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Normal nervous system
DSE mini test
37
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
03/13/2012

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Cards

Term
3 types of glia cells
Definition
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
micorglia
Term
macroglia
Definition
astrocytes
oligodendricytes
Term
Grey matter (GM)=
Definition
cell bodies of neurones and glial cells surrounded by pale neuropil
Term
neuropil
Definition
meshwork of cell processes and axons
Term
white matter (WM) =
Definition
myelinated axons and macroglia
Term
3 main structures of neurones
Definition
dendrites,
axon,
cell body
Term
do neurones in the CNS regenerate?
Definition
... no!
Term
Do neurones in the PNS regenerate?
Definition
... have limited regenerative capacity
Term
Why are neurones highly susceptible to injury?
Definition
They have a high metabolic rate and a high energy demand but little energy reserve capacity
Term
main cell involved in repair of neurones and mop up neurotransmitters =
Definition
= astrocytes
Term
BBB=
Definition
atsrocyte foot processes attached to bvs
Term
astrocytes play important roles in
Definition
CNS development,
structure,
physiology,
protection
and pathological responses
Term
main cell involved in repair in the CNS =
Definition
= astrocytes
Term
during repair astrocytes produce abundant filamentous processes called...
Definition
astrogliosis
Term
function of astrogliosis =
Definition
= to fill interstitial spaces left by dead cells or to attempt to wall off injurious agents
Term
astrocytes can secrete...
Definition
...GFs, cytokines and chemokines
Term
astrocytes can express...
Definition
...MHC molecules
Term
role of oligodendrocytes:
Definition
1. regulation of the perineuronal enviro.
2. myelination of axons
Term
satellite cells =
Definition
= oligodendrocytes lying adjacent to neurones or bvs in the GM
Term
increased no. of oligodendrocytes around injured neurones =
Definition
satellitosis
Term
nodes of ranvier
Definition
gaps between sheaths of myelin
Term
injury to oligodendrocytes =
Definition
= loss of myelin sheaths/demyelination = reduced AP conduction speed
Term
micoglia =
Definition
macrophage like cells
Term
role of microglia =
Definition
1. CNS development (remodelling and maturation of the CNS involves removal of cells by microglia)
2. immune responses, inflam and degenerative change
Term
gitter cells =
Definition
microglia and blood derived macro in CNS
Term
ependymal cell
Definition
ciliated cuboidal/columnar cell lining ventricles
Term
function of ependymal cells
Definition
1.involved in secretion, movement and absorption of CSF
2. regulatory function (permit passage of molecules to and from CSF and neuropil)
Term
can ependymal cells regenerate?
Definition
no!
Term
flow of CSF =
Definition
lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle - mesencephalic aquaduct- 4th ventricle - (small flow into spinal canal) // lateral apertures -subarachnoid space - absorbed by arachnoid villi
Term
functions of CSF
Definition
1. provide nutrients
2. remove waste products
3. protects against trauma
Term
leptomeninges =
Definition
arachnoid and pia mater
Term
subarachnoid space contains...
Definition
...CSF, bvs and nerves
Term
each schwann cell in PNS forms a...
Definition
...single internode/myelin sheath region
Term
endoneurial fibroblasta =
Definition
supporting cells (may have phagocytic properties)
Term
perineural cells =
Definition
fibroblasts within collagen, surrounding nerve bundles
Term
epineural cells =
Definition
fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells
Term
glia limitans
Definition
layer of astrocytic processes and fibres forming a layer adjacent to pia mater covering brain and s.c.
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