Term
| What's pressure exerted by blood against a vessel wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's pressure as the heart contracts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's pressure as the heart relaxes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the avg. between systolic and diastolic pressure? |
|
Definition
| Mean arterial pressure (MAP) |
|
|
Term
| What are MM color, CRT, and HR & rhythm? |
|
Definition
| Monitoring parameters of blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What 3 factors affect blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| Blood volume, cardiac output, and vascular resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect on blood pressure can shock, inhalent drugs, and deep anesthesia have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect on blood pressure do pain, fever, ketamine, and disease processes have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 conditions should blood pressure always be measured? |
|
Definition
| Hyperthyroidism, renal disease, and heart disease |
|
|
Term
| What 2 situations should BP be measured? |
|
Definition
| Emergency care and anesthesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation |
|
|
Term
| What type of blood pressure monitering isn't used often, is usually on anesthetized patient, and is the most accurate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do you palpate the peripheral pulse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What indirect blood pressure method can measure systolic, diastolic, and MAP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood pressure method can only measure systolic pressure and is the most common/afforadable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 factors can alter BP using a Doppler? |
|
Definition
| Vasoconstriction and cuff size |
|
|
Term
| What can too large of a cuff cause in BP measures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can too small of a cuff cause in BP measures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 factors can alter the accuracy of the oscillometric BP machine? |
|
Definition
| Movement of machine and cuff size |
|
|
Term
| What formula?: cardiac output (CO) x total peripheral resistance (TPR) |
|
Definition
| Mean arterial pressure (MAP) |
|
|
Term
| What formula?: stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)= |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What formula?: SV x HR x TPR= |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the volume of blood ejected from the heart with each beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal systolic range of BP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the normal MAP for BP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What BP value represents hypertension? |
|
Definition
| greater than 175 mm Hg systolic |
|
|
Term
| T/F High blood pressure in pets is a primary disorder. |
|
Definition
| False, secondary (disease causes high BP) |
|
|
Term
| 93% of dogs and 61% of cats blame this disease for high blood pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cushing's disease and diabetes mellitus cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 2 problems that result from high blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| Vessel bleeding and increased risk of embolism |
|
|
Term
| What 2 organs are especially at risk with hypertension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After treated the primary condition that causes high BP, what 2 meds should be given to a cat/dog? |
|
Definition
| Amlopidine (cats) and Enalapril (dogs) |
|
|
Term
| What organ posseses special areas for detecting BP changes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the renin-angiotensin system. |
|
Definition
| Low BP causes kidneys to release renin. Liver produces angiotensin. When they meet it activates a rxn that produces angiotensin I. Angiotensin I travels to lungs where an enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II reroutes blood to life preserving organs (which gives more blood to the ♥ and more blood to pump forward), and is the strongest vasoconstricter in the body. |
|
|
Term
| What curtails the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug acts as a dilator of blood vessels, opens up peripheral circulation, and causes blood pressure to drop so the heart does less work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can needle size, too much pressure, poor technique, and lipema cause in venipuncture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of a soap is the presenting complaint, owner info., observed not measured, vx status, diet, and current medications? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of a soap is measureable, physical exam, and labs ordered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of a soap is response to a disease process, doctors dx, and list of words (client k d, etc.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of a soap is the meds included per order? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can puppies/kittens regulate their body temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the body temp. of neonates at birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F The best way to check for neonate dehydration is skin turgor. |
|
Definition
| False, they don't have skin turgur, check mm color |
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development do they sleep 80% of the time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development do they nurse vigorously for a short period of time (q 2-4 hours)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development can they crawl,suckle, and make distress sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development is the temp up to 100.1 degrees? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should a neonate's umbilical cord fall off? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development does the body temp. rise to adult levels and they can regulate it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development should the birth weight be doubled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development do they open their eyes and open their ears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What week of neonate development can they stand and have good postural reflexes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gender of kitten has a shorter anogenital distance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where's blood drawn in neonates? |
|
Definition
| Jugular vein (no more than 10% of blood per week) |
|
|
Term
| What neonate concern has signs if restlessness, continous crying, red mm, and are cool to the touch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F You should rewarm hypothermic neonates quickly to stabilize them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What neonate concern can cause tacky or dry mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What neonate concern can cause tremors, crying, lethargy, coma, and seizures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What neonate concern involves competing blood types that can cause death within 2 days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Malnutrition is a problem in neonates. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do 27/kg/day, 32-36/kg/day, 36-41kg/day, and 41-45/kg/day represent? |
|
Definition
| Weekly caloric requirements for neonates |
|
|
Term
| What neonate concern has signs of anorexia, lethargy, emaciation, and death? |
|
Definition
| Fading puppy/kitten syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What patients should you handle gently, walk slower, watch for pain, prevent decubital sores, and prevent urine scald? |
|
Definition
| Geriatric or recumbent patients |
|
|
Term
| What type of wound are sharply incised edges with minimal tissue trauma, and the tissue can be torn away? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound are partial thickness wounds of the epidermis with exposure to the deep dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of healing do wounds bleed to clean, vasoconstriction, fibrinogen circulation in blood, changes to fibrin, lasts about 4-6 hrs; blood clot and scab forms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of wound healing is 6 hrs after injury and WBCs leak into wound to remove necrotic and foreign material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of wound healing is 8-10 days after wounded, healing begins, laying down of fibroblasts & collagen, cells start to build skin and muscle cells and granulation occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase of wound healing is the last phase, changes in collagen -scar tissue- shrinking of collagen makes scar less noticeable; tissue is never quite as strong.W |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of tissue injury? |
|
Definition
| Partial thickness and full thickness |
|
|
Term
| What is a partial thickness injury? |
|
Definition
| Limited to epidermis and superficial dermis |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 physical stages of healing? |
|
Definition
1. Infammatory phase
2. Debridement phase
3. Repair
4. Maturation phase |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers to a bandage? |
|
Definition
1. Contact layer
2. Conforming padded layer
3. Holding and protective layer |
|
|
Term
| What's commonly used for temporary immobilization of fractures below the elbow or the stifle, the support comes from the compression of the thick cotton secondary layer, and multiple secondary layers of cotton and gauze are used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when a bandage isn't applied smoothly? |
|
Definition
| It can interfere with circulation or put pressure on vital structures. |
|
|
Term
| What do you look for when checking a bandage? |
|
Definition
| Swelling, discharge, pain, or unpleasant smell |
|
|
Term
| What's some disadvantages to plaster? |
|
Definition
| If it gets wet, it can become soft or begin to mould inside. Plaster can also break if it is hit or fallen upon. Skin problems and sores can also develop because there's no air circulation under the plaster. |
|
|
Term
| When would you want to apply a dry to dry dressing? |
|
Definition
| If loose or necrotic tissue or foreign matter are present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation. |
|
|
Term
| What instructions should you give to someone who has a bandaged pet? |
|
Definition
| Tell them to keep the bandage clean and dry, give them a fluid bag thread holes to make a purse-like hold when the pet goes outdoors, instruct the owner how to apply the bag and to have them remove the bag immediately after the walk, tell the owner to watch out for swelling, discharge, pain, or foul smell from around the bandages |
|
|
Term
| What end of the limb do you want to start wrapping and why? |
|
Definition
| The distal end because it prevents the pocketing of blood in the limb |
|
|
Term
| What areas are necessary to be bandaged in a fractured limb? |
|
Definition
| The joints that are above and below the fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you use an ehmer sling? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does a Velpeau sling prevent weight-bearing? |
|
Definition
| The front limb in completely wrapped against the chest and uses the chest to support the weight of the leg |
|
|
Term
| What're the 4 types of wounds? |
|
Definition
| Clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, and dirty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A surgical tubing that’s placed in a wound to drain fluid and to keep the wound open |
|
|
Term
| How often should a splint/cast be checked the first day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should robert jones bandages not be used? |
|
Definition
| Humeral or femoral fractures, because the humerus and femur would receive poor support and protection. |
|
|
Term
| How much overlap should there be when applying a bandage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How thick should the cotton padding be used on a robert jones bandage? |
|
Definition
| 2”-2 ½” times the diameter of the leg |
|
|
Term
| Why should bandages be started on the inside of a horse leg? |
|
Definition
| Starting on the outside could cause ligament damage |
|
|
Term
| T/F Stirrups in robert jones bandages are used on horses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a semi-rigid splint bandage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What splint is an external weight-bearing device? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are robert jones bandages used in horses? |
|
Definition
| Serious lower limb injuries |
|
|
Term
| Where are 3 places for the BP cuff? |
|
Definition
| Metatarsal, metacarpal, and dorsal piedal artery |
|
|
Term
| What's the BP cuff formula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 2 advantages to voided urine samples? |
|
Definition
| Non-invasive and not stressful to animal |
|
|
Term
| What're 3 disadvantages to voided urine samples? |
|
Definition
| Possible contamination, could miss or not get a good sample |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 advantages to manual expression? |
|
Definition
| Doesn't take a lot of practice and non-invasive |
|
|
Term
| What're 2 disadvantages to manual expression? |
|
Definition
| Not used much and annoying to the animal |
|
|
Term
| What's an advantage to a cystocentesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 2 disadvantages to cystocentesis? |
|
Definition
| Invasive and bladder could rupture |
|
|
Term
| What can you use to collect a cat urine sample? |
|
Definition
| Use plastic lab litter or unpopped popcorn |
|
|
Term
| What're primarily used on the hindlimbs to prevent excessive abduction on horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is primary closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is non-close? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is delayed primary closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is secondary closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is the wound cleaned with sutures or staples, minimal edema, minimal scar formation, and rapid healing? |
|
Definition
| First intention healing (Primary closure) |
|
|
Term
| What type of wound healing is the wound left open because of infection and is delayed by healing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What delayed primary closure wound healing is closed after 3-5 days debridement and cleaning, but before granulation tissue forms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of secondary wound healing is a safe method for repair of dirty, contaminated, or infected wounds with extensive tissue damage, it allows for mmanagement of infection or necrosis before closuure, and surgeon debrides damaged tissue before closure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are surgical incisions, aseptic, and wounds aren't predisposed to infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are elective surgery in tissue with resident flora, aseptic surgical techniques, and no spillage of organ contents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are fresh traumatic injuries (open fractures/penetrating wound), presence of infected urine/bile, and there are microorganisms in the wound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are heavily contaminated/infected, perforated viscera, abscesses, or foreign material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're the 4 immediate wound treatments? |
|
Definition
| Cover, apply lube/staple to keep clean, lavage, and debride |
|
|
Term
| Protection, compression, debridement, immobilization, and support, and restricted motion are beneficial effects of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're the 4 types of primary layers? |
|
Definition
| Adherent, non-adherent, semi-occlusive, and occlusive |
|
|
Term
| What bandages are used for road rash? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 2 advantages of a wet primary layer |
|
Definition
| Increased absorption speed and more comfortable removal |
|
|
Term
| What're 3 disadvantages of wet primary layers? |
|
Definition
| Bacteria flourish, tissue maceration, and labor intensive |
|
|
Term
| What should start forming under a non-adherent primary layer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're 3 types of splints? |
|
Definition
| (Mod.) Robert Jones, chest or abdominal bandages, and distal limb splints |
|
|
Term
| What're 5 types of slings? |
|
Definition
| Ehmer, velpeau, 90-90 flexion sling, carpal flexion sling, and hobbles |
|
|
Term
| What % of body surface burn is rarely survivable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much can metabolic requirements increase in burn patients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wounds produce massive amts of exudates and must be managed as open wounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What burns are superficial with no blisters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of burn have blisters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of burns are full thickness and surface may appear white/black and leatherly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of burn involves the dermis, SQ fat, and deeper tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of wounds are small skin openings with extensive deep tissue damage and foreign material are deep in the wound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What wound can have the skin intact but the tissue is not attached (Necrosis occurs after 5 days)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What result of compression of soft tissue and skin between bony prominence and the surface the animal is lying on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are equine bandages named? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals are modified thomas splints used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animal gets ear infections more? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do before beginning ear cytology? |
|
Definition
| Collect and read ear cytologic sample & make sure ear drum is intact |
|
|
Term
| What hold would you do for a feline IM injection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low oxygen at tissue level |
|
|
Term
| What're 3 things that can cause hypoxia? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and shock |
|
|
Term
| What does a SpO2 below 90% indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors can alter the accuracy of the SpO2? |
|
Definition
| Anemia, hypotension, tachycardia, hypothermia, movement, poor probe positioning, overhead lights, and pigmented skin |
|
|
Term
| What is the % of inspired oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of room air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a mask? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a nasal canula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a hood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the FiO2 of a endotracheal tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the partial pressure of oxygen symbol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the PaO2 of an intubated patient with the cuff blown be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of body wt. is water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of body wt. is intracellular fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of body wt. is extracellular fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of ECF is interstitial fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are sensible fluid losses? |
|
Definition
| Measureable (urine, feces) |
|
|
Term
| What are inevitable (insensible) losses |
|
Definition
| Not measureable: RR, Sweating, milk production |
|
|
Term
| What are abnormal fluid losses? |
|
Definition
| Vomiting, diarrhea, panting, polyuria, injury |
|
|
Term
| What's loss of total body water with preservation of vascular volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's it when vascular volume is not large enough to preserve cardiac output? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of dehyderation is not detectable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of dehydration is the subtle loss of skin elasticity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of dehydration is there a delay of skin tent, prolonged CRT, possibly sunken eyes, possibly dry MM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a result of cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Palpation of a peripheral artery can indicate drastic increases or decreases in blood pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of blood is drawn from a cephalic venipuncture site? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be palpable if the MAP is greater than 70 mm Hg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most accurate BP method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the term parenteral mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors should be monitered after a cast, splint, or sling is applied. |
|
Definition
| Proper application, make sure the animal isn't damaging it, and no loosening or cracks are developing |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to draw blood from a distal portion on a dog's leg? |
|
Definition
| If you get a hematoma, you can work more proximal |
|
|
Term
| What's the golden period of first intention healing? |
|
Definition
| Within hours of injury, the sooner the better |
|
|
Term
| What's an injury in which skin and varying amounts of ligaments, tendons, muscle, and bone are torn off a limb is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is excessive granulation tissue that can form on the limbs of horses duringg wound healing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is space remaining in tissues as a result of failure of proper closure that allows the accumulation of blood or serum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cause wicking of bacteria into a wound by a bandage? |
|
Definition
| The bandage being too wet after being left on too long |
|
|
Term
| What's the best way to treat ducubital ulcers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common route of vaccine administration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 wound types mostly require a drain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 methods of wound debridement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides the recordings, what should be recorded when taking a BP? |
|
Definition
| Size of cuff, cuff placement, and who took reading |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 diseases associated in dog and cats with high blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| Chronic renal failure and hyperthyroidism |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 methods of drawing blood from a cephalic vein? |
|
Definition
| Using a syringe or a butterfly catheter with a vacutainer |
|
|
Term
| T/F High blood pressure in cats is almost always caused by kidney disease or hyperthyroidism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme activates the hormone angiotensin in the kidney to control blood pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What're the signs of ear infections? |
|
Definition
| Redness, discharge, odor, head-shaking, and rubbing ears on things |
|
|
Term
| T/F No more than 20% of circulating blood can be drawn in one week from a neonate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 common concerns with neonates? |
|
Definition
| Dehydration and hypothermia |
|
|
Term
| What's the universal blood donor in a dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the purpose of the filter on a blood administration set? |
|
Definition
| To remove clots, so they don't go into the patient |
|
|
Term
| What's a solution that causes a rush of the solution into the cell so the cell blows up or lyses from the pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened to the potato in the hypotonic solution? |
|
Definition
| It was very rigid because the cells in the potato were completley packed with solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the principal cation in ECF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a delayed hemolytic rxn occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when one body compartment loses its normal amount of fluid? |
|
Definition
| The body will pull fluid slowly from other places |
|
|
Term
| What patient info does a SpO2 reading tell you? |
|
Definition
| The % of O2 carrying hemaglobin in the blood |
|
|
Term
| What's the cornerstone of shock therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tube is used for a nasal oxygen catheter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between fresh frozen plasma and frozen plasma? |
|
Definition
| FFP is less than a year old and FP is older than a year |
|
|
Term
| What's a colloid solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should irritating or hypertonic medications be given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a capnograph measure? |
|
Definition
| The amount of CO2 being expirated with each breath |
|
|
Term
| What's the unit of measure for capnographs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does a capnograph work? |
|
Definition
| The CO2 absorbs infared light and can be measured by the amount of infared light absorbed |
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between a main stream and a side stream capnograph? |
|
Definition
| Mainstream capnographs have the infared light sensor right by where the patient is exhaling. Sidestream capnographs have a tube that connects where the CO2 is being exhaled and the light source. The 2 things are further apart |
|
|
Term
| Where are IO catheters placed? |
|
Definition
| Along the long axis of a long bone and into the medullary cavity |
|
|
Term
| What a normal range on the capnograph for a normal awake patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hat can throw off a capnograph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the abbreviation for capnograph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's an advantage of capnographs? |
|
Definition
| Can detect changes faster than a SpO2 |
|
|
Term
| What's the first layer of bandage and what's its function? |
|
Definition
| Primary layer (contact layer), provides debridement, and can prevent fluid loss |
|
|
Term
| What's the second layer of bandage and what's its function? |
|
Definition
| Secondary layer (padded layer), insulation, and comfort for the animal |
|
|
Term
| What's the third layer of bandage and what's its function? |
|
Definition
| Tertiary layer (holding and protecting layer), holds bandage in place, prevents bending of limb, and protects wound for further damage |
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|
Term
| What's commonly used as an external splint for temporary support of a fracture before surgery can occur or for seevere lacerations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when bandages aren't applied smoothly? |
|
Definition
| Pressure sores that can cause necrotic tissue |
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|
Term
| What do you look for when you're changing a bandage? |
|
Definition
| Swelling, discharge, pain, unpleasant smell, make sure it's clean and dry |
|
|
Term
| What can occur when a moist bandage isn't changed frequently? |
|
Definition
| Bacteria can flourish, healing can be delayed, and tissue maceration can occur |
|
|
Term
| What are some disadvantages to plaster? |
|
Definition
| If it gets wet and can mould inside, it can break if hit or fallen upon,skin problems and sores can develop, and there's no air circulation under the plaster |
|
|
Term
| When would you apply a dry to dry dressing? |
|
Definition
| If loose, necrotic tissue, or foreign matter are present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What end of the limb do you want to start bandaging an extremity and why? |
|
Definition
| THe distal end because it prevents pocketing of blood in the limb |
|
|
Term
| What areas must be bandaged on a fractured limb? |
|
Definition
| Joints that aare above and below the fracture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can't a Robert Jones be used? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When's an ehmer sling recommended? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does a velpeau sling prevent weight-bearing? |
|
Definition
| The front limb is completley wrapped against the chest to support the weight of the leg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tubing device that's placed into a wound to drain fluid |
|
|
Term
| Why shouldn't a seton be used for drainage? |
|
Definition
| Setons are made of gauze and it wicks bacteria that could get into the wound |
|
|
Term
| How often should a splint be checked the first day? |
|
Definition
| Every 2-4 hours, daily after that |
|
|
Term
| How much overlap should there be on a Robert Jones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to start the bandage on the inside leg of a horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Stirrups in RJ on used on horses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a semi-rigid splint bandage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What splint is an external weight-bearing device? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are RJ bandages used on horses? |
|
Definition
| Distal limb fractures prior to surgery |
|
|
Term
| What % dehydration does the skiin remain tented, very prolonged CRT, sunken eye, dry MM, and shock symptoms (tachycardia, cool extremeties, rapid weak pulse) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of dehydration is there obvious signs of shock and death is imminent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the emergency fluid therapy fluid rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the formula for the daily fluid requirement? |
|
Definition
| Replacement + maintenance + ongoing losses |
|
|
Term
| What's the formula for daily fluid replacement? |
|
Definition
| % dehydration x body weight (kg) x 10 |
|
|
Term
| What's the maintenance fluid requirement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the replacement volume?: 10 kg. dog is 5% dehydrated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 main routes of fluid administration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What route of fluid administration should be used for mild dehydration, use isotonic fluids, and absorbtion takes 6-8 hours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What route of fluid administration is used for mederate to severe dehydration and is the best method? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What route of fluid administration is good for small/young patients, when IV access isn't available, and must use a aseptic technique? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saline and LRS are what type of fluid tonicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tonicity of fluid causes swelling and 0.45% saline is an example? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tonicity of fluid is good for head trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tonicity of fluid causes shrinkage, cells are seen as crenated, and 7% saline is an example? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are crystalloids aka? |
|
Definition
| Isotonic electrolyte solutions |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common types of fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is 0.9% saline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is D5W (5% Dextrose & water)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is Normosol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is 7% saline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are solutions contain protein or starch molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid stay in the vascular space? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid should you give to patients with cerebral or pulmonary edema and hypoproteinemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is Dextran 70? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is Pentastarch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fluid is Hetastarch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Stored wwhole blood is frozen, no refridgerated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, FFP, FP, and packed red blood cells are examples of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whats goal is to restore body fluid losses, re-establish noormal blood volume, improve tissue perfusion, and facilitate administration of certain drugs and therapeutics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are considerations for fluid therapy? |
|
Definition
| Tonicity, amount of glucose, electrolyte balance, acidity, osmotic pressure, and oxygen-carrying capacity |
|
|
Term
| What's the most common electrolyte imbalance? |
|
Definition
| Hypokalemia (K deficiency, ALWAYS DILUTE) |
|
|
Term
| What's the most common dog blood type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the minimum weight of a blood donor dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type must donor dogs have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age range and weight must blood donor dogs be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are blood tests for donor dogs? |
|
Definition
| CBC, chem panel, HW check, Babesia, haemobartonella, Ehrlichia, and Thyroid function |
|
|
Term
| How much blood can dogs donate every 4-5 weeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is blood drawn for donations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of crossmatch does the RBC donor with serum from recipient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of crossmatch does the RBC recipient match up with the serum from the donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the cat blood typing system? |
|
Definition
| AB system (no universal blood type) |
|
|
Term
| What blood type are most cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Most Maine Coons are type B blood and there's AB types? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can a kitten get neonatal isoerythrolysis? |
|
Definition
| A or AB kittens nursing on B queens |
|
|
Term
| What's the age requirement for cat blood donors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What weight must cats be to donate blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the PCV be above in blood donor cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 blood tests for feline blood donors? |
|
Definition
| CBC, chem panel, FELV/FIV, Haemobartonella, and FIP |
|
|
Term
| How much blood can cats donate every 4-5 weeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vein are blood collected for donor cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 feline blood products? |
|
Definition
| Fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, packed rbcs, FFP |
|
|
Term
| How often should you moniter cats that are recieving blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 non-immunological transfusion rxns? |
|
Definition
| Vascular overload, respiratory distress, and vomiting |
|
|
Term
| When would you give fresh whole blood? |
|
Definition
| Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and clotting deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| When would you give packed RBCs? |
|
Definition
| Hemolytic anemia and non-regenerative anemia |
|
|
Term
| T/F Crossmatching is very important for oxyglobin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of plasma ONLY has protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you give plasma? |
|
Definition
| Shock, burn patients, hypoproteinemia, pancreatitis, sepsis, and liver toxicities |
|
|
Term
| When would you give platelet-rich plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of catheters do you use for cephalic/saphenous catheters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of catheter do you use for jugular catheters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should you check IV catheters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you flush IV catheters with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the delivery rate of adult fluid administration sets usually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 things should you look for on a fluid patient w/ a IV catheter? |
|
Definition
| Swelling, leakage, kinked lines, and IV fluids running |
|
|
Term
| What's the drip rate formula? |
|
Definition
| volume of solution (ml) x drop/mL / time (sec) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the pressure of a solution against a semipermeable membrane to prevent water from flowing inward across the membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the measure of osmotic pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sugar moving through a solution until even concentration throughout the solution is an example of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 clotting cascade pathways? |
|
Definition
| Intrinsic, extrinsic, and common |
|
|
Term
| What clotting cascade pathway is acticated only by components found in blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clotting cascade pathway is activated by tissue factor and the common pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clotting cascade pathway combines 2 pathways with fibrin to form a clot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a presurgical screen of hemostasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hemostatis tests detects secondary bleeding disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a veterinary coagulation analyzer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a d-Dimers test evaluate? |
|
Definition
| The final stage of the clotting process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 places are transcellular fluid located? |
|
Definition
| Synovial joints, eye chambers, cerrebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
| What's the amount of force required to keep water in a compartment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's a combination of ions that form a substance that will break down in water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common cation in ICF? |
|
Definition
|
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