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Nutrition, Metabolism, Glycolysis and Homeostasis
Nutrition information, eating disorders, metabolic reactions, cellular respiration and homeostasis
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/16/2014

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Term
Nutrition
Definition
typically supplied by the diet to provide the body with its basic needs including energy and the raw materials to synthesize molecules of life
Term
Morbid Obesity
Definition
more than 100lbs above a healthy weight; increases many disease processes and interferes with normal activities of daily living
Term
Eating Disorder
Definition
1 of 3 college-age caucasian woman has one of these
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
Definition
a psychiatric diagnosis that describes an eating disorder characterized by low body weight and body image distortion
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
Definition
known to be life-threatening and can put a strain on many normal bodily functions
Term
Bulimia Nervosa
Definition
psychological eating disorder in which the subject engages in recurrent binge eating followed by intentional purging
Term
Purging
Definition
vomiting, inappropriate use of laxatives and diuretics, excessive exercising and fasting are examples
Term
Metabolism
Definition
all the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism
Term
Metabolism
Definition
catabolic and anabolic
Term
Catabolism
Definition
chemical reactions that break down complex organic compounds into simple ones with net release of energy
Term
Anabolism
Definition
process of energy-requiring reactions where small molecules are built into larger ones
Term
Energy
Definition
the capacity of the body or a system to do work
Term
Adenosine Triphosphate
Definition
AKA ATP; the main "energy currency" in living cells
Term
Enzymes
Definition
substances that accelerate chemical reactions for the purpose of metabolism to create energy
Term
Enzymes
Definition
very specific for a particular chemical reaction
Term
Substrate
Definition
the substance acted upon by an enzyme
Term
Glucose
Definition
all cells metabolize this for energy; the brain relies almost entirely on it
Term
Glucose
Definition
the body's preferred source for synthesizing ATP
Term
Glycogen
Definition
glucose not needed immediately for ATP is converted to this and stored in the liver and skeletal muscle fibers
Term
Triglycerides
Definition
glucose is transformed into this by the liver if glycogen stores are full; stored in adipose tissue
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
the breaking down of glucose molecule and producing 2 ATP molecules of energy; occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
AKA anaerobic cellular respiration because it doesn't require oxygen
Term
The Krebs Cycle
Definition
AKA citric acid cycle; a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of the cell
Term
The Krebs Cycle
Definition
generates a large amount of ATP energy, usually 32-38 molecules per glucose molecule
Term
Aerobic Energy
Definition
requires available oxygen to occur
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant despite external environmental changes
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
involves two types of feedback- negative and positive
Term
Dynamic Equilibrium
Definition
physical and chemical parameters are kept within the narrow range that cells require to function properly
Term
Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Definition
the two key body systems that regulate homeostasis
Term
Blood Vessels and Nerves
Definition
indirectly connect all cells to each other with an elaborate network; carry molecules and hormone messengers to appropriate locations
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
response to a change which counteracts that change; reverses effects (i.e. body temp, heart rate, bp, water balance, etc)
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
overall result is to return the system to its original condition; negates the initial change
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
abound in physiological systems and are by far the most common feedback system in the body
Term
Positive Feedback
Definition
produces a response that intensifies the original change; effects continue in the same direction
Term
Positive Feedback
Definition
creates a chain reaction that usually results in a final event or outcome; (i.e. bowel movement, childbirth, etc)
Term
Positive Feedback
Definition
generally self-limiting and occur relatively infrequently in physiological systems
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