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Neuroanatomy 1
A&P Speech Mechanisms Exam 4
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/25/2012

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Cards

Term
5 Lobes of the Cerebrum
Definition
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, and Insular
Term
Main functions of frontal lobe
Definition
Judgment, reasonsing, intellectual functioning, personality, abstract thinking, and long term memory
Term
Main functions of temporal lobe
Definition
Hearing center (primary: recognition of hearing sound; secondary: interpreting sounds/meanings; Wernicke's: decoding phonetic info)
Term
Main functions of parietal lobe
Definition
Somatosensory (primary: reception of body senses from body; secondary: reception of info from deeper brain)
Term
Angular gyrus (in parietal)*
Definition
Understanding written material
Term
Supramarginal gyrus (in parietal)*
Definition
Motor planning of speech
Term
Main functions of occipital lobe
Definition
Vision (primary: receives most direct signal from eyes; secondary: visual association, inteprets/discriminates visual imputs, meaning of written word)
Term
Calcarine sulcus (in occipital)*
Definition
area are the CS is a primary receptor for visual information
Term
Main functions of insular lobe
Definition
Speech-motor control; gives sequenece/planning for articulation
Term
Grey vs. White matter
Definition
Grey matter: nucleus and cell bodies of neurons; White matter: myelinated axons and dendrities (includes supporting cells called gilacells)
Term
Arcuate Fasciculus function
Definition
Connects Wernicke's with Broca's area; AKA the phonological loop
Term
Corpus Callosum function
Definition
Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication. It is the largest white matter structure in the brain.
Term
Basal Ganglia parts
Definition
caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, subthalmic nucleus, substantia nigra
Term
Function of the basal ganglia*
Definition
Controlling eye movement, motivation
Term
Lesions on basal ganglia
Definition
Parkinson's (hyperkinetic movement [short gait, shuffling]); Huntington's chorea (hypokinetic movement [wild, flinging])
Term
Damage to insular lobe*
Definition
Apraxia
Term
Conduction aphasia*
Definition
Normal speech production; poor speech repetition
Term
Thalamus function*
Definition
Sensory relay station
Term
Hypothalamus function*
Definition
Hormone secretion
Term
Three types of Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVAs)
Definition
Thrombotic, Hemorragic, Embolic
Term
Thrombotic CVA*
Definition
blockage due to clot within artery; causes stenosis (narrowing of artery)
Term
Hemorragic CVA*
Definition
bursting of blood vessel in brain; congenital; advanced arteriosclerosis; aneurysm (weak spot in artery wall)
Term
Embolic CVA*
Definition
blockage of artery from a traveling particle (i.e. cholesterol, blood clot, bubble of air, gas, tumor, bacteria, marrow)
Term
Deficits with Anterior Cerebral Artery lesions/occlusions
Definition
Paralysis; Cognitive, emotional, and personality changes; apraxia of gait
Term
Deficits with Middle Cerebral Artery lesions/occlusions
Definition
Contralateral hemiplegia (weakness on one side of body, usually face and arms); cortical hypothesia (numbness in same side as motor loss); hemianopsia (loss of 1/2 of visual field in each eye); aphasia; visual agnosia (inability to assign meeting to what is seen); apraxia; unilateral dysarthria
Term
Deficits with Posterior Cerebral Artery/Vertibrobasilar lesions/occlusions
Definition
dyslexia/dyscalculia; memory impairments/higher cognitive functions; hemianopia; visual agnosia; ataxic dysarthria
Term
Cortico-Spinal tract
Definition
Innervates arms, legs, hands, fingers, lower legs, feet, and toes
Term
Cortico-Bulbar tract
Definition
Innervates cranial-facial muscles (goes to brainstem to affect said muscles)
Term
Symptoms of lower motorneuron (LMN) lesions
Definition
Muscular atrophy; fasciculations (tiny twitches of muscle); decreased reflexes; muscle weakness; flaccidity
Term
Symptoms of Upper Motorneurons (UMN) Lesions
Definition
Spasticity; muscular weakness; increased reflexes; Unilateral lesion symptoms: paralysis of contralateral side; Bilateral lesions: paralysis of both sides of body
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