• Betty Friedan
• Birth control to Roe vs. Wade

• 1960-U2 spy plane incident
• 1961-Bay of Pigs invasion
• 1962-Cuban Missle Crisis: To the brink of nuclear war and bank-create arms limitation talks, hot line link between Moscow and Washington
• Internet decentralized communication system

• Cold warrior
• emphasis on defense spending, cold war, tax cut
• civil rights late, Peace Corps

• JFK Killed
• Lee Harvey Oswald indicted
• Oswald killed while being transferred

• Focuses on domestic program-elminate poverty
• Medicare, education aid (HeadStart), Vista (volunteer program), highways, housing, economic opportunity

Great Society

(During LBJ)

• War on Poverty Jan. 1964
• Econ Opportunity Act-creates OEO
• Job Corps, Vista, Hud
• Medicare, Medicaid
• El. and Secon. Education Act
• Higher educ.-grants and loans
• HeadStart, Mass transit, conservation, moon shot, immigration, arts and humanities, and war

• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Operation Rolling Thunder/Ground War
• Dilemma: withdraw, total war or limited war
• Tet Offensive-credibility gap

JFK 1963

Malcom X 1965

Robert Kenney 1968

Martin Luther King 1968

• Social programs increase
• defense spending soars
• profound distrust of government
• lose Vietnam-Lose trust  in president
• environmental concernssss
• idenstity groups increase in awareness, rights of women, etc.
• polarization: lose sense ofs community

• Great Society--create more opportunity for the poor
• Enhance (and fight) civil rights for all
• Wage war and contain civil unrest
• Wage peace and maintain order

• Fires on American ships off the coast of North Vietnam in August 1964
• American ships are engaged in spying as well as protecting South Vietnamese gunboats
• LBJ asks Congress for power to repel aggression
• result: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• importance: power to conduct a war without a declaration

• Air war to cut off supplies from north and damage economy
• Ground troops only used at first to defend air bases in south

Independence

and

Union

for the vietnamese, the war is intended to unify the divided country, status as an independent nation, reject the neo-colonial rulers the French had appointed

• National Liberation Front
• is the insurgents in the south (Vietcong)-40% of the South supposrts the North

LBJ Has 3 Options

(Vietnam)

• Total war-risk WWII and nuclear war
• Withdraw-destroy American credibility
• Wage a large scale, limited war
• LBJ chooses the last choice, though we don't don't know how to fight a limited war yet

1. No clear objectives--an undeclared war for minds/ideology, not terrioty
2. No clear reasons for war--not attacked like WWI
3. No front line
4. No clear distribution of enemy/friend

Defense Secretary

McNamara

Martin

Luther

King, Jr.

• a war that is fought by a disproportionate number of poor whites, blacks, latinos
• draft defers college students, teachers, grad students

LBJ Goals of

Vietnam War

My Lai Massacre

(1968)

1. "Enemies List"-draws up
2. He can't tell the difference between legitimate forms of dissent and illigitimate
3. Begins to use federal agencies to harass critics--target critics for IRS audits, wiretap, duty tricks campaign against political opponents

• Daniel Ellsberg to New York Times
• Secret study by the Pentagon
• Nixon outraged--uses ex-FBI and CIA agents Liddy and Hunt to form a "plumbers group"--they burglarize the shrink's office

• office complex that houses the Democrat's National Headquarters
• C.R.E.E.P hires Liddy and Hunt
• pay Cuban refugees to attempt to wiretap
• caught-President and CREEP? disavow any connection with 3rd rate burglary