Term
| Sensory and motor neurons: which one are afferent, which efferent? |
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Definition
| Sensory is afferent, motor is efferent |
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Term
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Definition
| Afferent bring info in, efferent take it out |
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Term
| 2 general kinds of efferent neurons |
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Definition
| Autonomic and somatic motor neurons |
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Term
| Which kind of efferent neurons are related to controllable stuff, and what is that stuff |
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Definition
| somatic motor neurons control skeletal muscle |
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Term
| 2 types of autonomic neurons, what do they control |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, control cardiac/smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and some endocrine glands |
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Term
| What make up the CNS and the PNS? |
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Definition
CNS=brain+spinal cord
PNS=nerves+ganglia |
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Term
| What are the two types of nerves in PNS? Explain. |
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Definition
| Cranial and spinal: cranial are any above the shoulders, spinal are any down |
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Term
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Definition
| Clusters of neuronal cell bodies |
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Term
| Afferent/efferent are part of CNS or PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 main sensory divisions of sensory input and motor output |
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Definition
| Somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor |
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Term
| Somatic motor versus visceral motor, which is voluntary |
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Definition
| Somatic=voluntary, visceral=involuntary/autonomic |
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Term
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Definition
Touch
Pain
Vibration
Pressure
Temperature |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stretch, pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 main types of nervous cell tissue |
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Definition
| Neurons and support cells |
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Term
| Special characteristics of nerve cells |
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Definition
| Longevity, don't divide, high metabolic rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Rough ER in neurons that make neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the branches that bifurcates off the primary axon is the axon collateral, and it projects back toward the cell itself. |
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Term
| 2 types of synapses, explain |
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Definition
Axodendritic: Between axon terminals of one neuron and dendrites of another, are most common
Axosomatic: Between axons and neuronal cell bodies |
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Term
| Classifications of neurons, not much detail, what differentiates them |
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Definition
| multipolar, unipolar, bipolar (multiple, one, two processes) |
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Term
| Functional classification of neurons |
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Definition
| Sensory, motor, interneurons |
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Term
| Sensory neurons are virtually all what kind of neuron in terms of number of processes |
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Definition
| Unipolar (so one process) |
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Term
| Motor neurons neurons are mostly what kind of neuron in terms of number of processes |
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Definition
| Multipolar (so multiple processes) |
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Term
| Interneurons are mostly what kind of neuron in terms of number of processes |
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Definition
| Multipolar (so multiple processes) |
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Term
| How many kinds of supporting cells are there-break them down by CNS and PNS |
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Definition
Four in the CNS (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells)
Two in the PNS (Schwann and satellite cells) |
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Term
| Most abundant type of CNS neuroglia |
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Definition
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Term
| What do oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells do and where? |
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Definition
| Both make myelin coating for axons, the former in CNS and the latter in PNS |
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Term
| what are the layers of a nerve (hint think like muscle). list them outermost to innermost |
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Definition
| Epineurium surrounds whole nerve, perineurium surrounds nerve fascicles (bundles of axons), endoneurium surrounds each axon |
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Term
| What is gray matter primarily composed of? |
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Definition
| neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons |
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Term
| What does gray matter form in the spinal cord and what does it contain? |
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Definition
| It forms an H-shaped region in the spinal cord and the ventral half contains motor neuron cell bodies, while the dorsal half contains interneurons. |
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Term
| What is white matter composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is white matter located? |
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Definition
| External to the gray matter of the CNS |
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Term
| 5 components to reflex arc |
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Definition
1. Receptor (site where stimulus acts)
2. Sensory neuron (transmits afferent impulses to CNS)
3. Integration center (consists of one or more synapses in the CNS)
4. Motor neuron (conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector)
5. Effector (muscle or gland) |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosynaptic, polysynaptic |
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Term
| Where are sensory/motor/interneurons located in the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| Dorsally, ventrally, middle. |
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Term
| Walk through polysynaptic withdrawal reflex for poking a pin |
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Definition
| Hand pokes pin, sensory receptor activates and transmits signal down sensory neuron (afferent) to dorsal side of spinal cord, into interneuron in middle of spinal cord, to efferent motor neuron on ventral side of spinal cord, to motor neuron that goes to arm which is the final/effector organ |
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