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Nutrition and Metabolism
Nutrition and Metabolism Notes
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
04/20/2012

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Term
What are the short term regulators of appetite?
Definition
Ghrelin, PYY, CCK
Term
Function of PYY and CCK
Definition
released during absorption to suppress appetite
Term
What is the function of ghrelin?
Definition
activates appetite
Term
What is the function of ghrelin?
Definition
activates appetite
Term
What are the long term regulators of appetite?
Definition
leptin and insulin
Term
How does leptin regulate the appetite?
Definition
It is secreted by adipocytes in proportion to how much adipose we have. Animals that lack leptin will overeat because their brain thinks they don't have enough fat stores
Term
Metabolism
Definition
total of all chemical reactions in body. consists of anabolism and catabolism
Term
anabolism
Definition
energy requiring process in which larger molecules are made from simpler, smaller molecules
Term
catabolism
Definition
energy releasing process that involves breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules
Term
Catalyst
Definition
Molecule that:
1. is not changed or destroyed in reaction
2. lowers energy needed to break bonds of reactants
3. speeds up the rate of reaction
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Biological catalyst that is specific and efficient.
Term
What differentiates aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?
Definition
aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Term
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Definition
36 ATP
Term
What are the products of anaerobic respiration?
Definition
2 ATP
Term
What is input for glycolysis?
Definition
1 glucose, 2 ATP
Term
What are the products of glycolysis?
Definition
2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate (which move onto Acetyl CoA formation)
Term
What happens in Acetyl CoA formation?
Definition
2 pyruvic acids move into mitochondria where they are converted to: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
Term
What happens in the citric acid cycle?
Definition
2 acetyl CoA's enter this cycle and undergo a series of reactions with acid molecules that results in the formation of:
2ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
4 CO2
Term
What happens in the electron transport chain?
Definition
electrons are transferred from FADH, NADH to the carriers and when this happens H+ ions are released out of the mitochondrion. In the last step electrons are transferred from the carrier molecule to the oxygen. Phosphates are added to ADP to create ATP.
Term
Lipolysis
Definition
triacylglycerols broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids
Term
Lipogenesis
Definition
occurs when ATP and glucose levels are high
Term
What is beta oxidation?
Definition
Free fatty acids undergo this process to become acetyl coA molecules which can enter citric acid cycle
Term
protein metabolism
Definition
amino acids can be interconverted to allow them to enter phases of carbohydrate metabolism
Term
protein metabolism
Definition
amino acids can be interconverted to allow them to enter phases of carbohydrate metabolism
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