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Neuroanatomy
Chapter 1
59
Anatomy
Graduate
09/21/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Neuraxis

Definition

The major axis of the CNS.

It is vertical in the spinal cord & brain stem

It is horizontial in the diencephalon-cerebrum.

 

Term
Sagittal
Definition
divides the body into precise right-left halves; producing two equal mirrior image pieces.
Term
Parasagittal
Definition
Parallel to the sagittal plane, but not in the midline.
Term

Coronal

or

Transverse

Definition
at a right angle to the neuraxis
Term
Cross-sections
Definition
the horozonal plane
Term
Vertical
Definition
section is at right angle to a sagittal section and at right angles to a transverse section
Term
The parts of the nervous system...
Definition
function together to  produce preception, thought and action.
Term
Synapse
Definition
contact between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to the next
Term
Plane
Definition
the resulting cut surface
Term
Section
Definition
a cut through the body or part of it
Term
Lateral
Definition
farther from the midline
Term
Medial
Definition
closer to the midline
Term
Proximal
Definition
near the point wehre the structure connects itht he rest of the body
Term
Distal
Definition
farther from the point wehre the structure connects with the rest of the body
Term
Caudal
Definition
towards the tail
Term
Superior
Definition
towards the top of the head
Term
Inferior
Definition
towards the bottom of the feet
Term
Rostral
Definition
towards the head
Term
Dorsal
Definition
what was posterior during early development
Term
Ventral
Definition
what was anterior during early development
Term
Posterior
Definition
behind towards the back of the body
Term
Anterior
Definition
in front of ; towards the front of the body
Term
Neuron
Definition
transmit information, usually in the form of nerve impulses
Term
Nerve Impulses
Definition
chemical-electrical signals that can travel along an axon at speeds of a few hundred meters per second
Term
Satellite Cells
Definition
facilitate neurons in various ways, but do NOT transmit nerve impulses
Term
Communication
Definition
the main function  of the nervous system
Term
Organelles
Definition
contained in the cell body, and necessary for the cell's function
Term
Dendrites
Definition
a group of shorter processes
Term
axon
Definition
A single longer process, transmit messages as a nerve impulse
Term
ganglion
Definition

(in PNS)

a group of neuronal cell bodies & their dendrites lying together

Term
Cortex
Definition
when a group of neuronal cell bodies & their dendrites form layers on their brain's surface
Term
Tracts
Definition
large numbers of nerve fibers that corse together in the CNS
Term
Nucleus
Definition
a group of cell bodies in the CNS
Term
Nerves
Definition
large numbers of nerve fibers that course together in the PNS
Term
White matter
Definition
large numbers of nerve fibers that corse together
Term
Myelin Sheath
Definition
when fresh specimans have a glistening white fatty covering
Term
Gray matter
Definition
cell bodies & dendrites that lack the myelin sheath and appeargray in fresh specimans including ganglia and nuclei
Term
Synpase
Definition
when information passes from one neuron to another
Term
Neurotransmitter
Definition
when a nerve impulse comes to the end of an axon, it causes a chemical...release at the synapse
Term
When a neurotransmitter excites..
Definition
it facilitates the next neuron to start sending nerve impulses
Term
when a neurotransmitter inhibits
Definition
it inhibits the neurons from sending nerve impulses
Term
motor neurons
Definition
neurons that cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete-- "motor activity"
Term

 

Efferent neurons

Definition
neurons that carry information away from the CNS such as motor neurons
Term
Sensory neurons
Definition
carry sensory infomation from the periphery into the central nervous system
Term
Afferent neurons
Definition
carry information toward the CNS such as sensory neurons
Term

interneurons

or

internuncial neurons

Definition
they lie w/i the CNS and process information carried by both sensory and motor neurons
Term

Medulla

or

Medulla oblongata

Definition
lies @ the base of the skull and is directly continuous w/ the spinal cord
Term
Pons
Definition
above the medulla
Term
Midbrain
Definition
above the pons
Term
Brainstem
Definition
  • medulla
  • pons
  • midbrain
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
a large structure that lies in the back part of the cranial cavity of the skull
Term
Hindbrain
Definition
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
above the brainstem; means-beteeen the brain, lies between the brainstem & cerebral hemisphere 
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
formed of the R & L hemispheres & the largest portion of the brain
Term

Forebrain

Definition
  • diencephalon
  • cerebral hemispheres
Term
Cerebral cortex
Definition
the cerebral hemispheres which are entirerly covered by sheets of gray matter
Term

Central Nervous System

(CNS)

 

Definition
consists of the brain which lies in the cranial cavity of the skull & spinal cord w/i the vertebral column
Term

Peripheral Nervous System

(PNS)

Definition
consists of peripheral nerves that go between the CNS & other parts of the body
Term
Cells
Definition
building blocks of the body
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