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Neurons and Reflexes
Neurons and Reflexes
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/18/2012

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Cards

Term
Neuron
Definition
pathway for signals between brain and body
Term
Cell Body
Definition
AKA soma, contains nucleus and other organelles
Term
dendrites
Definition

sensory processes that extend from cell body

 

non myelinated

 

recieve info

Term
myelin sheath
Definition
insulation around an axon, speeds up action potential
Term
glial cells
Definition

two types

 

oligodendrocytes

 

schwann cells

Term
schwann cells
Definition

sheath peripheral neurons

 

assist in regeneration of damaged fibers

Term
oligodendrocytes
Definition

neurons of CNS

 

speed up signal conduction

Term
nodes of ranvier
Definition
gaps in the myelin sheath
Term
gray matter
Definition
neuron cell bodies, dedrites, and synapses
Term
white matter
Definition

bundles of axons

 

myelin makes it white

Term
CNS
Definition

brain and spinal cord

 

Term
PNS
Definition
cranial and spinal nerves
Term
reflex
Definition
quick, involuntary, stereotyped
Term
reflex arc
Definition
signal for reflexes travels via the REFLEX ARC
Term
somatic receptors
Definition
in the skin, a muscle, or a tendon.
Term
afferent nerve fibers
Definition
carry info from receptors in the posterior horn of the spinal cord to the brainstem
Term
integrating center
Definition
point in which there is synaptic contact between neuron and gray matter of spine or brain.
Term
efferent nerve fibers
Definition
carry motor impulses to skeletal muscles
Term
effector
Definition

often a muscle fiber

 

responds to the efferent impulses

Term
stretch (myotatic) reflex
Definition

helps maintain posture and equilibrium

 

important in vigorous and precise movements

Term
tendon reflex
Definition

contraction of a muscle when its tendon is tapped

 

famous patellar reflex

 

helps prevent injuries

Term
monosynaptic reflex arc
Definition
reflex arc with only 1 synapse
Term
reciprocal inhibition
Definition
muscles relaxing to acommodate the flexing of another
Term
flexor reflex
Definition

withdrawel of limb i nresponse to injurous stimulus

 

stepping on nail or cactus thorn

Term
polysynaptic reflex arc
Definition
pathway involves many synapses
Term
ipsilateral
Definition
sensory input and motor output on same side of spinal cord
Term
contralateral
Definition
sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of spinal cord
Term
proprioreceptor
Definition
nerves that respon to stretch or pressure
Term
2 division of PNS
Definition

sensory(afferent)

motor (efferent)

Term
2 divisions of motor (efferent) division
Definition

ANS (autonomic nervous system) - involuntary

somatic nervous system - voluntary

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