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| French political scientist who had two famous works called Persian Letters, that criticized the lifestyles and liberties of the wealthy French. The second was Spirit of the Laws that outline which form of government is ideal. |
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| Believed the best form of government would be one to provide the greatest amount of liberty and must be strong enough to provide the greatest amount of security and protect from outside invasion. He also believed that a government should be elected by its people. |
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| Baron de Montesquieu believed that there were 3 forms of government: _________,___________, and _________. |
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| monarchy (king or queen ruled), republic (elected representatives or leader ruled), and despotism (ruled by a dictator). |
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| The idea that there is a set pile of money in the world that never gets bigger nor smaller. It is finite. |
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| Disproves the theory of zero sum mercantilism and states that wealth can be generated and is not fixed or finite. Said the way to do this was by mass production. |
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| Established Capitalism and is the author of The Wealth of Nations. Advocated for government to have the sole purpose in the economy by only dealing with settling disputes and providing money. |
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| Part of The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith that states that people should do what is in their self interest because it promotes the good of society and keeps prices low |
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| The________ used reason to attack superstition, bigotry, and religious fanaticism, which they considered the chief obstacles to free thought and social reform. They will be the first to challenge slavery for things other than it being immoral. |
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| The Philosophes believe that slavery or _______ takes away from a persons liberty and is vastly inefficient. |
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| Famous for representing the ideas and thoughts of the Enlightenment. It aimed to change the way people thought. Editors were Denis Diderot and Jean D'Alembert. It was the the first encyclopedia to have many named contributors and lavish ideas about the mechanical arts. |
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| After the first Encyclopedie was published, it was put underground and banned because it challenged the churches teachings and challenged the ideas of ________ and absolutism (direct challenge to Louis XIV) |
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| A gathering of people under the roof of a hostess designed to increase knowledge through conversation and spread ideas of the Enlightenment. They would cloak them as dinner parties rather then subversive activities. |
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| A period of social and political upheaval in France as a result of the massive debt and economic crisis that would send France into a revolution. Took ideas of the Enlightenment and Absolutism. |
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| 1. the "idea" or the enlightenment (From Locke, Diderot,etc). 2. The American Revolution (French looked back at this as a guide). 3. War debt of France that was massive and a burden to trigger a revolution. |
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| Key ideas of the French Revolution |
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| _____ was the monarch at the time of the French Revolution so he inherited all of the money problems. He wanted to push forward with the tax increase but the ____________( like a Supreme Court) of clergy and nobles dismissed this and blocked the tax increase. |
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| Louis XVI; Assembly of Notables. |
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| After the Assembly of Notables was dismissed, Louis XVI called upon the ______________ to discuss France's finances and help him with the block. |
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| The Estates General consisted of three estates: 1. _____, 2. _________ and 3._______________. |
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| the nobility, the church, and the third estate. |
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| When the Estates General meets, the church and the nobility will vote together and the third estate will vote as a group. The third estate then complained that they represented more than half of the population and should have more influence- they rebelled and broke away into their own convention known as the ________________- challenged the king and the other two orders. |
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| Members of the third estate created the National Assembly to establish a new constitution. They wanted a parliamentary system similar to that of what the British were moving to,and swore not to disperse until a constitution had been written and ratified which sooner is named _______________ |
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| The third estate was primarily French middle class or better known as the _____________ |
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| A fort/fortress for the monarchy and a prison. Very symbolic for France and represented the center of royal authority in Paris. |
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| The third estate forms the national guard and attacks Bastille, those who stormed in demanded surrrender of the fortress and released the seven prisoners. |
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| the National Assembly issued the ______________________ and put on paper what was happening on the French countryside. This was a statement that abolished bound labor, abolished the duties of forced road repair, spoke of a man's natural rights to liberty and right to resist oppression, the right to own property, all men are equal before the law, etc. |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen |
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| In october, unemployment rises and price of food begins to rise as effects of the_________________ and with it being harvest time in France, the French Harvest was smaller than normal leaving people hungry and upset. At a banquet, someone yelled Down with the Assembly and another uproar was happening. Women March to Versailles to attack the king because they believed he was to blame for the price increases. They also attacked the kings wife, Marie Antoinette by spreading rumors that she was involved in homosexuality and heterosexual affairs. To which she said, "_____________________." |
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| storming of the bastille; Let them eat cake |
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| After attacking the royal family, they will go though many drafts of the constitution and by fall they settle on an English form of government where legislative power rested with the National assembly and the_________ was retained. |
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| In November, the national assembly confiscated or ____________church lands claiming that it is retrieving land and said that it belonged to the nation that the Church had been holding in trust (French peasants/serfs). |
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| The purpose of stripping everything from the Nobility is because they took from the serfs initially. Therefore the slogan of the French Revolution is ________, __________, and ___________. Everyone from here on out is referred to as a _______ and to use something else would assert a status and go against equality. |
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| liberty, equality, and fraternity;citizen |
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| The National Assembly abolished monopolies, abolished tariff barriers(main money making device of nobility) and abolished __________ because they were vestiges of society and deprived them of liberty. |
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| The National Assembly believed that everyone should worship the same being and moved religion under their authority. Believed all organized religions were a waste of time. |
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| Cult of the Supreme Being |
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| a political party that came to power in 1791, considered a very radical type of group lead by Maximilian Robespierre. Supported universal suffrage, as well as the rights of man. |
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| The Jacobins came to power and strongly supported getting rid of the king and establishing an American form of government where there was no monarch. As the Jacobins took on the ideas of the revolution and became more radical and completely got rid of the Monarchs. This was deemed "________the revolution" and is where the revolution starts to get bloody. |
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| after Louis XVI was executed, they established the ____________that will be headed by Robespierre and had 12 members to establish an executive assembly from the national assembly. |
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| Committee of Public Safety |
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