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neuro block 3 #2
upper semester's stuff
91
Anatomy
Professional
11/18/2007

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Term
Which artery supplies Cingulate gyrus
Definition
Anterior cerebral artery
Term
What symptom seen when parahippocampal gyrus is herniated
Definition

ipsilateral pupil dilation

*PS component of oculomotor nerve is blocked and constrictor pupillae doesnt function

Term

Sx seen when blood supply lost to posterior corpus collosum

Definition
alexia without agraphia
Term
sx seen when loss blood flow to anterior corpus callosum
Definition
left hand apraxia
Term

Sx seen if both thalami are involved

Definition
memory loss
Term
where is macular vision located and artery supply
Definition
post aspect calcarine sulcus (occipital lobe) and middle cerebral artery
Term
Tract pass through posterior limb of internal capsule
Definition
corticospinal tract (contralateral spastic hemiplegia if involved)
Term
Nucleus present in region which separates 2 lateral ventricles
Definition
septal nuclei (septum pellucidum)
Term
white matter from frontal to occipital lobe?
Definition
optic radiation
Term

visual defect seen if involvement post cerebral artery

Definition
contralateral homonymous hemianopia with MACULAR SPARING
Term
Is there macular sparing if lesion of optic tract?
Definition
NO- complete blindness
Term
stria terminalis terminates where
Definition
amygdala
Term
stria terminalis terminate where
Definition
septal nucleus
Term
stria terminal between 2 structures?
Definition
caudate nucleus and thalamus
Term
area ablated in case of basal ganglion disorder
Definition
globus palidus internum
Term
area PURPOSEFULLY stimulated in basal ganglion disorder
Definition
ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus
Term

condition when globus palidus surgically ablated?

Definition
parkinsons syndrome
Term
structure lies in roof of inf horn 3rd ventricle
Definition
tail caudate nucleus
Term
structure found at anterior end of tail fo caudate nucleus
Definition
amygdala
Term
what traverses the hippocampal sulcus
Definition
perforant pathway
Term

structures present in hippocampal formation

Definition
dentate gyrus; subiculum; hippocampus
Term

structure TERMINATES in mamm bodies?

Definition
fornix
Term
Lesion of pons
Definition

3 Ps

pyrexia

pinpoint pupil

parlaysis

Term
What is edingar westphal nucleus
Definition
PS nerves to oculomotor nerve (midbrain- light reflex)
Term

Area degenerated in neurosyphilis

Definition

pretectal nucleus- pupillary light reflex lost

accomodation reflex IN TACT

Term

What reflex passes through posterior commissure

Definition
pupillary light reflex
Term
sense in lateral geniculate body
Definition
vision
Term
center in ant/post cingulate gyrus
Definition

ant= intellectual center

post- visual imagination

Term
motor v sensory area and their cells
Definition

motor- pyramidal (agranular)

sensory- granular (granular cortex)

Term
connections of external granular cell layer (2)
Definition
afferents to here from opp and same side
Term

connections of external pyramidal cell layer (3)

Definition
efferents to CORTEX from this layer
Term
connections of internal pyramidal cells (5)
Definition
efferents from here project to neostriatum, brainstem, spinal cord
Term
neuropeptidy Y
Definition
inc appetite
Term
Pyramidal cells
Definition
originate in 3rd layer cerebrum and give processes to reach 2nd layer of opp side cerebral hemisphere
Term
Betz nucleus
Definition
pyramidal neurons in layer 5 and inner pyramidal cell body
Term

What artery supplies the ready area of the brain

Definition

parietal cortex/prefrontal lobe- middle cerebral artery

if damaged- ideational apraxia

Term
part of brain dominant for attention
Definition
right cerebral hemisphere
Term
damage to parieto temporal lobe results in what
Definition

ideational (sensory) apraxia

Term
motor apraxia
Definition

condition when pt has nonfunctioning muscles due to premotor area affected- but pt NOT paralyzed

*could resultf rom loss blood to this area

Term
what is dominant hemisphere- even for those who are left handed
Definition
70% population = left hemisphere
Term
types of fibers in cerebrum
Definition

commissural (connect 2 cerebral hemisphere)

projecting (corticospinal- cortex to spinal cord)

Association (connect same hemisphere - arcuate fasciculus)

Term
Disconnection syndrome
Definition
L hand apraxia, alexia without agraphia, agraphia of the L hand, astereognosia, inability to read L hemifield
Term
Gerstmann syndrome- where lesion
Definition
angular gyrus- inf parietal lobe
Term
Where is NONREM sleep switch
Definition
lateral preoptic nucleus
Term
Ventral lateral preoptic nucleus neurons?
Definition
GABAergic neurons inhibit histamine to lead to nonREM sleep
Term
lesion lateral nucleus of tuberoinfundibular area
Definition
emaciation- loss of appetite
Term
Leptin
Definition
hormone produced by fat to stimulate OB receptors in hypothalamus- produce A-MSH- DEC APPETITE
Term
Anti rise center
Definition
ant hypothalamus- under PS control
Term
Anti drop center
Definition
Post hypothalamus- Sympathetic control
Term
Orexin where?
Definition
lateral hypothalamic area- induce wakefulness
Term

Ant hypothalamus cut

Definition

sham rage syndrome- VIOLENT

cut post hypothalamus- DOCILE and abolish rage

Term
When is Bromocryptine used
Definition
parkinsonism, prolactinoma dopoamine agaonist act on D2 receptors selectively
Term
what bundle pass through lateral zone hypothalamus
Definition
medial forebrain bundle
Term
what makes medial/lateral zone differentiation of hypothalamus
Definition
fornix
Term
pathway begins in Amygdala
Definition
stria terminalis
Term
mossy fibers are what type of cells
Definition
granular celsl of hippocampus
Term
fornix lies between 2 areas
Definition
mammillary body and hippocampus
Term

fissure between sup surface thalamus and fornix

Definition
choroid fissure
Term
what difvides thalamus into 3 nuclei
Definition
internal medullary lamina
Term
what tracts terminate in ventral posteriolateral nucleus of thalamus
Definition
medial and lateral lemniscus
Term
tract terminate in vetnral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus
Definition
trigeminal lemniscus
Term
pain and temp sensation from head lies in what nucleus?
Definition
ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus
Term

does glaucoma cause papiledema?

Definition
no- causes optic cupping- cup of optic disc exaggerated and cupping increased by degeneration of optic nerve (caused by papilledema too)
Term

Myopia- size of eye?

Definition
larger
Term
what vision lies in nasal retina
Definition
temporal vision- this vision crosses.....
Term
P - pathway / M pathway cell size
Definition

P- small - acuity of vision (cones)

M- large- Movement (RODS)

Term
lesion of hypothalamospinal tract
Definition
horner's syndrome
Term
neuors responsible for dilatation pupil
Definition
posterior part of hypothalamus; pregang symp neuron in lat horn T1
Term
structures which light must pass before reaching the retina
Definition
cornea- aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
Term
diopter? and from lens
Definition

inverse of focal length

lens- 12

Term
presbyopia
Definition
hardening of lens "after 40 years"
Term
rods/cones in fovea region
Definition
rods absent; cones concentrated
Term
Why is macular area spared when visual cortex damaged
Definition
Middle cerebral artery
Term

1st sign inc oculomotor pressure

Definition
pupil dilation- bc PS nerves compressed and constriction cant occur
Term
what are limbs of corneal reflex
Definition

ascending aff limb- nasocilliary branch trigeminal

descending/efferent - facial nerve

Term
optic disc lies in what quadrant
Definition
inferior nasal quadrant
Term
which loop extend into temporal lobe
Definition
pie in sky- Meyers loop
Term
Sx seen if post cerebral artery damaged
Definition
peripheral vision lost with macular sparing due to MCA
Term
4 areas where contralateral superior homonymous quandrantonopia is seen
Definition

L- lower retina

L- lat part Lat geniculate body

L-loop of meyer

L- lower lip of calcarine sulcus

Term
Drugs given in Parkinsonism
Definition
Anticholinergic; L dopa; MAOI; carbadoba with L dopa
Term
external parts in limbic lobe
Definition

parahippocampal; paraterminal; subcollosal; cingulate gyrus

Term
Herpes has tropism for what lobe?
Definition
limbic lobe
Term
Granular cells found in only one nucleus
Definition
dentate nucleus
Term
alveolar pathway surpasses what nucleus
Definition
Dentate nucleus
Term
auditory impulses begin in what cell
Definition
innher hair cells
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