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| The study of how living systems work |
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| Material that the body needs to maintain itself:water, carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals |
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| Another term for intestine |
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| Another word for intestinal tract |
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Enzymes produced by the horses body which break down food into simpler elements that can then be absorbed.
Amylase: Breaks down starch
Lipase: Breaks down fats
Pepsin: Breaks down protein
Saccharidases: Breaks down sugars |
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| Bacterial breakdown of foods that the horse has eaten but not digested by his own digestive enzymes. Fermentation products can then be absorbed by the horses body and used. |
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| A high oxalate tropical and subtropical grass |
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| The slippery protein in mucus. |
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| The space inside the intestine. |
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Minerals are present in nature as “salts”, an electrically neutral combination of positively charged and negatively charged minerals. For example, potassium chloride is KCl = one K+ ion and one Cl- ion for an overall electrical charge of 0. Sulfates, phosphates, chlorides and oxides are some of the most commonly found mineral salts. |
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Cannot be broken down by the digestive enzymes that the horse's body produces.
(Note: Many things which are not digestible can be fermented by the bacteria in the digestive tract.) |
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| A metabolic breakdown product of fats,glucose, and amino acids. All foods are burned in the mitochondria in the form of this metabolite |
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| "Furnaces" inside cells shere foods are burned in the presence of oxygen |
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| Free, electrically charged minerals not in a salt form, E.G. Na+,K+,Cl-. To be absorbed intot he body, a mineral must be ionized. |
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| Chains of fatty acids attached to the backbone of the carbohydrate glycerol. Monoglycerides have one fatty acid chain, biglycerides have two, triglycerides have three fatty acid chains. |
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| "Loves" or dissolves in water |
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| Spherical structures composed of triglycerides and protein, which arrange the hydrophilic portion portion of the triglycerides on the outside of the sphere so that it will freely dissolve and move around in the bloodstream. |
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| A compound manufactured by the body from amino acids. It is needed as a carrier to get long chain fats into the mitochondria. |
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| Any complex containing a fat and a protein. |
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| The building blocks of protein. Amino acids are linked together like beads on a string to form protein molecules. |
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| Simple sugars that can be absorbed "as is" and do not require digestive enzymes to break them down further. |
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| Chains of more than one sugar. |
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Two monosaccharides linked by a chemical bond, These do require digestive enzymes to be absorbed. They include:
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactoce |
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| Sugar chains that contain 3 or more sugars are considered complex carbohydrates and cannot be digested by digestive enzymes (but can be fermented easily by the bacteria in the gut.) |
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| The process of breaking down foods so they can be absorbed by the body |
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| The process of assimilating the products of digestion from the intestinal lumen into the body |
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| bacterial digestion of food components that cannot be digested by the horse's own digestive enzymes |
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