone marrow suppression monitored by neutrophil count.

 

Term
Nadir of Leukopenia
Definition
The time at which the neutrophil count is at its lowest, after a treatment.
Term
Chemotherapeutic Drug Types
Definition

Teratogens

Cause birth defects in fetuses

 

Mutagens

Cause injury to chromosomes

 

Carcinogens

 

Causes DNA damage leading to secondary cancers

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