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Details

Networking Concepts
Terminology and Networking concepts
22
Computer Networking
Professional
07/04/2012

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Cards

Term
IP address
Definition
A 32 bit unique address for each host in an internet network
Term
Firewall
Definition
Firewall is a packet filtering hardware or software that can block / restrict network access in various ways
Term
Router
Definition
A router is a networking software or hardware that can send packets from one network to another network
Term

ARP

 

Definition

Address Resolution Protocol

Used to find the MAC address from an IP address

Term
Network Switch
Definition
Switch is a layer 2 device that connects multiple network segments or devices
Term
Network Hub
Definition
A network hub is a repeater which transmits the input in one port as output to all the other ports
Term

netfilter

 

Definition
netfilter is a linux kernel framework using which packet filtering and routing can be done
Term
Promiscuous Mode
Definition
In promiscuous mode the network device driver passes all detected data to the OS and thereby any application above it instead of just passing only those data destined to itself
Term
MAC Address
Definition

"Media Access Control" address

Unique Layer 2 Address for each network hardware device

Term
Net Mask
Definition

Is a binary mask of leading 1s and lagging 0s using which the network address, broadcast address, size of the network, etc., can be determined.

IPv4 net mask addresses are 32 bit long.

Term
Broadcast Address
Definition
It is the last address in an IP network to which, by convention,  all the members of the network are expected to respond.
Term
Subnet
Definition
Sub net is a logically visible division of an IP network. The process of dividing a network into two or more networks is called Subnetting.
Term
DHCP
Definition

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP is used to assign / obtain IP address and other related settings (like gateway, net mask, domain name server) from a centrally controlled DHCP server

Term
ICMP
Definition

Internet Control Message Protocol

ICMP is used to test a network and to send information and errors between hosts.

ICMP is a layer above IP. It uses no ports.

Term
HTTP
Definition

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

HTTP is a stateless application layer protocol used widely in the World Wide Web

Web browsers are HTTP clients, Web servers like Apache are HTTP servers

Term
IRC
Definition

Internet Relay Chat

IRC is a stateful application layer protocol that uses TCP/IP to enable users to send and receive messages interactively

Term
UDP
Definition

User Datagram Protocol

UDP is a stateless data transmission protocol that provides unreliable but overhead-free data exchange. It is useful for streaming applications where the network is known to be reliable or where data loss can be tolerated.

Term
TCP
Definition

Transmission Control Protocol

TCP is a Layer 4 stateful, connection-oriented protocol which provides reliable transmission of data over an IP network

Term
GSLB
Definition

Global Server Load Balancer

 

GSLB identifies the nearest or best destination by identifying the location of the client's IP address and sometimes also by identifying the load or availability of the server

Term
Traceroute
Definition
traceroute is a program which identifies the routers on the way to a destination by manipulating the TTL field in the IP header. It uses ICMP (on top of IP).
Term
Bandwidth
Definition
The amount of data that can be sent at a time
Term
Latency
Definition
The time taken by a packet to traverse a network connection (i.e., go from sender to receiver)
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