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NS I
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37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/06/2014

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Cards

Term
Sensory and motor neurons: which one are afferent, which efferent?
Definition
Sensory is afferent, motor is efferent
Term
Afferent versus efferent
Definition
Afferent bring info in, efferent take it out
Term
2 general kinds of efferent neurons
Definition
Autonomic and somatic motor neurons
Term
Which kind of efferent neurons are related to controllable stuff, and what is that stuff
Definition
somatic motor neurons control skeletal muscle
Term
2 types of autonomic neurons, what do they control
Definition
Sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, control cardiac/smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and some endocrine glands
Term
What make up the CNS and the PNS?
Definition
CNS=brain+spinal cord

PNS=nerves+ganglia
Term
What are the two types of nerves in PNS? Explain.
Definition
Cranial and spinal: cranial are any above the shoulders, spinal are any down
Term
What are ganglia?
Definition
Clusters of neuronal cell bodies
Term
Afferent/efferent are part of CNS or PNS?
Definition
PNS
Term
4 main sensory divisions of sensory input and motor output
Definition
Somatic sensory, visceral sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
Term
Somatic motor versus visceral motor, which is voluntary
Definition
Somatic=voluntary, visceral=involuntary/autonomic
Term
General somatic senses
Definition
Touch
Pain
Vibration
Pressure
Temperature
Term
Special somatic senses
Definition
Hearing
Balance
Vision
Term
General visceral senses
Definition
stretch, pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger
Term
Special visceral senses
Definition
taste, smell
Term
2 main types of nervous cell tissue
Definition
Neurons and support cells
Term
Special characteristics of nerve cells
Definition
Longevity, don't divide, high metabolic rate
Term
Nissl bodies
Definition
Rough ER in neurons that make neurotransmitters
Term
Axon collateral
Definition
One of the branches that bifurcates off the primary axon is the axon collateral, and it projects back toward the cell itself.
Term
2 types of synapses, explain
Definition
Axodendritic: Between axon terminals of one neuron and dendrites of another, are most common

Axosomatic: Between axons and neuronal cell bodies
Term
Classifications of neurons, not much detail, what differentiates them
Definition
multipolar, unipolar, bipolar (multiple, one, two processes)
Term
Functional classification of neurons
Definition
Sensory, motor, interneurons
Term
Sensory neurons are virtually all what kind of neuron in terms of number of processes
Definition
Unipolar (so one process)
Term
Motor neurons neurons are mostly what kind of neuron in terms of number of processes
Definition
Multipolar (so multiple processes)
Term
Interneurons are mostly what kind of neuron in terms of number of processes
Definition
Multipolar (so multiple processes)
Term
How many kinds of supporting cells are there-break them down by CNS and PNS
Definition
Four in the CNS (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells)

Two in the PNS (Schwann and satellite cells)
Term
Most abundant type of CNS neuroglia
Definition
Astrocytes
Term
What do oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells do and where?
Definition
Both make myelin coating for axons, the former in CNS and the latter in PNS
Term
what are the layers of a nerve (hint think like muscle). list them outermost to innermost
Definition
Epineurium surrounds whole nerve, perineurium surrounds nerve fascicles (bundles of axons), endoneurium surrounds each axon
Term
What is gray matter primarily composed of?
Definition
neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons
Term
What does gray matter form in the spinal cord and what does it contain?
Definition
It forms an H-shaped region in the spinal cord and the ventral half contains motor neuron cell bodies, while the dorsal half contains interneurons.
Term
What is white matter composed of?
Definition
Myelinated axons
Term
Where is white matter located?
Definition
External to the gray matter of the CNS
Term
5 components to reflex arc
Definition
1. Receptor (site where stimulus acts)
2. Sensory neuron (transmits afferent impulses to CNS)
3. Integration center (consists of one or more synapses in the CNS)
4. Motor neuron (conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector)
5. Effector (muscle or gland)
Term
Types of reflexes
Definition
Monosynaptic, polysynaptic
Term
Where are sensory/motor/interneurons located in the spinal cord?
Definition
Dorsally, ventrally, middle.
Term
Walk through polysynaptic withdrawal reflex for poking a pin
Definition
Hand pokes pin, sensory receptor activates and transmits signal down sensory neuron (afferent) to dorsal side of spinal cord, into interneuron in middle of spinal cord, to efferent motor neuron on ventral side of spinal cord, to motor neuron that goes to arm which is the final/effector organ
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