Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Neuroanatomy
Introduction
70
Anatomy
Post-Graduate
05/21/2014

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Name 3 proprioceptors
Definition

golgi tendon organs (tension) 1b fiber, afferent

 

muscle spindles (passive stretch - a load is placed, but there is no muscle action) 

 

joint receptors

 

Term

Most somatosensory receptors use mechanotransduction to depolarize the receptor membrane.

 

Which one does not?

How does it work? 

Definition

Merkel Cells

 

They release neurotransmitter onto afferent nerve terminals

Term
2 sensory inputs that go directly into the cerebrum:
Definition

vision

olfaction

Term

6 sensory inputs that go directly to the brain stem:

 

Definition

taste

viscera

face

cranium

hearing

head tilt and acceleration

 

Term
General functions of the pons
Definition

posture

REM sleep

facial expression

conjugated horizontal eye movements

Term

General functions of the midbrain

 

Definition

vertical eye movements

vergeance

pupillary control

posture and locomotion

non-REM sleep

level of arousal

Term

general functions of the medulla

 

Definition

BP

breathing

GI motility

ingestion

equilibrium

 

Term

general path of

pain and temperature

somatosensations

Definition

PRG

posterior horn (decussates)

ventral posterolateral thalamus

post central gyrus

 

Term

general path of 

touch, vibration, & proprioception

 

Definition

(sensory receptor)

PRG

posterior column nucleus (decussates)

(unknown thalamic???)

post central gyrus

 

Term
Which cutaneous mechanoreceptor provides the best spatial resolution?
Definition

Merkel Cells (touch, pressure)

 

 

 

Term
Which cutaneous mechanoreceptor gives sensory info about motion and speed?
Definition
Pacinian corpuscles (vibration)
Term

Capsaicin binds to a receptor that is also activated by high temperatures. It can elicit hyperalgesia to thermal and mechanical stimuli. 

 

Name the receptor it binds to.

Name the type of fiber that can be desensitized with repeated applications.

Definition

Capsaicin binds TRPV1 

 

C-Type Fibers are desensitized, inhibiting inflammatory mediators from peripheral nerves

 

Term
Which cutaneous mechanoreceptors are slow adapting throughout the  the stimulus?
Definition

Merkel Cells

Ruffini

proprioceptors

Term
Which cutaneous mechanoreceptors are rapidly adapting or activated at the onset and removal of the stimulus?
Definition

Meissner (tap flutter)

Pacinian (vibration)

 

(they detect movement and direction)

Term
Name the 3 major descending pathways for purposeful movement:
Definition

corticospinal tract

corticonuclear tract

brain stem- spinal 

 

also:

visual motor (extraocular movements)

cerebellum and basal nuclei (regulate the first 3)

Term
When several primary afferent nerve fibers converge on a secondary neuron, "convergence" increases the size of the receptive field. In what location do the primary afferent nerve fibers converge?
Definition
posterior column
Term

TRUE of FALSE

 

If there is a loss of blood to the post-central gyrus, could the patient lose discriminitive touch to the left LE?

Definition
TRUE
Term
Which artery goes to the red nucleus?
Definition
paramedian branch of the PCA
Term
If there is an occlusion of the PSA, and the patient experiences sensory deficits in the arm, which nucleus is effected?
Definition
cuneate nucleus
Term
Where are the cell bodies located if the axons ascend in the right anterolateral tract?
Definition
Left posterior horn
Term
If the patient has an MCA stroke and can no longer identify coins in hi pocket, which Brodmann Area is effected?
Definition
B 5
Term
The patient has difficulty walking for 1 week. He has pain in the right LE and back and its getting worse. The strength in his right gastrochnemius is 4/5. you checked his right side for pin prick and light touch of the lateral calf, standing on his toes, and his achilles reflex. What nerve root/spinal level is affected?
Definition
S1
Term
Choose (name) a term for a group of neuronal cell bodies:
Definition
Lamina
Term

Pair a thalamic nuclei with a tissue description.

VPL is _______________

Definition
heterotypical granular
Term
The patient is unconscious, experienced trauma, and exhibits decorticate posturing. Where is the lesion?
Definition
Cerebral cortex
Term
What are the signs of a a Brown-Sequard lesion at T8-10?
Definition

Spastic paralysis of the LE

 

Term
Which artery supplies the cortical spinal tract that descends in the internal capsule?
Definition
lenticulostriate
Term
If  a cup is heavier than expected, our reflex is to grip the cup tighter. How does this happen?
Definition
decreased firing of the golgi tendon neurons
Term
Where is the artery occlusion if the patient has a weak left leg, weak left UE, decreased discriminative touach on the left, hemiparesis, and symptos that are worsening?
Definition
Paramedian Branches of Basilar A.
Term
In the patellar tendon reflex, the type 1a sensory fibers synapse on which cells?
Definition
(i don't know)
Term
Name the 3 major ascending pathways:
Definition

ALS

PC-MLS

trigeminal nuclei of trigeminal systems

Term

Correctly match the location/names with

Rexed's lamina numbers:

 

anterior horn                     II

intermediate zone   III and IV

nucleus pulposus               VII

substantia gelatinosa          IX

Definition

CORRECT:

 

anterior horn                      IX

intermediate zone              VII

nucleus pulposus       III and IV

substantia gelatinosa             II

Term

what system does PICA supply?

At what level of the brain stem?

Definition

ALS

 

Rostral Medulla

Term

What system does PSA supply?

 

Which nuclei?

 

What level of the brain stem?

Definition

PC-MLS

 

gracile and cuneate nuc.

 

caudal medulla

Term

What nuclei does the vertebral artery supply?

 

What brain stem level?

Definition

olive

inferior olivary nuclei

 

at both rosral and caudal medulla

Term

What structures do the paramedian br. of basilar artery supply?

 

What level?

Definition

desc. fibers

medial pontine nuclei

medial lemniscus

 

pons

Term
What nuclei does ASA supply?
Definition

pyramid

medial lemniscus

Term

What structures does the paramedian br. of PCA supply?

 

Definition

red nuc.

medial substantia nigra

medial crus cerebri

 

 

at the level of midbrain

Term
What does quadrigeminal a. supply? (7+ items)
Definition

sup. and inf. colliculus

periaqueductal gray

ALS

medial lemniscus

lateral substantia nigra

Lateral crus cerebri

Term
What is the blood supply to the inf. and sup. colliculi? (2)
Definition

quadrigeminal a.

SCA

Term

Name the primary cortices and their respective Brodmann areas that are heterotypical granular 

 

 

Which one is heterotypical AGRANULAR?

Definition

primary visual cortex (B 17)

primary auditory cortex (B 41)

primary somatosensory cortex (B 3,1,2)

 

 

AGRANULAR: primary somatoMOTOR cortex (B 4)

Term

Wht type of fibers do you find in the internal capsule  in the following locations:

 

Anterior limb (name 2)

Posterior limb (name 2)

genu

sublenticular

retrolenticular

Definition

Ant: thalamocortical & corticopontine

 

Post: thalamocortical & corticospinal

 

Genu: Corticonuclear

 

Sublen: thalamotemporal (audition)

 

Retrolen: thalamooccipital (vision)

 

Term
Lenticulostriate artery supplies?
Definition

IC

putamen

globus pallidus

Term
Anterior Choroidal Artery
Definition

IC

hippocampus

amygdala

Term
mediate striate artery of ACA
Definition

IC

Caudate Nucleus

Term

MAtch the connection/ nucleus of the thalamus to the following cortices:

 

primary visual cortex (B 17)

primary auditory cortex (B 41)

primary somatosensory cortex (B 3,1,2)

primary somatoMOTOR cortex (B 4)

Definition

LGN              primary visual cortex (B 17)

MGN             primary auditory cortex (B 41)            

VPL & VPM     primary somatosensory cortex (B 3,1,2)

VL                primary somatoMOTOR cortex (B 4)

Term

True or False:

 

impairment of motor neurons usually

causes negative signs,

while impairment of sensory neurons usually

causes positive signs

Definition
True
Term

Which of the following sensatios are cortical sensations?

Which are pain?

 

 

Choose from: 

pin prick

graphesthesia

2-pt discrimination

vibration

joint position 

stereognosis

Definition

CORTICAL:

graphesthesia

stereognosis

 

PAIN PATHWAY:

pin prick

Term

Which are discriminative touch? 

Which are Primary Sensations? 

 

Choose from: 

pin prick

graphesthesia

2-pt discrimination

vibration

joint position 

stereognosis

Definition

Primary:

pin prick

2-pt discrimination

vibration

joint position 

 

Discriminative pathways:

2-pt discrimination

vibration

joint position 

 

Term
List 5 LMN signs:
Definition

Flaccid paralysis

Hypotonia

hyporeflexia

fasciculations

atrophy

Term
Caffeine may cause which LMN sign?
Definition
fasciculations
Term
UMN signs usually indicate damage to which tract?
Definition

corticospinal tract

 

Term
List 6 UMN signs:
Definition

spacticity

hyperreflexia

hypertonia

loss of dexterity

clonus

Babinski sign

Term

67 yo female has  increasing clumsiness of her right hand, stumbling, hemianesthesia on the right side of her face and body. moter examination reveals 5/5 strength on the left and 2/5 on the right arm amd 1/5 on the right leg. Reflexes are  3+ on the right, but 2+ on the left.

 

Are these upper or lower motor neuron signs?

What side is the lesion on?

Definition

UMN

lesion on the left

Term
In tomagraphic x-ray technique, what does 1000+ HU  represent?
Definition

Hyperdensity, Bone (measured in Hounsfield Units)

for comparison, water=0 HU and Air=-1000 HU

Term
Lens-shaped intercranial bleed indicates?
Definition
Epidural hematoma
Term
A subdural hematoma is crescent-shaped. What is the likely source of this blood?
Definition
veins
Term

What color is the CSF in a T1-weighted magnet resonance image?

 

What does the white matter look like?

Definition

CSF is Black

GM and WM looks "unstained"

Term
If you want to know if a tumor is degrading the BBB, by being able to visualize the leaks in the barrier, what type of imaging show you use?
Definition

Contrast-Enhanced MRI

(gadolinium will show the leaks)

Term
In diffusion-Weighted MRI, what does the pulse sequence detect?
Definition
microscopic vibration of water molecules, wich are restricted by axon tracts
Term
Despite the expense, which type of autoradiography is used to detect cancer through the imaging of glucose metabolism?
Definition
PET (positive emission tomography)
Term

The slowest myelinated fiber type is...

 

give an example...

Definition

A-delta fibers (class III afferent fibers)

(high -threshhold mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors)

Term
When tactile sensation from the T7 dermatome is transmitted, in which nucleus in the caudal pons does the primary sensory nucleus synapse?
Definition

gracile nucleus

 

(Conveys tactile sensation from T6 dermatome and below)

Term
When tactile sensation from the T7 dermatome is transmitted, in which nucleus does the secondary nucleus synapse?
Definition

after decussating,

and ascending in the C/L medial lemniscus,

 

it synapses in the VPL

Term
What path does neuron #3 (with its cell body in the VPL) take to reach its destination at S1 in the somatosensory cortex?
Definition
It asends through the posterior limb of the IC
Term
Explain astereognosis. Where is the lesion that causes this pathology?
Definition

Primary sense of touch is intact, but patient has an inability to identify objects by touch.

 

Lesion in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII)

Term
Brodmann area(s) in the parietal association cortex?
Definition
(B 5, 7)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!