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Neurophys II
Primary Brain Structure, Structure and Fxn of CNS
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/13/2014

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Cards

Term
What are the (four) components of the brain?
Definition
Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Brain Stem
Term
What are the (three) components of the Brain stem?
Definition
Mesencephalon, Pons, Medulla oblongata
Term
What are the two components of the CNS?
Definition
Brain, Spinal Cord
Term
What are the three main tasks of the CNS?
Definition
Receive continuous flow of info, analyze and interpret that info, and send commands to the body
Term
Which portion of the cerebrum is grey?
Definition
the cortex
Term
Which portion of the cerebrum is white?
Definition
the medulary substance
Term
T or F: the cerebellum has two paired halves
Definition
False, it is unpaired, though the cerebrum IS
Term
What two components make up the diencephalon?
Definition
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Term
Define and identify the meninges
Definition
3 layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord
- Dura mater (outer meninx; thick, tough; supports the brain)
- Arachnoid (middle meninx)
- Pia Mater (inner meninx; tightly attached to neural tissue
Term
What is the gap b/w the arachnoid and pia mater called, and what is it filled with?
Definition
- subarachnoid space
- filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Term
Which meninx in the brain forms the venous sinus?
Definition
The Dura Mater (outer)
- functions to collect most of the blood from the brain
Term
From what is the Cerebrospinal Fluid formed?
Definition
The Choroid plexus (Capillaries of the pia mater)
Term
Where does the CSF circulate? (2)
Definition
- From the brain's ventricles down to the central canal of the spinal chord
- from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space, then circulates around brain & spinal chord
Term
What must the CSF pass through in before entering blood circulation?
Definition
It is drained into the venous sinus
Term
What are the roles of the CSF?
Definition
- provide nutrients to the CNS
- protection
- ionic concentration ideal for optimum neuronal function
- blood brain barrier = no cells or proteins, low AAs, only liposoluble substances can diffuse
Term
Which part of the brain is responsible for the conscious experience of sensory input?
Definition
The Cerebrum
Term
What and where is White Matter?
Definition
Beneath the cortex, composed of myelinated nerve fibers
Term
What fibers composed White Matter?
Definition
Association fibers (b/w both parts of the cortex)
Commissural fibers (b/w the two hemispheres)
Projection Fibers (connect cortex to other brain structures and spinal cord)
Term
What are the components of the cerebrum?
Definition
Cortex (grey), Medullary substance (white), Basal Nuclei
Term
Where are basal nuclei found?
Definition
Deep within the cerebrum (close to the thalamus)
Term
What is the function of the basal nuclei?
Definition
Work in conjunction with the cortex and cerebellum to control complex semi-voluntary movements (walking, running)
Term
What added control do basal nuclei have in birds?
Definition
Voluntary movements
Term
T or F: The Cerebellum is involved with consciousness and sensation
Definition
False
Term
What is the main role of the Cerebellum?
Definition
To prevent distortion of intended movement
- receives info, make movements smooth
Term
From which places does the cerebellum receive information?
Definition
Inner ear (equilibrium)
Proprioceptive receptors (muscles, tendons, joints)
Cortex (visual & motor)
Term
Which part of the cerebellum is composed of gray matter? (inner or outer)
Definition
Both! Gotcha, fucker.
Term
Which brain component is also called the "inner brain?"
Definition
The Diencephalon
Term
What is the diencephalon composed of?
Definition
(hypo/epi)thalamus (3)
Term
What is the fxn of the thalamus?
Definition
It is a relay station for: sensory info; cerebellum & basal ganglia; cerebral cortex
Term
What is found in the Epithalamus?
Definition
Olfactory correlation center
Pineal gland
Term
What is the fxn of the Hypothalamus?
Definition
- produces neuropeptides that control the Anterior Pituitary
- produces neurohormones released by the posterior pituitary
- principal regulator or autonomic nervous system; with brain stem, it's the most important region for homeostasis control
Term
What is the function of the mesencephalon?
Definition
- Visual reflex centre: receives visual info, controls eye movement
- Auditory reflex center (turn head for noise)
Term
What is the function of the pons?
Definition
- contain center for postural reflexes (hopping, righting, placing)
- control respiratory movements
Term
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Definition
- heart activity
- blood pressure
- relative distribution of blood to organs
Term
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
Definition
12
Term
Where are Cranial nerves '3' to '12' found?
Definition
Found exiting the brain stem and innervating structures of the head and neck
- most are both sensory and motor (mixed)
Term
What are dermatomes?
Definition
The portion of the skin ("derm") that sends sensory information to the spinal column
Term
What are myotomes?
Definition
Muscles ("myo") that receive sensory information from the spinal cord
Term
How many cranial nerves are purely sensory and remain purely in the brain?
Definition
2 (I, olfactory; II, optic)
Term
What is the 10th cranial nerve and why is it important?
Definition
Vagus nerve, most widely distributed nerve in the whole body (from neck to abdomen)
Term
What are the sections of the vertebral column.?
Definition
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Term
Axons (both myelinated and unmyelinated) refers to which type of matter? (grey or white)
Definition
White!
Term
Cell bodies & dendrites refer to which type of matter? (grey or white)
Definition
Grey!
Term
What part (grey or white matter) of the spinal cord is shaped like a butterfly?
Definition
Grey!
Term
When dorsal and ventral roots join, they make...
Definition
Spinal nerves (the dorsal and vertral roots merge with the spinal canal)
Term
How are spinal nerves numbered?
Definition
Based on which vertebra they originate
Term
What are dermatomes?
Definition
The portion of the skin ("derm") that sends sensory information to the spinal column
Term
What are myotomes?
Definition
Muscles ("myo") that receive sensory information from the spinal cord
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