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Neuroglial cells
Neuroglial cell functions and locations
5
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2012

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Term
Astrocytes
Definition
  • largest and most numerous neuroglia
  • secrete chemicals vital to the maintenence of the blood brain barrier
  • create a structural framework for CNS neurons and perform repairs in damaged neural tissues
Term
Oligodendrocytes
Definition
  • The plasma membrane at the tip of each process forms a thin, expanded pad that wraps around an axon in the CNS
  • When wrapped around an axon myelin, which serves as electrical insulation and increases the speed that action potentials travel across the axon, is formed
  • each oligodendrocyte coats small portions of several axons so many are needed to coat an entire axon
Term
Microglia
Definition
  • least numerous and smallest of the neuroglial cells
  • derived from white blood cells that migrated into the CNS
  • perform protective functions such as engulfing cellular waste and pathogens
Term
Ependymal
Definition
  • line the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain
  • in some regions of the brain they produce CSF and in others they help circulate CSF
Term
Two types of neuroglia in the PNS
Definition

1- Satellite cells: surround and support neuron cell bodies in the PNS

2- Schwanns cells: cover every axon outside the CNS but can only cover one segment of a single axon

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