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Neuroanatomy
Brain anatomy
51
Anatomy
Graduate
12/07/2009

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Term
Cuadate nucleus, corpus callosum, septum pellucidum,fornix,thalamus
Definition
Primary structures adjacent to LATERAL ventricle
Term
Fornix
Definition
major tract between the hippocampus and the mammilary bodies called
Term
Septum pellucidim
Definition
lateral ventricles are seperated by this
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
Thalamus-(switchboard mainly sensory but some motor),Hypothalamus,3rd ventricle,epithalamus,subthalamus
Term
Foramen Monro
Definition
third ventricle connects to the lateral ventricles through this space then on to the 4th via the cerebral aquaduct
Term
Foramina of Luschka
Definition
Lateral recesses extend out over the surface of the medulla to end in the
(cerebellapontine angle)
Term
foramen of Magendie
Definition
Foramen under the cerebellum
Term
Commissures
Definition
Masses of axons that connect the two hemispheres. Est. communication btwn the 2 hemispheres (corpus callosum is one of these)
Term
Intrahemispheric White Matter
Definition
Association axons--Connect regions of same hemisphere in brain
Term
Projection white matter
Definition
Axons running to distant targets in brain. ex. cortex to spinal cord..(tracts)
Term
Anterior Commissure
Definition
lies rostrum of corpus callosum & fornix connects temporal lobes
Term
Posterior Commissure
Definition
in the midbrain at entrance of aquaduct. carries info related to visual reflexes,pupillary light reflex
Term
Internal Capsule
Definition
a layer of axons that encapsulate the thalamus. These axons project primarily from the cortex to the brainstem & spinal cord. Has within it three major long tracts that that carry ascending and descending information from the spinal cord (medial lemniscus, corticospinal tract, anterolateral system-pain/temp).
UPPER MOTOR NEURONS
Term
Crus Cerebri
Definition
Contains connections from cerebral cortex to spinal cord. Is formed by the genu & posterior limb of the internal capsule
Term
3rd Ventricle
Definition
what divides hypothalamus and thalamus
Term
Thalamus
Definition
The dorsal column medial lemniscal system and the anterolateral system both have relays in somatotopically organized in this nuclei before connecting to cortex.
The structures responsible for activation of cortex to maintain consciousness (reticular formation) are also routed here. Major sensorimotor processing station
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
neuro-endocrine, autonomic, & cognitive processing functions.
It has neural and vascular connections to the pituitary gland via the infundibulum.
Ventrally, the it includes the mammillary bodies(memory circuitry)
Term
Epithalamus
Definition
includes the habenular nuclei &
PINEAL GLAND (sleep wake cycles)--melatonin
Term
Subthalamus
Definition
Involved in motor processing w/ basal ganglia
Term
Basal Ganglia
Definition
cuadate nucleus & putamen (tog. called striatum)MOTOR FUNCTIONS if damaged unwanted movements
Term
Lentiform Nuclei
Definition
Contains the Putamen & Globus Palludis (outside of internal capsule)Together motor function processing
Term
Substantia Nigra
Definition
A portion of it's nucleus contains Dopamine (part of basal ganglia)
Term
Limbic System Parts
Definition
Hippocampus,Amygdala & fornix
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
Long & short term memory has efferent projection the fornix(has efferent and afferent neurons)
Term
Amygdala (almond)
Definition
w/ the hypothalamus, contributes to the autonomic components of emotional behavior such as anger, fear and helps to associate memories with emotional reactions.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
uses complex sensory info. to unconsciously modulate motor activity coordination & some aspects of motor learning.
Term
Brainstem
Definition
contains neurons for motor & parasympathetic output. Controls respriation & heart rate (Primitive brain)
Term
Midbrain
Definition
nuclei-eye movement control
Term
Pons
Definition
communication cerebrum & cerebellum & nuclei
Term
medulla
Definition
consciousness/reticular formation, heartrate breathing
Term
Superior Colliculi
Definition
Assoc. w/ visual pathways coordinates visual reflex toward stimuli & controls eye movment
Term
Inferior colliculi
Definition
Assoc. w/ auditory relay station for sound coordinates auditory reflexes
Term
4th ventricle
Definition
between pons & cerebellum
Term
Pyramids
Definition
Extensions of crus cerebri contain corticospinal tract & corticobulbar
Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition
Visual, visual associative
Term
Parietal
Definition
Sensory, sensory associative(part of brain)
Term
Frontal
Definition
Motor,higher thinking, cognitive function
Term
Temporal
Definition
Integrative sensory, memory, auditory, olfaction
Term
Insular lobe
Definition
mixed function, motor & sensory
Term
Limbic
Definition
Emotion, memory
Term
Precentral gyrus
Definition
MOTOR
Term
Postcentral gyrus
Definition
Sensory
Term
Supramarginal gyrus
Definition
Inferior part of parietal, assoc. sensory functions
Term
Cingulate gyrus
Definition
Surrounds corpus callosum
Term
Uncus
Definition
sits right next to midbrain
Term
Wernicke's
Definition
on left, meaning of speech, on right, decodes environmental sounds, can be affected by alcoholism
Term
Broca's area
Definition
only on left side for motor of speech
Term
Barorecptor
Definition
arterial blood pressure (Carotid Sius)
Term
Chemoreceptor
Definition
arterial oxygen,CO2, Blood PH, drugs (Carotid body)
Term
Insular lobe
Definition
mixed function sensory & motor area of the brain
Term
Insular lobe
Definition
mixed function sensory & motor area of the brain
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