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Neuroanatomy
Test 1
62
Anatomy
Graduate
10/20/2011

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Term
Serotonergic (serotonin)
Definition
(Neuromodulator system) Pain, locomotion (Lower nucli)
Sleep cycle, mood and emotional behaviors such as aggression and depression (Upper Nuceli)
Term
Noradrenergic (norepinephrine)
Definition
(Neuromodulator system)Function is attention, arousal, sleep-wake cycles, learning, memory, anxiety, pain and mood
Term
Dopaminergic (dopamine)
Definition
NM system: Motor control (cortex)
"reward" centers linked to additive behavior (cortex and parts of limbic)
Term
Cholinergic (acetylcholine)
Definition
NM system: Sleep wake cycle, arousal, learning, memory, sensory info passing through thalamus
Term
numbness in hand
Definition
what happens with a supratentorial lesion?
Term
motor, sensory, respiratory, circulatory impairment
Definition
what happens with infratentorial lesion?
Term
loss of thinking ability, analytical skills, and communication skills
Definition
What happens with left hemisphere problem?
Term
behavior, spatial orientation, interference with mobility
Definition
what happens with right hemisphere problem?
Term
Hyperreflexia
Definition
increased muscle tone and reflexes
Term
Olfactory (sensory)
Definition
Cranial nerve I, smell information from nose
Term
optic (sensory)
Definition
CN II, visual info from eyes
Term
oculomotor (motor)
Definition
CN III, Eye movement, pupil constriction, lens shape
Term
trochlear (motor)
Definition
CN IV, eye movement (superior, inferior oblique)
Term
trigeminal (mixed)
Definition
CN V,sensory info from face, mouth; motor signals for chewing
Term
Abducens (motor)
Definition
CN VI, eye movement (lateral rectus)
Term
Facial (mixed)
Definition
CN VII, sensory for taste; efferent signals for tear and salivary glands, facial expression
Term
Vestibulocochlear (sensory)
Definition
CN VIII, hearing and equilibrium
Term
Glossopharyngeal (mixed)
Definition
CN IX, sensory from oral cavity, baro- and chemorecptors in blood vessels; efferent for swallowing, parotid salivary gland secretion
Term
Vagus (mixed)
Definition
CN X, sensory and efferent to many internal organs, muscles and glands
Term
Spinal accessory (motor)
Definition
CN XI, muscles of oral cavity, some muscles in neck and shoulder
Term
Hypoglossal (motor)
Definition
CN XII, tongue muscles
Term
Schwaan cells
Definition
wraps (myelinates) outer surface of PNS neurons, provides insulation
Term
Satellite Cells
Definition
support PNS neuron cell bodies within ganglia
Term
Nodes of ranvier
Definition
Unmyelinated areas b/t adjacent schwaan cells that produce nerve impulses.
Term
oligodendrocytes
Definition
Form myelin sheaths around several axons in CNS
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
Most abundant CNS glial cell, stimulate tight junctions, contributes to BBB, regulate K and pH of external environment
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
Most abundant CNS glial cell, stimulate tight junctions, contributes to BBB, regulate K and pH of external environment
Term
Ependymal cells
Definition
Secrete CSF, line ventricles, can divide and progeny differentiate.
Term
Afferent Division of PNS
Definition
sensory info towards the CNS
Term
Efferent division of PNS
Definition
Motor info away from CNS to muscle and gland
Term
Somatic NS
Definition
Motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle
Term
Autonomic NS
Definition
Neurons that innervates cardiac, smooth muscle and glands
Term
Brainstem
Definition
Recieves sensory input and initiates motor output via CN III thru XII...controls, regulates, and mediates BASIC life saving functions
Term
Corpus callosum
Definition
Major tract of axons that functionally interconnects right and left cerebral hemispheres.
Term
Cerebrum and Cerebral cortex
Definition
Responsible for higher mental functions, Largest part (80%)
Term
gyri
Definition
elevated folds of cortex
Term
sulci
Definition
depre
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
outer surface of cerebrum that is gray matter consists of neuron cell bodies and dendrites
Term
Projection tracts
Definition
descending or ascending tracts of white matter (myelin) in cerebrum
Term
association tracts
Definition
white matter tracts in cerebrum that go from one region to another within the same hemisphere
Term
commissural tracts
Definition
White tracts of axons in cerebrum that go from one hemisphere to another Ex. Corpus callosum
Term
Frontal lobe
Definition
Voluntary motor activity, speaking and higher intellectual ability portion of cerebrum
Term
Parietal lobe
Definition
Portion of cerebrum involved in processing sensory info
Term
Occipital lobe
Definition
portion of cerebrum involved in vision
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
portion of brain involved in auditory
Term
Motor cortex (precentral gyri)
Definition
part of frontal lobe, involved in motor control
Term
Insula
Definition
Implicated in memory encoding, integration of sensory info with visceral responses, also involve in cardiovascular response to stress
Term
Left hemisphere
Definition
more adept in language and analytical abilities, if damaged severe speech problems
Term
right hemisphere
Definition
most adept at visuospatial tasks, if damaged difficulty finding way abound
Term
Broca's area
Definition
involved in articulation of speech, if damaged comprehension of speech is unimparied
Term
Wernicke's area
Definition
involved in language comprehension, if damaged language comprehension is destroyed
Term
Aphasia
Definition
speech is rapid with no meaning, happens in damaged Wernicke's area
Term
Angular gyrus
Definition
center of integration of auditory, visual, and somatesthetic info, if damaged produces aphasia
Term
Arcuate fasciculus
Definition
to speak intelligibly, words originating in Wernicke's area must be sent to Broca's area.
Term
Limbic system
Definition
Group of forebrain nuclei and fiber tracts that form a ring around brain stem, center for basic emotional drives.
Term
Aggression and fear
Definition
Amygdala and hypothalamus control these 2 emotions
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
Feeding center is?
Term
sexual drive
Definition
Hypothalamus and limbic system collectively control this
Term
Goal directed behavior (reward and punishment)
Definition
Hypothalamus and frontal cortex collectively control this
Term
Cingulated gyrus
Definition
part of limbic system that has large role in emotion
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
Part of limbic system involved in learning and memory
Term
Thalamus
Definition
B/t cerebrum and brainstem, it is the rely and sensory integration, filter for info, regulation of skeletal muscle contraction
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