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| Women Air Force Service Pilots (WASPs) |
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| group of female pilots who did training exercises using Air Force aircraft during WWII; considered civil service employees with no rank and no uniform; many were more experienced than men enlisting in the Air Force; government refused to militarize WASPs, fearing that changing gender roles would immasculate men |
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| a female industrial laborer depicted as muscular, self-confident,fully capable of doing a man's job, and not particularly concerned with her appearance at work; originally appeared on a cover of the Saturday Evening Post as WWII propaganda to encourage women to work; more glamorous depictions of Rosie suggest that women were expected to maintain a feminine appearance |
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| 1944; provided WWII veterans with college scholarships and home loans; by 1946, veterans accounted for half of college enrollment; veterans receiving home mortgages spurred the postwar suburban housing boom |
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10,000 houses built on Long Island during the 1950s; quickly assembled from prefabricated parts; priced well within the reach of most Americans; began the process of suburbanization and the consumer culture; suburban housing was largely segregated by law or my custom, as in the bank policy of red-lining |
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| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
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| working-class Jewish couple living in NYC; in 1951, Rosenbergs convicted of conspiracy to pass atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets during WWII; death sentence carried out in 1953; recognizably part of the anticommunist crusade; almost no one defends the Rosenbergs execution to this day |
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| Governor Orville Faubus commands Arkansas National Guard to prevent the court-ordered integration of Central High School in 1954; bound by responsibility as chief executive, Eisenhower has federal troops escort nine black students into the school; federal government would not actively pursue integration. but proved it would not allow the flagrant violation of court orders |
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if one country falls to communism, surrounding countries will follow in a domino effect; dictated foreign policy beginning in post-WWII; used as justification of American intervention around the world, especially in Vietnam |
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| 1954; agreement to grant Vietnam independence from France; divided Vietnam into communist North and pro-American south at the 17th parallel; does not take into account Vietnamese citizens' loyalties; Ho Chi Minh's supporters living south of the 17th parallel considered Viet Cong |
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| 1954; overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; stated that "seperate facilities are inherently unequal" in regards to the segregation of public schools; inspired a wave of optimism that segregation would soon disappear; gave the civil rights movement some legal backing |
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| tesitified before the credentials committee of the 1964 Democratic National Convention in hopes of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party taking the seats of the all-white MS delegation; gave a chilling account of savage beatings she endured at the hands of police; the televisied proceedings opened Americans' eyes to the evils of white supremacy |
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| Viet Cong and Noth Vietnamese troops push to Saigon and occupy the United States embassy in 1968; media brought images of fighting in to America's homes on television; shattered public confidence in Johnson; many begin to criticize US involvement in Vietnam |
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| four anit-war protesters killed by Ohio National Guard at Kent State University in 1970; marks the high-point of the student movement; largely working class student body demonstrated how anti-war activism had spread beyond elite campuses |
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| conservative Southern Democrats split from the national Democratic party because Truman desegregated the armed forces and made civil rights a part of the Democratic party's platform; hoped to throw off the 1948 election; proved that only white supremacy would win votes in the Deep South; demonstrated that Southern Democrats felt threatened by the gains of freedom fighters |
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| President Reagan's speech to the National Association of Evangelicals in Orlando, FL in 1983; "evil empire" refers to the Soviet Union; rhetoric appeals to a generation brought up during the Cold War era; Reagan pleases Evangelical audience by using biblical references |
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